Climate Change Income Sources Crop Mix And Input Use Decisions Evidence From Nigeria

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Balana, Bedru
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Climate change, income sources, crop mix, and input use decisions: Evidence from Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Balana, Bedru Pdf

This paper combines panel data from nationally representative household-level surveys in Nigeria with long-term satellite-based spatial data on temperature and precipitation using geo-referenced information related to households. It aims to quantify the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity, income shares, crop mix, and input use decisions. We measure climate change in harmful degree days, growing degree days, and changes in precipitation using long-term (30 year) changes in temperature and precipitation anomalies during the crop calendars. We find that, controlling for other factors, a 15 percent (one standard deviation) increase in change in harmful degree days leads to a decrease in agricultural productivity of 5.22 percent on average. Similarly, precipitation change has resulted in a significant and negative impact on agricultural productivity. Our results further show that the change in harmful degree days decreases the income share from crops and nonfarm self-employment, while it increases the income share from livestock and wage employment. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that farmers change their crop mix and input use to respond to climate changes, for instance reducing fertilizer use and seed purchases as a response to increases in extreme heat. Based on our findings, we suggest policy interventions that incentivize adoption of climate-resilient agriculture, such as small-scale irrigation and livelihood diversification. We also propose targeted pro-poor interventions, such as low-cost financing options for improving smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies, and policy measures to reduce the inequality of access to livelihood capital such as land and other productive assets.

Author : Mulubrhan Amare Reda,Bedru Babulo Balana
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1386992462

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Climate Change, Income Sources, Crop Mix, and Input Use Decisions by Mulubrhan Amare Reda,Bedru Babulo Balana Pdf

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Balana, Bedru,Onilogbo, Omobolanle
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Enhancing climate resilience in Nigerian agriculture: Implications for sustainable adaptation and livelihood diversification by Amare, Mulubrhan,Balana, Bedru,Onilogbo, Omobolanle Pdf

Key Highlights: Changes in temperature, measured in harmful degree days (HDDs), and precipitation have a significant negative impact on agricultural productivity in Nigeria, which highlights the adverse effects of extreme weather on crop yields. Climate changes affect income sources for farming households. We found that an increase in HDDs reduces households’ income share from crops and nonfarm self-employment, implying threats to household food security for smallholders whose livelihoods depend on subsistence farming and food consumption from own sources. In response to the risks posed by climate change, farmers adopt changes in crop mixes (for example, reducing the share of land allocated to cereals) and input use decisions (for example, reducing fertilizer use and purchased seeds) as an adaptation strategy. Adaption strategies that lead to low use of yield-enhancing modern inputs could worsen agricultural productivity and household food insecurity. However, we found that farmers in Nigeria respond to extreme climate by switching to drought tolerant root or tuber crops. Such strategies could partially offset the adverse effects of climatic shocks on households’ welfare. Climate changes negatively impact agricultural productivity for both poor and non-poor households, but the effects are more pronounced among poorer households, according to our heterogenous effects analysis on household’s initial endowments (based on wealth indicators measured in asset and livestock holdings). This implies low adaptive capacity on the part of poor households and thus their high vulnerability to climate-related shocks. Suggested policy recommendations include interventions to incentivize adoption of climate-resilient agriculture, targeted pro-poor interventions such as low-cost financing options for improving smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies, and policy measures to reduce the inequality of access to livelihood capital, such as land and other productive assets.

Author : Abdulai Jalloh,Gerald C. Nelson,Timothy S. Thomas,Robert Bellarmin Zougmoré,Harold Roy-Macauley
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896292048

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West African Agriculture and Climate Change by Abdulai Jalloh,Gerald C. Nelson,Timothy S. Thomas,Robert Bellarmin Zougmoré,Harold Roy-Macauley Pdf

The first of three books in IFPRI's climate change in Africa series, West African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis examines the food security threats facing 11 of the countries that make up West Africa -- Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo -- and explores how climate change will increase the efforts needed to achieve sustainable food security throughout the region. West Africa's population is expected to grow at least through mid-century. The region will also see income growth. Both will put increased pressure on the natural resources needed to produce food, and climate change makes the challenges greater. West Africa is already experiencing rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increasing extreme events. Without attention to adaptation, the poor will suffer. Through the use of hundreds of scenario maps, models, figures, and detailed analysis, the editors and contributors of West African Agriculture and Climate Change present plausible future scenarios that combine economic and biophysical characteristics to explore the possible consequences for agriculture, food security, and resources management to 2050. They also offer recommendations to national governments and regional economic agencies already dealing with the vulnerabilities of climate change and deviations in environment. Decisionmakers and researchers will find West African Agriculture and Climate Change a vital tool for shaping policy and studying the various and likely consequences of climate change.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Edeh, Hyacinth,Lawal, Akeem,Oniybe, Johnson E.,Daudu, Christogonus K.,Andam, Kwaw S.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Climate risks and damage abatement effects of pesticides: Evidence based on four-wave panel data in Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Edeh, Hyacinth,Lawal, Akeem,Oniybe, Johnson E.,Daudu, Christogonus K.,Andam, Kwaw S. Pdf

Managing biotic stress, such as pests, diseases, and weeds, remain critical in enhancing the productivity of agrifood systems in developing countries, including Nigeria. The public sector continues to seek solutions for efficient and effective measures for addressing these biotic stresses, ranging from varietal technologies, improved crop husbandry, and the application of agrochemicals. The field-level evidence remains scarce regarding the effectiveness of these measures in developing countries like Nigeria. Furthermore, increasing climate uncertainty poses further challenges in identifying effective measures. This study assesses the damage abatement effects of agrochemicals in Nigeria and how these effects are affected by weather shocks. We extend the standard damage abatement framework to 4 waves of farm panel data to minimize the potential bias due to the endogeneity in agrochemical use decisions. Our results indicate that weather shocks have significant effects. In particular, rising nighttime minimum temperatures above 20 ℃ have significantly increased damage abatement effects of pesticides in Nigeria. This is possibly because of increased pest activities induced by the warmer nighttime temperatures, which, in the absence of pesticide uses, would cause more significant damage to crops. These results hold for all crops combined, as well as individual crops, including cowpea and maize, for which Nigeria has intensified its effort in pest control through both agrochemicals and Bt varieties in recent years.

Author : Raffaello Cervigni,Riccardo Valentini
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821399231

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Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria by Raffaello Cervigni,Riccardo Valentini Pdf

If not addressed in time, climate change is expected to exacerbate Nigeria's current vulnerability to weather swings and limit its ability to achieve and sustain the objectives of Vision 20: 2020. But there is a lot that can be done, starting now, to avoid such a damaging outcome. This is the overarching message of Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria. The likely impacts of climate change include the following: - Long-term reduction in crop yields of 20-30 percent - Declining productivity of livestock, with adverse consequences on livelihoods and pastoralism - Large increases in food imports - Worsening prospects for food security, particularly in the north and the southwest - Long-term decline in GDP of up to 4.5 percent The impacts may be worse if economic diversification away from agriculture happens more slowly than anticipated by Vision 20: 2020, or if there is too little irrigation to counter the effects of rising temperatures on rain-fed agriculture. Equally important, the study argues that investment decisions made on the basis of historical climate data may end up being wrong: projects that ignore climate change may be under- or over-designed, with economic losses of 20-40 percent of capital invested in irrigation or hydropower projects. For the past two years, the Federal Government of Nigeria and the World Bank have collaborated to analyze the specific challenges posed by climate change in agriculture and water resources management, with a view to identifying viable solutions for adaptation. This effort has brought together participants from government, academia, the private sector, and civil society. Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria spells out the technological and management options available to Nigeria for achieving climate resilience. In particular, the book explores--a first not just for Nigeria but also for Sub-Saharan Africa--the application of a robust decision-making approach to enhance the resilience of key sectors such as irrigation and hydropower. The study proposes 10 practical, short-term priority actions, as well as complementary longer-term initiatives, that could help to mitigate the threat posed by climate change. Building climate resilience will increasingly be central to Nigeria's efforts to achieve the aspirational goals the nation has set for itself in the Vision 20: 2020 documents. This study provides practical, evidence-based solutions to inform and nurture the debate and inform policy making for sustainable national development.

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Spatial market integration of food markets during a shock: Evidence from food markets in Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L. Pdf

This paper uses comprehensive and long time series monthly food price data and a panel dyadic regression framework to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses on spatial market integration across a diverse set of food items in Nigeria. The empirical results reveal several important insights. First, we show that a significant slowdown in the speed of adjustment and price transmission occurred during the pandemic. For some food items, the speed of adjustment and, by implication, spatial market integration weakened by two- to-threefold after the pandemic outbreak. The effect was specially pronounced for perishable food items. Second, lockdown measures and the spread of the pandemic triggered additional dispersion in market prices across markets. For example, lockdown measures were associated with a 5–10 percent reduction in the speed of readjustment toward long-term equilibrium. Third, additional underlying attributes of markets, including lack of access to digital infrastructure and distance between markets, exacerbated impacts associated with the pandemic. For instance, access to Internet service reduced the slowdown in the speed of adjustment caused by the pandemic, but longer distances between market pairs induced greater slowdown in the speed of price transmission. Our findings offer important insights for revitalizing the efficiency of food markets affected by the pandemic. The heterogenous impacts of the pandemic across value chains and markets reinforce the need to properly target post-pandemic recovery interventions and investments. Finally, we offer some insights to reduce the vulnerability of food and market systems to disruptions in future pandemics or similar phenomena that inhibit food marketing and trade.

Author : Nwagboso, Chibuzo,Andam, Kwaw S.,Amare, Mulubrhan,Bamiwuye, Temilolu,Fasoranti, Adetunji
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The economic importance of cowpea in Nigeria trends and Implications for achieving agri-food system transformation by Nwagboso, Chibuzo,Andam, Kwaw S.,Amare, Mulubrhan,Bamiwuye, Temilolu,Fasoranti, Adetunji Pdf

Nigeria is the largest producer of cowpea in the world and one of the highest consumers. This paper documents the challenges in cowpea production and consumption, export, and import trends in Nigeria. The critical and comparative review reveals several important insights. Cowpea is important for households and communities due to its substantial contributions to food security, nutrition, and revenue production. It plays a pivotal role in supporting various stakeholders involved in the value chain, including producers, processors, traders, and food vendors. Thus, cowpea is a crucial multipurpose crop. Although Nigeria is the largest producer of cowpea in the world, with a total production of 3.6 million tons in 2021, the demand for cowpea surpasses its supply due to factors such as the country's large population and low productivity. We describe the main challenges encountered in Nigeria's cowpea production, encompassing a range of issues such as high susceptibility to pests and diseases from planting to storage phases, low adoption of improved cowpea seed varieties, poor soil fertility, drought, and heat stress. The data suggest that low input use, low-yield varieties, and low productivity characterize the current level of cowpea production. Our findings suggest the need for tailored strategies to support the adoption of improved cowpea varieties in Nigeria to increase domestic production, adherence to quality standards, exploration of international markets for export opportunities, and ultimately, household income and improve nutritional outcomes.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-01-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9251093741

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State of Food and Agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization Pdf

Unless action is taken now to make agriculture more sustainable, productive and resilient, climate change impacts will seriously compromise food production in countries and regions that are already highly food-insecure. The Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, represents a new beginning in the global effort to stabilize the climate before it is too late. It recognizes the importance of food security in the international response to climate change, as reflected by many countries prominent focus on the agriculture sector in their planned contributions to adaptation and mitigation. To help put those plans into action, this report identifies strategies, financing opportunities, and data and information needs. It also describes transformative policies and institutions that can overcome barriers to implementation. The State of Food and Agriculture is produced annually. Each edition contains an overview of the current global agricultural situation, as well as more in-depth coverage of a topical theme."

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251079201

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Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.

Author : John A. Dixon,David P. Gibbon,Aidan Gulliver,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251046271

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Farming Systems and Poverty by John A. Dixon,David P. Gibbon,Aidan Gulliver,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Author : Alexandre Meybeck
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951D036912636

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Building Resilience for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Agriculture Sector by Alexandre Meybeck Pdf

"The joint workshop on Building resilience for adaptation to climate change in the agriculture sector was organized by FAO and OECD, and was held from 23 to 24 April 2012, at FAO headquarters in Rome."--P. 5.

Author : Stephane Hallegatte,Mook Bangalore,Laura Bonzanigo,Marianne Fay,Tamaro Kane,Ulf Narloch,Julie Rozenberg,David Treguer,Adrien Vogt-Schilb
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464806742

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Shock Waves by Stephane Hallegatte,Mook Bangalore,Laura Bonzanigo,Marianne Fay,Tamaro Kane,Ulf Narloch,Julie Rozenberg,David Treguer,Adrien Vogt-Schilb Pdf

Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Author : Pradeep Kurukulasuriya
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on African Cropland by Pradeep Kurukulasuriya Pdf

Abstract: This study examines the impact of climate change on cropland in Africa. It is based on a survey of more than 9,000 farmers in 11 countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The study uses a Ricardian cross-sectional approach in which net revenue is regressed on climate, water flow, soil, and economic variables. The results show that net revenues fall as precipitation falls or as temperatures warm across all the surveyed farms. In addition to examining all farms together, the study examined dryland and irrigated farms separately. Dryland farms are especially climate sensitive. Irrigated farms have a positive immediate response to warming because they are located in relatively cool parts of Africa. The study also examined some simple climate scenarios to see how Africa would respond to climate change. These uniform scenarios assume that only one aspect of climate changes and the change is uniform across all of Africa. In addition, the study examined three climate change scenarios from Atmospheric Oceanic General Circulation Models. These scenarios predicted changes in climate in each country over time. Not all countries are equally vulnerable to climate change. First, the climate scenarios predict different temperature and precipitation changes in each country. Second, it is also important whether a country is already hot and dry. Third, the extent to which farms are irrigated is also important.

Author : Ephraim Chirwa,Andrew Dorward
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199683529

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Agricultural Input Subsidies by Ephraim Chirwa,Andrew Dorward Pdf

This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.