Climate Stabilization Targets

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-03-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309151764

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Climate Stabilization Targets by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Pdf

Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.

Author : David A. Raitzer,Francesco Bosello,Massimo Tavoni,Carlo Orecchia,Giacomo Marangoni,Jindra Nuella G. Samson
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789292573058

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Southeast Asia and the Economics of Global Climate Stabilization by David A. Raitzer,Francesco Bosello,Massimo Tavoni,Carlo Orecchia,Giacomo Marangoni,Jindra Nuella G. Samson Pdf

Climate change is a global concern of special relevance to Southeast Asia, a region that is both vulnerable to the effects of climate change and a rapidly increasing emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study focuses on five countries of Southeast Asia that collectively account for 90% of regional GHG emissions in recent years---Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It applies two global dynamic economy–energy–environment models under an array of scenarios that reflect potential regimes for regulating global GHG emissions through 2050. The modeling identifies the potential economic costs of climate inaction for the region, how the countries can most efficiently achieve GHG emission mitigation, and the consequences of mitigation, both in terms of benefits and costs. Drawing on the modeling results, the study analyzes climate-related policies and identifies how further action can be taken to ensure low-carbon growth.

Author : John Theodore Houghton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : UCR:31210024787556

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Stabilization of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases by John Theodore Houghton Pdf

Author : Brian Dawson,Matt Spannagle
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2008-11-28
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781134021246

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The Complete Guide to Climate Change by Brian Dawson,Matt Spannagle Pdf

For anyone trying to separate the fact from the fiction, The Complete Guide to Climate Change is an indispensable resource. Taking you through the A to Z of the key scientific, geographical and socio-political issues involved in the study of the environment and the implications of mankind’s effect upon it, topics covered include: environmental Science – the Carbon Cycle and the "Greenhouse Gases" the impacts of climate change on life, land and sea mitigation strategies from carbon capture to carbon taxes the Kyoto Protocol and UNFCC renewable fuel sources, from wind to solar power. Including guides to the latest scientific and governmental thinking on climate change, this book will tell you all you need to know about perhaps the biggest issue facing mankind today.

Author : Govinda R. Timilsina
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Atmospheric Stabilization of Co2 Emissions by Govinda R. Timilsina Pdf

Abstract: This study analyzes CO2 emissions reduction targets for various countries and geopolitical regions by the year 2030 in order to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of CO2 at the level of 450 ppm (550 ppm including non CO2 greenhouse gases). It also determines CO2 intensity cuts that would be needed in those countries and regions if the emission reductions were achieved through intensity-based targets while assuming no effect on forecasted economic growth. Considering that the stabilization of CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm requires the global trend of CO2 emissions to reverse before 2030, this study develops two scenarios: reversing the global CO2 trend in (i) 2020 and (ii) 2025. The study shows that global CO2 emissions would be 42 percent above the 1990 level in 2030 if the increasing trend of global CO2 emissions is reversed by 2020. If reversing the trend is delayed by 5 years, the 2030 global CO2 emissions would be 52 percent higher than the 1990 level. The study also finds that to achieve these targets while maintaining assumed economic growth, the global average CO2 intensity would require a 68 percent drop from the 1990 level or a 60 percent drop from the 2004 level by 2030.

Author : Florentin Krause,Wilfrid Bach,Jon Koomey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134050987

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Energy Policy in the Greenhouse by Florentin Krause,Wilfrid Bach,Jon Koomey Pdf

The globe is warming and while no one knows what will happen as a result, it is clear that slowing the process is a necessary goal. Other studies have considered 'warming fates', this one brings sophisticated computer modeling to bear on ways of minimizing the risks. Fossil carbon emissions, other trace gases and releases from other sources are all taken into account, and the authors demonstrate the global need to produce a budget for cumulative releases between now and the year 2100. They also demonstrate the need to return to a rate of forest carbon storage equal to that of the mid-1980s. These budgets look at issues of international equity and the ways of moving to a binding agreement. The price of failure to control GHG emissions may be uncertain, but it will be more than anyone can afford. Political will lies at the root of successful climate stabilization and major capital and technology transfers to Third World countries will be needed if there is to be any chance of success. This book provides an agenda for advance.A book [which] throws into stark relief the mountain still to be climbed before the world community can agree on a credible programme to tackle global warming. David Thomas, Financial Times Originally published in 1991

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309208932

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Climate Stabilization Targets by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Pdf

Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050242515

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S. 1008, the Climate Change Strategy and Technology Innovation Act of 2001 by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs Pdf

Author : Carlo Carraro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789401591690

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International Environmental Agreements on Climate Change by Carlo Carraro Pdf

Climate change is one of the major environmental concern of many countries in the world. Negotiations to control potential climate changes have been taking place, from Rio to Kyoto, for the last five years. There is a widespread consciousness that the risk of incurring in relevant economic and environmental losses due to climate change is high. Scientific analyses have become more and more precise on the likely impacts of climate change. According to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, current trends in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions may indeed cause the average global temperature to increase by 1-3. 5 °C over the next 100 years. As a result, sea levels are expected to rise by 15 to 95 em and climate zones to shift towards the poles by 150 to 550 km in mid latitudes. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, the IPCC report concludes that a stabilization of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide - one of the major GHGs - at 550 parts per million by volume (ppmv) is recommended. This would imply a reduction of global emissions of about 50 per cent with respect to current levels. In this context, countries are negotiating to achieve a world-wide agreement on GHGs emissions control in order to stabilize climate changes. Despite the agreement on targets achieved in Kyoto, many issues still remain unresolved.

Author : Henry Lee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015031709424

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Shaping National Responses to Climate Change by Henry Lee Pdf

Explores methods of designing, implementing, and gaining political support for strategies and policies to reduce greenhouse gases. Assesses the economic, policy, and management trade-offs.

Author : Sten Nilsson,David Pitt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134056095

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Protecting the Atmosphere by Sten Nilsson,David Pitt Pdf

'The authors take us into less-known corridors of climate Realpolitik and energy power play. We are provided with the essential vocabulary to understand what is at stake and how the challenge should be tackled' Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan Global warming and the resulting climate change present one of the greatest potential threats humanity has had to face. Every country contributes to them and they affect every person. Correspondingly, the Framework Convention on Climate Change, negotiated at the Earth Summit and since, is potentially one of the most significant international agreements ever reached and its successful implementation is vital if the threat is to be averted. This book provides a guide to the Convention and explains in very clear terms what is involved: the background which makes it so necessary; the tortuous process involved in negotiating it; what it says; and most importantly, how it must be interpreted and implemented, making clear the scale of the changes involved and the dangers of evading them. Sten Nilsson is leader of the forest resources project at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. David Pitt is a consultant to the Bellerive Foundation and Alp Action. They are the authors of Mountain World in Danger, published by Earthscan in 1991. Originally published in 1994

Author : Johan Eliasch
Publisher : TSO
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : MINN:31951D02147151O

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Climate Change by Johan Eliasch Pdf

Provides an analysis of international financing to reduce forest loss and its associated impacts on climate change. Focuses on the scale of finance required to produce significant reductions in forest carbon emissions, and the mechanisms that, if designed well, can achieve effectively to help meet a global climate stabilization target.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1015380206

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Climate Stabilization at 2°C and Net Zero Carbon Emissions by Anonim Pdf

The goal to stabilize global average surface temperature at lower than 2°C above pre-industrial level has been extensively discussed in climate negotiations. A number of publications state that achieving this goal will require net anthropogenic carbon emissions (defined as anthropogenic emissions minus anthropogenic sinks such as carbon capture and sequestration and reforestation) to be reduced to zero between years 2050 and 2100. At the same time, it is also shown in the literature that decreases of non-CO2 emissions can significantly affect the allowable carbon budget. In this study, we explore possible emission pathways under which surface warming will not exceed 2°C, by means of emission-driven climate simulations with an Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity linked to an Economic Projection and Policy Analysis Model. We carried out a number of simulations from 1861 to 2500 for different values of parameters defining the strength of the climate system response to radiative forcing and the strength of the natural carbon sources and sinks under different anthropogenic emission projections. Although net anthropogenic emissions need to be reduced to zero eventually to achieve climate stabilization, the results of our simulations suggest that, by including significant reductions in non-CO2 emissions, net carbon emissions do not have to be zero by 2050 or even 2100 to meet the 2°C target because of offsets due to the natural carbon sinks in the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. We show that net anthropogenic carbon emissions falling from today’s 9.5 GtC/year to 2.5–7 GtC/year by 2050 and then to 1–2.8 GtC/year by 2100 are consistent with a 2°C target for a range of climate sensitivities (2.0–4.5°C) similar to the IPCC likely range. Changes in the surface temperature beyond 2100 depend on the emission profiles after 2100. For post-2100 carbon emissions decreasing at a rate of about 1.5% per year along with continued decreases in non-CO2 emissions, our projections indicate that natural ecosystems will be able to absorb enough carbon to prevent surface temperature from rising further. A major reason for our results is that the land and ocean uptake rates are a function of the total atmospheric CO2 concentration and, due to the very long lifetime of CO2, this does not decrease anywhere near as fast as the imposed CO2 emissions. The required mixes of energy technologies and the overall costs to achieve the 2°C target are highly dependent on the assumptions about the future costs of low-carbon and zero-carbon emitting technologies. In all our projections, the global energy system requires substantial transformations in a relatively short time.

Author : Gunnar Fermann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Science
ISBN : UVA:35007002458192

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International Politics of Climate Change by Gunnar Fermann Pdf

A crucial question in years to come will be how states can circumvent the obstacles to improving the current climate change, problem-solving regime. These obstacles may be related to the basically anarchic logic of the international political system, the self-serving and often short-sighted motivation of national decision-makers, and - in all probability - the high costs involved in mitigating the problem of climate change.

Author : Alexander Golub,Anil Markandya
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2008-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134041206

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Modeling Environment-Improving Technological Innovations Under Uncertainty by Alexander Golub,Anil Markandya Pdf

The issues of technology and uncertainty are very much at the heart of the policy debate of how much to control greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of doing so are present and high while the benefits are very much in the future and, most importantly, they are highly uncertain. Whilst there is broad consensus on the key elements of climate change science and agreement that near-term actions are needed to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, there is little agreement on the costs and benefits of climate policy. The book looks at different ways of reconciling the needs for sustainability and equity with the costs of action now. Presenting a compendium of methodologies for evaluating the economic impact of technological innovation upon climate-change policy, this book describes mathematical models and their predictions. The goal is to provide a practitioner’s guide for doing the science of economics and climate change. Because the assumptions motivating different problems in the economics of climate change have different complexities, a number of models are presented with varying levels of difficulty: reduced-form and structural, partial- and general-equilibrium, closed-form and computational. A unifying theme of these models is the incorporation of a number of price and quantity instruments and an analysis of their respective efficacies. This book presents models that contain structural uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty that economic agents respond to via their risk attitudes. The novelty of this book is to relate the effects of risk and risk attitudes to environment-improving technological innovation.