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Author : Claudia Copeland
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1457839784
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-08-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309075794
Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.
Author : Oliver A. Houck
Publisher : Environmental Law Institute
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Water
ISBN : 1585760382
The definitive guide to all there is to know about the TMDL requirements of clean water legislation.
Author : American Society of Civil Engineers. TMDL Analysis and Modeling Task Committee,Environmental and Water Resources Institute (U.S.), Watershed Management Technical Committee Staff
Publisher : Asce American Society of Civil Engineers Ewri
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Water
ISBN : 0784414718
This report reviews more than 35 TMDL models and procedures for estimating the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still meet applicable water quality standards.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Water
ISBN : 9781428901001
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Water
ISBN : ERDC:35925003145122
Author : Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction,Water Science and Technology Board,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2001-08-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309090059
Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.
Author : Jennifer Ruffolo
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Water
ISBN : 9780788186691
TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Loading) define how much of a pollutant a water body can tolerate on a daily basis & still meet the relevant water quality standards. All of the sources of the pollutant in the watershed combined, including non-point sources, are limited to discharging no more than that total limit. EPA is suing states to force them to produce TMDLs. A growing number of California's water bodies are either subject to consent decrees to develop TMDLs, or are the subject of notices of intent to file lawsuits that may have that outcome. This report addresses California's many problems in establishing TMDLs for its impaired water bodies.
Author : Federal Advisory Committee on the Total Maximum Daily Load Program (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Freshwater ecology
ISBN : UCR:31210024719773
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Emergency Management
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Law
ISBN : LOC:00076220566
Author : Julia Crawford
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Effluent quality
ISBN : 1624174418
Forty years after the Clean Water Act set a national goal of eliminating the discharge of pollutants into navigable U.S. waters, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made significant progress in reducing pollution from industrial facilities; nevertheless, pollution from these facilities continues to cause concern. EPA's actions to reduce this pollution have included establishing national technology-based regulations, or effluent guidelines, for separate industrial categories, such as petroleum refining, fertiliser manufacturing, coal mining, and metal finishing. Relatively few effluent guidelines have been revised or created in recent years and environmental advocacy groups continue to raise concerns because industrial facilities annually discharge hundreds of billions, and perhaps trillions of pounds of pollutants to U.S. waters. This book examines water pollution controls with a focus on effluent guidelines, total maximum daily loads and stormwater permits.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Nonpoint source pollution
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050196877
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Nutrient pollution of water
ISBN : IND:30000096956226
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Water
ISBN : LCCN:2005282840
"Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) are required under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) for water bodies that do not attain water quality standards after technology-based pollution control requirements are applied. While this provision has existed in the CWA since 1972, it was brought to the forefront through a series of citizen suits in the 1980's and 1990's which required states and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to list water bodies not attaining water quality standards (so-called 303(d0-listed water bodies) and develop maximum loadings as necessary to meet water quality objectives. ... This project explores the benefits of drinking water utilities' involvement in the TMDL process. ... The Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) sponsored an experts workshop ... held at River Club, Scituate, MA on December 11-12, 2003." -- Executive Summary, p. xv.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : LOC:00094993192