Climate Dependence And Food Problems In Russia 1900 1990

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Climate Dependence and Food Problems in Russia, 1900-1990

Nikolai M. Dronin,Edward G. Bellinger
Climate Dependence and Food Problems in Russia 1900 1990 Book PDF

Author : Nikolai M. Dronin,Edward G. Bellinger
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9786155053689

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Climate Dependence and Food Problems in Russia, 1900-1990 by Nikolai M. Dronin,Edward G. Bellinger Pdf

Between 1900 and 1990 there were several periods of grain and other food shortages in Russia and the former Soviet Union, some of which reached disaster proportions resulting in mass famine and death on an unprecedented scale. New stocks of information not previously accessible as well as traditional official and other sources have been used to explore the extent to which policy and vagaries in climate conspired to affect agricultural yields. Were the leaders' (Stalin, Krushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev) policies sound in theory but failed in practice because of unpredictable weather? How did the Soviet peasants react to these changes? What impact did Soviet agriculture have on the overall economy of the country? These are all questions that are taken into account. The book is arranged in chapters representing different time periods. In each the policy of the central government is discussed followed by the climate vagaries during that period. Crop yields are then analyzed in the light of policy and climate.

Crop Adaptation to Climate Change

Shyam Singh Yadav,Robert J. Redden,Jerry L. Hatfield,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Anthony E. Hall
Crop Adaptation to Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Shyam Singh Yadav,Robert J. Redden,Jerry L. Hatfield,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Anthony E. Hall
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780813820163

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Crop Adaptation to Climate Change by Shyam Singh Yadav,Robert J. Redden,Jerry L. Hatfield,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Anthony E. Hall Pdf

A major task of our time is to ensure adequate food supplies for the world's current population (now nearing 7 billion) in a sustainable way while protecting the vital functions and biological diversity of the global environment. The task of providing for a growing population is likely to be even more difficult in view of actual and potential changes in climatic conditions due to global warming, and as the population continues to grow. Current projections suggest that the world's temperatures will rise 1.8-4.0 by 2100 and population may reach 8 billion by the year 2025 and some 9 billion by mid-century, after which it may stabilize. This book addresses these critical issues by presenting the science needed not only to understand climate change effects on crops but also to adapt current agricultural systems, particularly in regard to genetics, to the changing conditions. Crop Adaptation to Climate Change covers a spectrum of issues related to both crops and climatic conditions. The first two sections provide a foundation on the factors involved in climate stress, assessing current climate change by region and covering crop physiological responses to these changes. The third and final section contains chapters focused on specific crops and the current research to improve their genetic adaptation to climate change. Written by an international team of authors, Crop Adaptation to Climate Change is a timely look at the potentially serious consequences of climate change for our global food supply, and is an essential resource for academics, researchers and professionals in the fields of crop science, agronomy, plant physiology and molecular biology; crop consultants and breeders; as well as climate and food scientists.

KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture

Manfred Frühauf,Georg Guggenberger,Tobias Meinel,Insa Theesfeld,Sebastian Lentz
KULUNDA Climate Smart Agriculture Book PDF

Author : Manfred Frühauf,Georg Guggenberger,Tobias Meinel,Insa Theesfeld,Sebastian Lentz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030159276

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KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture by Manfred Frühauf,Georg Guggenberger,Tobias Meinel,Insa Theesfeld,Sebastian Lentz Pdf

This book focuses on a representative example and one of the world’s largest steppe conversions, and provides a detailed overview of the results of the BMBF-funded research project KULUNDA. As part of the Siberian virgin land policy, the Kulunda steppe was transformed into agricultural land from 1954 to 1965. In the course of the project, a multidisciplinary research team conducted a natural, social-economic and agro-scientific cause-and-effect analysis of (agro-)ecosystem destabilisation, as well as various field trials covering tillage and crop rotation options in their socio-economic context. The ecologically and economically sound findings offer strategies for combining climate smart land utilization, ecosystem restoration and sustainable regional development, and can readily be applied to other virgin land conversion efforts. In addition, the findings on the Eurasian steppes will expand the current conversion literature, which mainly consists of the ‘Dust Bowl’ literature of the North American plains. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists, professionals, and students in the environmental, geo- and climate sciences.

The Russian Cold

Julia Herzberg,Andreas Renner,Ingrid Schierle
The Russian Cold Book PDF

Author : Julia Herzberg,Andreas Renner,Ingrid Schierle
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781800731288

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The Russian Cold by Julia Herzberg,Andreas Renner,Ingrid Schierle Pdf

Cold has long been a fixture of Russian identity both within and beyond the borders of Russia and the Soviet Union, even as the ongoing effects of climate change complicate its meaning and cultural salience. The Russian Cold assembles fascinating new contributions from a variety of scholarly traditions, offering new perspectives on how to understand this mainstay of Russian culture and history. In chapters encompassing such diverse topics as polar exploration, the Eastern Front in World War II, and the iconography of hockey, it explores the multiplicity and ambiguity of “cold” in the Russian context and demonstrates the value of environmental-historical research for enriching national and imperial histories.

Environmental Security in Watersheds: The Sea of Azov

Viktor Lagutov
Environmental Security in Watersheds The Sea of Azov Book PDF

Author : Viktor Lagutov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400724624

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Environmental Security in Watersheds: The Sea of Azov by Viktor Lagutov Pdf

Watersheds, supplying crucial ecosystem services to humans, seem to be a logical territorial unit to integrate societal benefits and environmental needs in order to evaluate the sustainability of natural resource use patterns. Based on this belief the book is an attempt to initiate a comprehensive environmental security assessment in the basin of the Azov Sea, shared by Russia and Ukraine. Though the region provides a variety of essential services and plays a strategic role in national and international development plans, it has been excluded from most regional environmental discussions. At the same time there is an alarming degradation rate of basin freshwater ecosystems that has occurred due to overutilization of certain prioritized services (e.g. transportation). The collapse of neglected services (e.g. fishery and freshwater supply) poses serious threats to the national economies as well as the local population, and to mitigate these threats priority in water management should be given to securing sustainability of the regional freshwater ecosystems. In addition to the review of the current status of Azov ecosystem services, the authors analyze likely future availability and challenges. The relevant experience derived from basin management of the Black Sea and other similar basins is also discussed.

Rescue of Sturgeon Species in the Ural River Basin

Viktor Lagutov
Rescue of Sturgeon Species in the Ural River Basin Book PDF

Author : Viktor Lagutov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781402089244

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Rescue of Sturgeon Species in the Ural River Basin by Viktor Lagutov Pdf

While almost every aspect of society-nature interactions can be treated as an environmental security issue, the threats to human societies originating from inadequate freshwater management constitute one of the most wi- spread and pressing problems. For thousands of years rivers and river valleys have been the cradle of human civilizations. Rivers have provided not only food and freshwater, but also shelter and means of transportation, and they are still an essential component in every national and regional economy. In turn, growing needs of human societies, accompanied by growing abilities, have caused significant river alterations and ecosystem changes that have resulted in river contamination, biodiversity loss and general riverine ecosystem degradation. The extinction of sturgeon species is one of the most eloquent examples of the negative and irreversible influence of human society on river e- systems. The sturgeon, sometimes called the “living fossil” or living “dinosaur” of the fish world, is known to have lived since the time of the dinosaurs, for at least 250 million years, and is currently on the verge of extinction solely due to anthropogenic impacts.

Exploring and Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes

Lothar Mueller,Viktor G. Sychev,Nikolai M. Dronin,Frank Eulenstein
Exploring and Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes Book PDF

Author : Lothar Mueller,Viktor G. Sychev,Nikolai M. Dronin,Frank Eulenstein
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 735 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030674489

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Exploring and Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes by Lothar Mueller,Viktor G. Sychev,Nikolai M. Dronin,Frank Eulenstein Pdf

The book informs about agricultural landscapes, their features, functions and regulatory mechanisms. It characterizes agricultural production systems, trends of their development, and their impacts on the landscape. Agricultural landscapes are multifunctional systems, coupled with all nexus problems of the 21th century. This has led to serious discrepancies between agriculture and environment, and between urban and rural population. The mission, key topics and methods of research in order to understanding, monitoring and controlling processes in rural landscapes is being explained. Studies of international expert teams, many of them from Russia, demonstrate approaches towards both improving agricultural productivity and sustainability, and enhancing ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes. Scientists of different disciplines, decision makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with the evolvement of thriving rural landscapes are the primary audience of this book.

Imperial Russia's Muslims

Mustafa Tuna
Imperial Russia s Muslims Book PDF

Author : Mustafa Tuna
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107032491

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Imperial Russia's Muslims by Mustafa Tuna Pdf

Investigates the entangled transformations of Russia's Muslim communities from the late eighteenth century through to the First World War. Drawing from a wealth of Russian and Turkish sources, Mustafa Tuna surveys the transformation of Imperial Russia's oldest Muslim community: the Volga-Ural Muslims.

The Soviet Famine of 1946-47 in Global and Historical Perspective

N. Ganson
The Soviet Famine of 1946 47 in Global and Historical Perspective Book PDF

Author : N. Ganson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230620964

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The Soviet Famine of 1946-47 in Global and Historical Perspective by N. Ganson Pdf

This book illuminates a little-known but tremendously significant twentieth-century crisis in the Soviet Union. Drawing on archival materials declassified since the fall of communism, Nicholas Ganson situates the famine of 1946-47 at the crossroads of Soviet social and political history, World War II, the Cold War, ideology, and famine in the modern world. He sheds light on the perspectives of Soviet elites and gives voice to the famine s victims. In revealing the multi-causality of the postwar hunger, this ambitious work challenges the received wisdom about the relationship between politics and famine.

Towards a Political Economy of Degrowth

Ekaterina Chertkovskaya,Alexander Paulsson,Stefania Barca
Towards a Political Economy of Degrowth Book PDF

Author : Ekaterina Chertkovskaya,Alexander Paulsson,Stefania Barca
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786608970

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Towards a Political Economy of Degrowth by Ekaterina Chertkovskaya,Alexander Paulsson,Stefania Barca Pdf

Since the 1970s, the degrowth idea has been proposed by scholars, public intellectuals and activists as a powerful call to reject the obsession of neoliberal capitalism with economic growth, an obsession which continues apace despite the global ecological crisis and rising inequalities. In the past decade, degrowth has gained momentum and become an umbrella term for various social movements which strive for ecologically sustainable and socially just alternatives that would transform the world we live in. How to move forward in an informed way, without reproducing the existing hierarchies and injustices? How not to end up in a situation when ecological sustainability is the prerogative of the privileged, direct democracy is ignorant of environmental issues, and localisation of production is xenophobic? These are some of the questions that have inspired this edited collection. Bringing degrowth into dialogue with critical social theories, covering previously unexplored geographical contexts and discussing some of the most contested concepts in degrowth, the book hints at informed paths towards socio-ecological transformation.

The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle?

Zsuzsanna Varga
The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle Book PDF

Author : Zsuzsanna Varga
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781793634368

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The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle? by Zsuzsanna Varga Pdf

This book examines Soviet agriculture in post-1945 Hungary. It demonstrates how the agrarian lobby, a development following the 1956 revolution, led to contact with the West which allowed for the creation of an effective agricultural system. The author argues that this ‘Hungarian agricultural miracle,’ a hybrid of American technology and Soviet structures, was fundamental to the success of Hungarian collectivization.

Russian History through the Senses

Matthew P. Romaniello,Tricia Starks
Russian History through the Senses Book PDF

Author : Matthew P. Romaniello,Tricia Starks
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781474263153

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Russian History through the Senses by Matthew P. Romaniello,Tricia Starks Pdf

Bringing together an impressive cast of well-respected scholars in the field of modern Russian studies, Russian History through the Senses investigates life in Russia from 1700 to the present day via the senses. It examines past experiences of taste, touch, smell, sight and sound to capture a vivid impression of what it was to have lived in the Russian world, so uniquely placed as it is between East and West, during the last three hundred years. The book discusses the significance of sensory history in relation to modern Russia and covers a range of exciting case studies, rich with primary source material, that provide a stimulating way of understanding modern Russia at a visceral level. Russian History through the Senses is a novel text that is of great value to scholars and students interested in modern Russian studies.

Images of Otherness in Russia, 1547-1917

Kati Parppei,Bulat Rakhimzianov
Images of Otherness in Russia 1547 1917 Book PDF

Author : Kati Parppei,Bulat Rakhimzianov
Publisher : Academic Studies PRess
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9798887191485

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Images of Otherness in Russia, 1547-1917 by Kati Parppei,Bulat Rakhimzianov Pdf

Defining the Others, “them”, in relation to one’s own reference group, “us”, has been an essential phase in the formation of collective identities in any given country or region. In the case of Russia, the formulation of these binary definitions – sometimes taking a form of enemy images – can be traced all the way to medieval texts, in which religion represented the dividing line. Further, the ongoing expansion of the empire transferred numerous “external others” into internal minorities. The chapters of this edited volume examine the development and contexts of various images, perceptions and categories of the Others in Russia from the 16th century Muscovy to the collapse of the Russian empire.

Hungry and Starving

James R. Gibson
Hungry and Starving Book PDF

Author : James R. Gibson
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780228020011

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Hungry and Starving by James R. Gibson Pdf

In the wake of Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, various protagonists grappled to become his successor, but it was not until 1928 that Joseph Stalin emerged as leader of the Russian Marxists’ Bolshevik wing. Surrounded by an increasingly hostile capitalist world, Stalin reasoned that Soviet Russia had to industrialize in order to survive and prosper. But domestic capital was scarce, so the country’s minerals, timber, and grain were sold abroad for hard currency for funding the development of heavy industry. Claiming total control of agricultural management and production, Stalin implemented the collectivization of farming, consolidating small peasant holdings into large collective farms and controlling their output. The program was economically successful, but it came at a high social cost as the state encountered intense resistance, and between 1928 and 1934 collectivization led to the deaths of at least ten million people from starvation and associated diseases. Hungry and Starving elicits the voices of both the culprits and the victims at the centre of this horrific process. Through primary accounts of collectivization as well as the eyewitness observations of ambassadors, reporters, tourists, fellow travellers, Russian emigrés, tsarist officials, aristocrats, scientists, and technical specialists, James Gibson engages the crucial notions and actors in the academic discourse of the period. He finds that the famine lasted longer than is commonly supposed, that it took place on a national rather than a regional scale, and that while the famine was entirely man-made – the result of the ruthless manner in which collectivization was executed and enforced – it was neither deliberate nor ethnically motivated, given that it was not in the Soviet state’s economic or political interest to engage in genocide. Highlighting the experiences of life and death under Stalin’s ruthless regime, Hungry and Starving offers a broader understanding of the Great Soviet Famine.

Corn Crusade

Aaron T. Hale-Dorrell
Corn Crusade Book PDF

Author : Aaron T. Hale-Dorrell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190644697

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Corn Crusade by Aaron T. Hale-Dorrell Pdf

Corn Crusade: Khrushchev's Farming Revolution in the Post-Stalin Soviet Union is the first history of Nikita Khrushchev's venture to cover the Soviet Union in corn, a crop common globally but hitherto rare in his country. Lasting from 1953 until 1964, this crusade was an emblematic component of his efforts to resolve agrarian crises inherited from Joseph Stalin. Using policies and propaganda to pressure farms to expand corn plantings tenfold, Khrushchev expected the resulting bounty to feed not people, but the livestock necessary to produce the meat and dairy products required to make good on his frequent pledges that the Soviet Union was soon to "catch up to and surpass America." This promised to enrich citizens' hitherto monotonous diets and score a victory in the Cold War, which was partly recast as a "peaceful competition" between communism and capitalism. Khrushchev's former comrades derided corn as one of his "harebrained schemes" when ousting him in October 1964. Echoing them, scholars have ridiculed it as an "irrational obsession," blaming the failure on climatic conditions. Corn Crusade brings a more complex and revealing history to light. Borrowing technologies from the United States, Khrushchev expected farms in the Soviet Union to increase productivity because he believed that innovations developed under capitalism promised greater returns under socialism. These technologies generated results in many economic, social, and climatic contexts after World War II but fell short in the Soviet Union. Attempting to make agriculture more productive and ameliorate exploitative labor practices established in the 1930s, Khrushchev achieved only partial reform of rural economic life. Enjoying authority over formal policy, Khrushchev stood atop an undisciplined hierarchy of bureaucracies, local authorities, and farmworkers. Weighing competing incentives, they flouted his authority by doing enough to avoid penalties, but too little to produce even modest harvests of corn, let alone the bumper crops the leader envisioned.