Spatial Market Integration Of Food Markets During A Shock Evidence From Food Markets In Nigeria

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Spatial market integration of food markets during a shock: Evidence from food markets in Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L. Pdf

This paper uses comprehensive and long time series monthly food price data and a panel dyadic regression framework to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses on spatial market integration across a diverse set of food items in Nigeria. The empirical results reveal several important insights. First, we show that a significant slowdown in the speed of adjustment and price transmission occurred during the pandemic. For some food items, the speed of adjustment and, by implication, spatial market integration weakened by two- to-threefold after the pandemic outbreak. The effect was specially pronounced for perishable food items. Second, lockdown measures and the spread of the pandemic triggered additional dispersion in market prices across markets. For example, lockdown measures were associated with a 5–10 percent reduction in the speed of readjustment toward long-term equilibrium. Third, additional underlying attributes of markets, including lack of access to digital infrastructure and distance between markets, exacerbated impacts associated with the pandemic. For instance, access to Internet service reduced the slowdown in the speed of adjustment caused by the pandemic, but longer distances between market pairs induced greater slowdown in the speed of price transmission. Our findings offer important insights for revitalizing the efficiency of food markets affected by the pandemic. The heterogenous impacts of the pandemic across value chains and markets reinforce the need to properly target post-pandemic recovery interventions and investments. Finally, we offer some insights to reduce the vulnerability of food and market systems to disruptions in future pandemics or similar phenomena that inhibit food marketing and trade.

Author : Praveen Kumar Khosla,Mamta Mittal,Dolly Sharma,Lalit Mohan Goyal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789813342361

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Predictive and Preventive Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic by Praveen Kumar Khosla,Mamta Mittal,Dolly Sharma,Lalit Mohan Goyal Pdf

This book explores the inputs with regard to individuals and companies who have developed technologies and innovative solutions, bioinformatics, datasets, apps for diagnosis, etc., that can be leveraged for strengthening the fight against coronavirus. It focuses on technology solutions to stop Covid-19 outbreak and mitigate the risk. The book contains innovative ideas from active researchers who are presently working to find solutions, and they give insights to other researchers to explore the innovative methods and predictive modeling techniques. The novel applications and techniques of established technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), big data, computer vision and machine learning are discussed to fight the spread of this disease, Covid-19. This pandemic has triggered an unprecedented demand for digital health technology solutions and unleashing information technology to win over this pandemic.

Author : Abay, Kibrom A.,Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin,Breisinger, Clemens,Siddig, Khalid
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Evaluating cereal market (dis)integration in Sudan by Abay, Kibrom A.,Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin,Breisinger, Clemens,Siddig, Khalid Pdf

This paper evaluates spatial market and price transmission in cereal markets in Sudan, focusing on wheat and sorghum, two major cereal crops. We use comprehensive and long-ranging monthly cereal price data and a multivariate vector of error-correction cointegration models (VECM) to characterize both short-term and long-term price transmissions across local cereal markets. We find that among the 15 local wheat markets and 18 sorghum markets we can only detect significant spatial market integration among 7 wheat and 10 sorghum markets. Despite some strong spatial market integration among a few neighboring markets, there is no market integration between several regions. For example, cereal markets in Darfur are not integrated with cereal markets in the rest of the country. Among integrated markets, we observe significant variations in the strength of price transmission elasticities as well as speed of adjustment to longterm equilibrium, which implies that shocks (and price policies) in some markets can affect only some other markets. Most of the strong price transmission and spatial market dependence follow existing trade flows and road networks, insinuating that infrastructural barriers may be obstructing spatial market integration. We also find that markets in production surplus states are less responsive to price changes in neighboring markets than those located in cereal deficit states. Finally, we also observe relatively stronger spatial integration and short-term adjustment in sorghum markets than wheat markets. Shocks to sorghum prices in sorghum producing markets have permanent impact while shocks to wheat prices in wheat producing markets endure transitory effects. These findings have important policy implications for improving the efficiency of cereal markets in Sudan and other similar settings.

Author : Matthias Kalkuhl,Joachim von Braun,Maximo Torero
Publisher : Springer
Page : 626 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319282015

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Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy by Matthias Kalkuhl,Joachim von Braun,Maximo Torero Pdf

This book provides fresh insights into concepts, methods and new research findings on the causes of excessive food price volatility. It also discusses the implications for food security and policy responses to mitigate excessive volatility. The approaches applied by the contributors range from on-the-ground surveys, to panel econometrics and innovative high-frequency time series analysis as well as computational economics methods. It offers policy analysts and decision-makers guidance on dealing with extreme volatility.

Author : Jo Ann Paulson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349274833

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African Economies in Transition by Jo Ann Paulson Pdf

An authoritative assessment of the reform efforts in African economies during the 1980s and early 1990s, with the focus on economic liberalization in those socialist countries which began from a position of pervasive state intervention. A companion theoretical volume (0-333-66545-7) examines the changing role of the state during the period of transition. This volume examines the important debate on agricultural reforms in the period, and provides in-depth country studies of the transition economies, covering Congo, Madagascar, Tanzania and the impact of war on transition in Angola and Mozambique. These books are the first in an important new series in association with the Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Tiberti, Luca,Chamberlin, Jordan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Abay, Kibrom A.,Tiberti, Luca,Chamberlin, Jordan Pdf

This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 significantly reduces labor market participation and increases food prices. We find that impacts differ by economic activities and households. For instance, lockdown measures increased households' experience of food insecurity by 12 percentage points and reduced the probability of participation in non-farm business activities by 13 percentage points. These lockdown measures have smaller impacts on wage-related activities and farming activities. In terms of food security, households relying on non-farm businesses, poorer households, those with school-aged children, and those living in remote and conflicted-affected zones have experienced relatively larger deteriorations in food insecurity. These findings can help inform immediate and medium-term policy responses, including social protection policies aiming at ameliorating the impacts of the pandemic, as well as guide targeting strategies of governments and international donor agencies by identifying the most impacted sub-populations.

Author : Adam Prakash
Publisher : Bright Sparks
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Food prices
ISBN : UIUC:30112100846366

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Safeguarding Food Security in Volatile Global Markets by Adam Prakash Pdf

A timely publication as world leaders deliberate the causes of the latest bouts of food price volatility and search for solutions that address the recent velocity of financial, economic, political, demographic, and climatic change. As a collection compiled from a diverse group of economists, analysts, traders, institutions and policy formulators - comprising multiple methodologies and viewpoints - the book exposes the impact of volatility on global food security, with particular focus on the world's most vulnerable.

Author : Bruce L. Gardner,Gordon C. Rausser
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Agricultural credit
ISBN : UOM:39015043712788

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Handbook of Agricultural Economics by Bruce L. Gardner,Gordon C. Rausser Pdf

Author : Marshall Sarnat,G. P. Szegö
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Foreign exchange
ISBN : UOM:35128000022309

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International Finance and Trade by Marshall Sarnat,G. P. Szegö Pdf

Author : Jennifer Clapp,Marc J. Cohen
Publisher : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1554581982

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The Global Food Crisis by Jennifer Clapp,Marc J. Cohen Pdf

The global food crisis is a stark reminder of the fragility of the global food system. The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities captures the debate about how to go forward and examines the implications of the crisis for food security in the world’s poorest countries, both for the global environment and for the global rules and institutions that govern food and agriculture. In this volume, policy-makers and scholars assess the causes and consequences of the most recent food price volatility and examine the associated governance challenges and opportunities, including short-term emergency responses, the ecological dimensions of the crisis, and the longer-term goal of building sustainable global food systems. The recommendations include vastly increasing public investment in small-farm agriculture; reforming global food aid and food research institutions; establishing fairer international agricultural trade rules; promoting sustainable agricultural methods; placing agriculture higher on the post-Kyoto climate change agenda; revamping biofuel policies; and enhancing international agricultural policy-making. Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation

Author : Gaëlle Balineau,Arthur Bauer,Martin Kessler,Nicole Madariaga
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464815898

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Food Systems in Africa by Gaëlle Balineau,Arthur Bauer,Martin Kessler,Nicole Madariaga Pdf

Rapid population growth, poorly planned urbanization, and evolving agricultural production and distribution practices are changing foodways in African cities and creating challenges: Africans are increasingly facing hunger, undernutrition, and malnutrition. Yet change also creates new opportunities. The food economy currently is the main source of jobs on the continent, promising more employment in the near future in farming, food processing, and food product distribution. These opportunities are undermined, however, by inefficient links among farmers, intermediaries, and consumers, leading to the loss of one-third of all food produced. This volume is an in-depth analysis of food system shortcomings in three West African cities: Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; Rabat, Morocco; and Niamey, Niger. Using the lens of geographical economics and sociology, the authors draw on quantitative and qualitative field surveys and case studies to offer insightful analyses of political institutions. They show the importance of “hard†? physical infrastructure, such as transport, storage, and wholesale and retail market facilities. They also describe the “soft†? infrastructure of institutions that facilitate trade, such as interpersonal trust, market information systems, and business climates. The authors find that the vague mandates and limited capacities of national trade and agriculture ministries, regional and urban authorities, neighborhood councils, and market cooperatives often hamper policy interventions. This volume comes to a simple conclusion: international development policy makers and their financial and technical partners have neglected urban markets for far too long, and now is the time to rethink and reinvest in this complex yet crucial subject.

Author : David Dawe
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781136530395

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The Rice Crisis by David Dawe Pdf

The recent escalation of world food prices – particularly for cereals - prompted mass public indignation and demonstrations in many countries, from the price of tortilla flour in Mexico to that of rice in the Philippines and pasta in Italy. The crisis has important implications for future government trade and food security policies, as countries re-evaluate their reliance on potentially more volatile world markets to augment domestic supplies of staple foods. This book examines how government policies caused and responded to soaring world prices in the particular case of rice, which is the world's most important source of calories for the poor. Comparable case studies of policy reactions in different countries, principally across Asia, but also including the USA, provide the understanding necessary to evaluate the impact of trade policy on the food security of poor farmers and consumers. They also provide important insights into the concerns of developing countries that are relevant for future international trade negotiations in key agricultural commodities. As a result, more appropriate policies can be put in place to ensure more stable food supplies in the future. Published with the Food and Agriculture (FAO) Organization of the United Nations

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251343296

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The State of Food and Agriculture 2021 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerability of agrifood systems to shocks and stresses and led to increased global food insecurity and malnutrition. Action is needed to make agrifood systems more resilient, efficient, sustainable and inclusive. The State of Food and Agriculture 2021 presents country-level indicators of the resilience of agrifood systems. The indicators measure the robustness of primary production and food availability, as well as physical and economic access to food. They can thus help assess the capacity of national agrifood systems to absorb shocks and stresses, a key aspect of resilience. The report analyses the vulnerabilities of food supply chains and how rural households cope with risks and shocks. It discusses options to minimize trade-offs that building resilience may have with efficiency and inclusivity. The aim is to offer guidance on policies to enhance food supply chain resilience, support livelihoods in the agrifood system and, in the face of disruption, ensure sustainable access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to all.

Author : Abay, Kibrom A.,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Chamberlin, Jordan,Kassim, Yumna,Spielman, David J.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Digital tools and agricultural market transformation in Africa: Why are they not at scale yet, and what will it take to get there? by Abay, Kibrom A.,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Chamberlin, Jordan,Kassim, Yumna,Spielman, David J. Pdf

This paper presents results from a framed field experiment in which participants make decisions about extraction of a common-pool resource, a community forest. The experiment was designed and piloted as both a research activity and an experiential learning intervention during 2017-2018 with 120 groups of resource users (split by gender) from 60 habitations in two Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. We examine whether local beliefs and norms about community forest, gender of participants, within-experiment treatments (non-communication, communication, and optional election of institutional arrangements (rules)) and remuneration methods affect harvest behaviour and groups’ tendency to cooperate. Furthermore, we explore whether the experiment and subsequent community debriefing had learning effects. Results reveal a “weak” Nash Equilibrium in which participants harvested substantially less than the Nash prediction even in the absence of communication, a phenomenon stronger for male than female participants in both states. For male groups in both states, both communication and optional rule election are associated with lower group harvest per round, as compared to the reference non-communication game. For female groups in both states, however, communication itself did not significantly slow down resource depletion; but the introduction of optional rule election did reduce harvest amounts. For both men and women in Andhra Pradesh and men in Rajasthan, incentivized payments to individual participants significantly lowered group harvest, relative to community flat payment, suggesting a possible “crowding-in” effect on pro-social norms. Despite the generally positive memory of the activity, reported actual changes are limited. This may be due to the lack of follow-up with the communities between the experiment and the revisit. The fact that many of the communities already have a good understanding of the importance of the relationships between (not) cutting trees and the ecosystem services from forests, with rules and strong internal norms against cutting that go beyond the felling of trees in the game, may have also meant that the game did not have as much to add. Findings have methodological and practical implications for designing behavioral intervention programs to improve common-pool resource governance.

Author : Michal Andrle,Patrick Blagrave
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513549163

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Agricultural Market Integration in India by Michal Andrle,Patrick Blagrave Pdf

We assess the degree of cross-market price discrepancy (a proxy for market integration), its evolution over time, and proximate determinants, using monthly price data for 21 agricultural goods and 60 markets in India. Econometric analysis shows that cross-market price integration is positively associated with the level of transportation infrastructure, and distance between market pairs. There is no robust evidence that price integration has increased in recent years, suggesting that any positive effects of recent policy initiatives are either small, outweighed by the identified determinants of integration, or yet to come.