Cluster Randomised Trials

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Cluster Randomised Trials

Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton
Cluster Randomised Trials Book PDF

Author : Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781315353234

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Cluster Randomised Trials by Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton Pdf

Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages of cluster randomisation, with special attention given to evaluating the effects of interventions against infectious diseases. Avoiding unnecessary mathematical detail, the book covers basic concepts underlying the use of cluster randomisation, such as direct, indirect, and total effects. In the time since the publication of the first edition, the use of cluster randomised trials (CRTs) has increased substantially, which is reflected in the updates to this edition. There are greatly expanded sections on randomisation, sample size estimation, and alternative designs, including new material on stepped wedge designs. There is a new section on handling ordinal outcome data, and an appendix with descriptions and/or generating code of the example data sets. Although the book mainly focuses on medical and public health applications, it shows that the rigorous evidence of intervention effects provided by CRTs has the potential to inform public policy in a wide range of other areas. The book encourages readers to apply the methods to their own trials, reproduce the analyses presented, and explore alternative approaches.

A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research

Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry
A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research Book PDF

Author : Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470510476

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A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research by Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry Pdf

Cluster randomised trials are trials in which groups (or clusters) of individuals are randomly allocated to different forms of treatment. In health care, these trials often compare different ways of managing a disease or promoting healthy living, in contrast to conventional randomised trials which randomise individuals to different treatments, classically comparing new drugs with a placebo. They are increasingly common in health services research. This book addresses the statistical, practical, and ethical issues arising from allocating groups of individuals, or clusters, to different interventions. Key features: Guides readers through the stages of conducting a trial, from recruitment to reporting. Presents a wide range of examples with particular emphasis on trials in health services research and primary care, with both principles and techniques explained. Topics are specifically presented in the order in which investigators think about issues when they are designing a trial. Combines information on the latest developments in the field together with a practical guide to the design and implementation of cluster randomised trials. Explains principles and techniques through numerous examples including many from the authors own experience. Includes a wide range of references for those who wish to read further. This book is intended as a practical guide, written for researchers from the health professions including doctors, psychologists, and allied health professionals, as well as statisticians involved in the design, execution, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. Those with a more general interest will find the plentiful examples illuminating.

How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research

Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
How to Design Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119992028

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How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research by Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters Pdf

A complete guide to understanding cluster randomised trials Written by two researchers with extensive experience in the field, this book presents a complete guide to the design, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. It spans a wide range of applications: trials in developing countries, trials in primary care, trials in the health services. A key feature is the use of R code and code from other popular packages to plan and analyse cluster trials, using data from actual trials. The book contains clear technical descriptions of the models used, and considers in detail the ethics involved in such trials and the problems in planning them. For readers and students who do not intend to run a trial but wish to be a critical reader of the literature, there are sections on the CONSORT statement, and exercises in reading published trials. Written in a clear, accessible style Features real examples taken from the authors’ extensive practitioner experience of designing and analysing clinical trials Demonstrates the use of R, Stata and SPSS for statistical analysis Includes computer code so the reader can replicate all the analyses Discusses neglected areas such as ethics and practical issues in running cluster randomised trials How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research provides an excellent reference tool and can be read with profit by statisticians, health services researchers, systematic reviewers and critical readers of cluster randomised trials.

Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research

Allan Donner,Neil Klar
Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research Book PDF

Author : Allan Donner,Neil Klar
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470711000

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Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research by Allan Donner,Neil Klar Pdf

A cluster randomization trial is one in which intact social units, or clusters of individuals, are randomized to different intervention groups. Trials randomizing clusters have become particularly widespread in the evaluation of non-therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, educational programmes and innovations in the provision of health care. The increasing popularity of this design among health researchers over the past two decades has led to an extensive body of methodology on the subject. This is the first book to present a systematic and united treatment of this topic; it contains distinctive chapters on the history of cluster randomized trials, ethical issues and reporting guidelines.

Design and Analysis of Group-randomized Trials

David M. Murray
Design and Analysis of Group randomized Trials Book PDF

Author : David M. Murray
Publisher : Monographs in Epidemiology and
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195120363

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Design and Analysis of Group-randomized Trials by David M. Murray Pdf

Community or group-randomized trials, which are usually done to evaluate the effect of health promotion effors. It reviews the underlying issues, describes the most widely used research design, and presents the many approaches to analysis that are now available.

Designing Randomised Trials in Health, Education and the Social Sciences

D. Torgerson
Designing Randomised Trials in Health Education and the Social Sciences Book PDF

Author : D. Torgerson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-03-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230583993

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Designing Randomised Trials in Health, Education and the Social Sciences by D. Torgerson Pdf

The book focuses on the design of rigorous trials rather than their statistical underpinnings, with chapters on: pragmatic designs; placebo designs; preference approaches; unequal allocation; economics; analytical approaches; randomization methods. It also includes a detailed description of randomization procedures and different trial designs.

Field Trials of Health Interventions

Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross
Field Trials of Health Interventions Book PDF

Author : Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198732860

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Field Trials of Health Interventions by Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross Pdf

"IEA, International Epidemiological Association, Welcome Trust."

Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

John N.S. Matthews
Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : John N.S. Matthews
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781420011302

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Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials by John N.S. Matthews Pdf

Evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials is widely accepted as the only sound basis for assessing the efficacy of new medical treatments. Statistical methods play a key role in all stages of these trials, including their justification, design, and analysis. This second edition of Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials prov

Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures

Kamal M.F. Itani,Domenic J. Reda
Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures Book PDF

Author : Kamal M.F. Itani,Domenic J. Reda
Publisher : Springer
Page : 495 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319538778

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Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures by Kamal M.F. Itani,Domenic J. Reda Pdf

The aim of this text is to provide the framework for building a clinical trial as it pertains to operative and non operative invasive procedures, how to get it funded and how to conduct such a trial up to publication of results The text provides all details of building a scientifically and ethically valid proposal, including how to build the infrastructure for a clinical trial and how to move it forward through various funding agencies. The text also presents various types of clinical trials, the use of implantable devices and FDA requirements, and adjuncts to clinical trials and interaction with industry Clinical Trials Design in Invasive Operative and Non Operative Procedures will be of interest to all specialists of surgery, anesthesiologists, interventional radiologists, gastroenterologists, cardiologists, and pulmonologists

Data Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials

Susan S. Ellenberg,Thomas R. Fleming,David L. DeMets
Data Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : Susan S. Ellenberg,Thomas R. Fleming,David L. DeMets
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2003-01-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780470854150

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Data Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials by Susan S. Ellenberg,Thomas R. Fleming,David L. DeMets Pdf

There has been substantial growth in the use of data monitoring committees in recent years, by both government agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. This growth has been brought about by increasing recognition of the value of such committees in safeguarding trial participants as well as protecting trial integrity and the validity of conclusions. This very timely book describes the operation of data monitoring committees, and provides an authoritative guide to their establishment, purpose and responsibilities. * Provides a practical overview of data monitoring in clinical trials. * Describes the purpose, responsibilities and operation of data monitoring committees. * Provides directly applicable advice for those managing and conducting clinical trials, and those serving on data monitoring committees. * Gives insight into clinical data monitoring to those sitting on regulatory and ethical committees. * Discusses issues pertinent to those working in clinical trials in both the US and Europe. The practical guidance provided by this book will be of use to professionals working in and/or managing clinical trials, in academic, government and industry settings, particularly medical statisticians, clinicians, trial co-ordinators, and those working in regulatory affairs and bioethics.

Methods and Applications of Sample Size Calculation and Recalculation in Clinical Trials

Meinhard Kieser
Methods and Applications of Sample Size Calculation and Recalculation in Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : Meinhard Kieser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030495282

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Methods and Applications of Sample Size Calculation and Recalculation in Clinical Trials by Meinhard Kieser Pdf

This book provides an extensive overview of the principles and methods of sample size calculation and recalculation in clinical trials. Appropriate calculation of the required sample size is crucial for the success of clinical trials. At the same time, a sample size that is too small or too large is problematic due to ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. Therefore, state-of-the art methods are required when planning clinical trials. Part I describes a general framework for deriving sample size calculation procedures. This enables an understanding of the common principles underlying the numerous methods presented in the following chapters. Part II addresses the fixed sample size design, where the required sample size is determined in the planning stage and is not changed afterwards. It covers sample size calculation methods for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, as well as comparisons between two and more than two groups. A wide range of further topics is discussed, including sample size calculation for multiple comparisons, safety assessment, and multi-regional trials. There is often some uncertainty about the assumptions to be made when calculating the sample size upfront. Part III presents methods that allow to modify the initially specified sample size based on new information that becomes available during the ongoing trial. Blinded sample size recalculation procedures for internal pilot study designs are considered, as well as methods for sample size reassessment in adaptive designs that use unblinded data from interim analyses. The application is illustrated using numerous clinical trial examples, and software code implementing the methods is provided. The book offers theoretical background and practical advice for biostatisticians and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry and academia who are involved in clinical trials. Covering basic as well as more advanced and recently developed methods, it is suitable for beginners, experienced applied statisticians, and practitioners. To gain maximum benefit, readers should be familiar with introductory statistics. The content of this book has been successfully used for courses on the topic.

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Book PDF

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470699515

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Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green Pdf

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Complex Interventions in Health

David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg
Complex Interventions in Health Book PDF

Author : David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134470563

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Complex Interventions in Health by David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg Pdf

Health and human services currently face a series of challenges – such as aging populations, chronic diseases and new endemics – that require highly complex responses, and take place in multiple care environments including acute medicine, chronic care facilities and the community. Accordingly, most modern health care interventions are now seen as ‘complex interventions’ – activities that contain a number of component parts with the potential for interactions between them which, when applied to the intended target population, produce a range of possible and variable outcomes. This in turn requires methodological developments that also take into account changing values and attitudes related to the situation of patients’ receiving health care. The first book to place complex interventions within a coherent system of research enquiry, this work is designed to help researchers understand the research processes involved at each stage of developing, testing, evaluating and implementing complex interventions, and assist them to integrate methodological activities to produce secure, evidence-based health care interventions. It begins with conceptual chapters which set out the complex interventions framework, discuss the interrelation between knowledge development and evidence, and explore how mixed methods research contributes to improved health. Structured around the influential UK Medical Research Council guidance for use of complex interventions, four sections, each comprised of bite-sized chapters written by multidisciplinary experts in the area, focus on: - Developing complex interventions - Assessing the feasibility of complex interventions and piloting them - Evaluating complex interventions - Implementing complex interventions. Accessible to students and researchers grappling with complex interventions, each substantive chapter includes an introduction, bulleted learning objectives, clinical examples, a summary and further reading. The perspectives of various stakeholders, including patients, families and professionals, are discussed throughout as are the economic and ethical implications of methods. A vital companion for health research, this book is suitable for readers from multidisciplinary disciplines such as medical, nursing, public health, health services research, human services and allied healthcare backgrounds.

Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials

Jos W.R. Twisk
Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials Book PDF

Author : Jos W.R. Twisk
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030818654

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Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials by Jos W.R. Twisk Pdf

This book provides a practical guide to the analysis of data from randomized controlled trials (RCT). It gives an answer to the question of how to estimate the intervention effect in an appropriate way. This problem is examined for different RCT designs, such as RCTs with one follow-up measurement, RCTs with more than one follow-up measurement, cluster RCTs, cross-over trials, stepped wedge trials, and N-of-1 trials. The statistical methods are explained in a non-mathematical way and are illustrated by extensive examples. All datasets used in the book are available for download, so readers can reanalyse the examples to gain a better understanding of the methods used. Although most examples are taken from epidemiological and clinical studies, this book is also highly recommended for researchers working in other fields.

Health Services Research Methods

Nick Black,Barnaby Reeves,John Brazier,Ray Fitzpatrick
Health Services Research Methods Book PDF

Author : Nick Black,Barnaby Reeves,John Brazier,Ray Fitzpatrick
Publisher : BMJ Books
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1998-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0727912755

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Health Services Research Methods by Nick Black,Barnaby Reeves,John Brazier,Ray Fitzpatrick Pdf

An up to date account of all that is known about the key methods used in health services research. It describes the uses and limitations of the principal methods based on the findings of the NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme. Each chapter makes suggestions for best practice.