How To Design Analyse And Report Cluster Randomised Trials In Medicine And Health Related Research

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How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research

Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
How to Design Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118763605

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How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research by Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters Pdf

A complete guide to understanding cluster randomised trials Written by two researchers with extensive experience in the field, this book presents a complete guide to the design, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. It spans a wide range of applications: trials in developing countries, trials in primary care, trials in the health services. A key feature is the use of R code and code from other popular packages to plan and analyse cluster trials, using data from actual trials. The book contains clear technical descriptions of the models used, and considers in detail the ethics involved in such trials and the problems in planning them. For readers and students who do not intend to run a trial but wish to be a critical reader of the literature, there are sections on the CONSORT statement, and exercises in reading published trials. Written in a clear, accessible style Features real examples taken from the authors’ extensive practitioner experience of designing and analysing clinical trials Demonstrates the use of R, Stata and SPSS for statistical analysis Includes computer code so the reader can replicate all the analyses Discusses neglected areas such as ethics and practical issues in running cluster randomised trials How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research provides an excellent reference tool and can be read with profit by statisticians, health services researchers, systematic reviewers and critical readers of cluster randomised trials.

A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research

Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry
A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research Book PDF

Author : Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470510476

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A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research by Sandra Eldridge,Sally Kerry Pdf

Cluster randomised trials are trials in which groups (or clusters) of individuals are randomly allocated to different forms of treatment. In health care, these trials often compare different ways of managing a disease or promoting healthy living, in contrast to conventional randomised trials which randomise individuals to different treatments, classically comparing new drugs with a placebo. They are increasingly common in health services research. This book addresses the statistical, practical, and ethical issues arising from allocating groups of individuals, or clusters, to different interventions. Key features: Guides readers through the stages of conducting a trial, from recruitment to reporting. Presents a wide range of examples with particular emphasis on trials in health services research and primary care, with both principles and techniques explained. Topics are specifically presented in the order in which investigators think about issues when they are designing a trial. Combines information on the latest developments in the field together with a practical guide to the design and implementation of cluster randomised trials. Explains principles and techniques through numerous examples including many from the authors own experience. Includes a wide range of references for those who wish to read further. This book is intended as a practical guide, written for researchers from the health professions including doctors, psychologists, and allied health professionals, as well as statisticians involved in the design, execution, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. Those with a more general interest will find the plentiful examples illuminating.

Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research

Allan Donner,Neil Klar
Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research Book PDF

Author : Allan Donner,Neil Klar
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470711000

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Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research by Allan Donner,Neil Klar Pdf

A cluster randomization trial is one in which intact social units, or clusters of individuals, are randomized to different intervention groups. Trials randomizing clusters have become particularly widespread in the evaluation of non-therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, educational programmes and innovations in the provision of health care. The increasing popularity of this design among health researchers over the past two decades has led to an extensive body of methodology on the subject. This is the first book to present a systematic and united treatment of this topic; it contains distinctive chapters on the history of cluster randomized trials, ethical issues and reporting guidelines.

Cluster Randomised Trials

Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton
Cluster Randomised Trials Book PDF

Author : Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781315353234

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Cluster Randomised Trials by Richard J. Hayes,Lawrence H. Moulton Pdf

Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages of cluster randomisation, with special attention given to evaluating the effects of interventions against infectious diseases. Avoiding unnecessary mathematical detail, the book covers basic concepts underlying the use of cluster randomisation, such as direct, indirect, and total effects. In the time since the publication of the first edition, the use of cluster randomised trials (CRTs) has increased substantially, which is reflected in the updates to this edition. There are greatly expanded sections on randomisation, sample size estimation, and alternative designs, including new material on stepped wedge designs. There is a new section on handling ordinal outcome data, and an appendix with descriptions and/or generating code of the example data sets. Although the book mainly focuses on medical and public health applications, it shows that the rigorous evidence of intervention effects provided by CRTs has the potential to inform public policy in a wide range of other areas. The book encourages readers to apply the methods to their own trials, reproduce the analyses presented, and explore alternative approaches.

Randomised Clinical Trials

David Machin,Peter M. Fayers,Bee Choo Tai
Randomised Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : David Machin,Peter M. Fayers,Bee Choo Tai
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119524649

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Randomised Clinical Trials by David Machin,Peter M. Fayers,Bee Choo Tai Pdf

Randomised Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting provides a detailed overview of the methodology for conducting clinical trials, including developing protocols, data capture, randomisation, analysis and reporting. Assuming no prior background, this user-friendly resource describes the statistical, regulatory, and practical components required for conducting randomised clinical trials. Numerous examples and case studies from industry, academia, and the research literature help readers understand each stage of the clinical trial process. This second edition contains extensively revised material throughout, including new chapters covering designs for repeated measures, non-inferiority, cluster and stepped wedge trials. Other new chapters describe data and safety monitoring, biomarker studies, and feasibility studies. Updated and expanded sections discuss situations where multiple organs, different body locations or competing risks are involved, subgroup analysis, and multiple outcomes. Written by an author team with extensive experience in conducting clinical trials, this book: Provides comprehensive coverage of randomised clinical trials, ranging from basic to advanced Features several new chapters, updated case studies and examples, and references to changes in regulations Explains basic randomised trials, including the parallel two-group controlled trial with a single outcome measure Covers paired trial designs and trials with more than two interventions Includes a chapter on miscellaneous topics such as adaptive designs, large simple trials, Bayesian methods for very small trials, alpha-spending functions and the predictive probability test Randomised Clinical Trials is essential reading for clinicians, nurses, data managers, and medical statisticians involved in clinical trials, and for health practitioners responsible for direct patient care in a clinical trial setting.

Design and Analysis of Group-randomized Trials

David M. Murray
Design and Analysis of Group randomized Trials Book PDF

Author : David M. Murray
Publisher : Monographs in Epidemiology and
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195120363

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Design and Analysis of Group-randomized Trials by David M. Murray Pdf

Community or group-randomized trials, which are usually done to evaluate the effect of health promotion effors. It reviews the underlying issues, describes the most widely used research design, and presents the many approaches to analysis that are now available.

Designing Randomised Trials in Health, Education and the Social Sciences

D. Torgerson
Designing Randomised Trials in Health Education and the Social Sciences Book PDF

Author : D. Torgerson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2008-03-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230583993

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Designing Randomised Trials in Health, Education and the Social Sciences by D. Torgerson Pdf

The book focuses on the design of rigorous trials rather than their statistical underpinnings, with chapters on: pragmatic designs; placebo designs; preference approaches; unequal allocation; economics; analytical approaches; randomization methods. It also includes a detailed description of randomization procedures and different trial designs.

How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research

Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
How to Design Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119992028

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How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research by Michael J. Campbell,Stephen J. Walters Pdf

A complete guide to understanding cluster randomised trials Written by two researchers with extensive experience in the field, this book presents a complete guide to the design, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. It spans a wide range of applications: trials in developing countries, trials in primary care, trials in the health services. A key feature is the use of R code and code from other popular packages to plan and analyse cluster trials, using data from actual trials. The book contains clear technical descriptions of the models used, and considers in detail the ethics involved in such trials and the problems in planning them. For readers and students who do not intend to run a trial but wish to be a critical reader of the literature, there are sections on the CONSORT statement, and exercises in reading published trials. Written in a clear, accessible style Features real examples taken from the authors’ extensive practitioner experience of designing and analysing clinical trials Demonstrates the use of R, Stata and SPSS for statistical analysis Includes computer code so the reader can replicate all the analyses Discusses neglected areas such as ethics and practical issues in running cluster randomised trials How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research provides an excellent reference tool and can be read with profit by statisticians, health services researchers, systematic reviewers and critical readers of cluster randomised trials.

Complex Interventions in Health

David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg
Complex Interventions in Health Book PDF

Author : David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134470563

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Complex Interventions in Health by David A. Richards,Ingalill Rahm Hallberg Pdf

Health and human services currently face a series of challenges – such as aging populations, chronic diseases and new endemics – that require highly complex responses, and take place in multiple care environments including acute medicine, chronic care facilities and the community. Accordingly, most modern health care interventions are now seen as ‘complex interventions’ – activities that contain a number of component parts with the potential for interactions between them which, when applied to the intended target population, produce a range of possible and variable outcomes. This in turn requires methodological developments that also take into account changing values and attitudes related to the situation of patients’ receiving health care. The first book to place complex interventions within a coherent system of research enquiry, this work is designed to help researchers understand the research processes involved at each stage of developing, testing, evaluating and implementing complex interventions, and assist them to integrate methodological activities to produce secure, evidence-based health care interventions. It begins with conceptual chapters which set out the complex interventions framework, discuss the interrelation between knowledge development and evidence, and explore how mixed methods research contributes to improved health. Structured around the influential UK Medical Research Council guidance for use of complex interventions, four sections, each comprised of bite-sized chapters written by multidisciplinary experts in the area, focus on: - Developing complex interventions - Assessing the feasibility of complex interventions and piloting them - Evaluating complex interventions - Implementing complex interventions. Accessible to students and researchers grappling with complex interventions, each substantive chapter includes an introduction, bulleted learning objectives, clinical examples, a summary and further reading. The perspectives of various stakeholders, including patients, families and professionals, are discussed throughout as are the economic and ethical implications of methods. A vital companion for health research, this book is suitable for readers from multidisciplinary disciplines such as medical, nursing, public health, health services research, human services and allied healthcare backgrounds.

Field Trials of Health Interventions

Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross
Field Trials of Health Interventions Book PDF

Author : Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198732860

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Field Trials of Health Interventions by Peter G. Smith,R. H. Morrow,Richard H. Morrow,David A. Ross Pdf

"IEA, International Epidemiological Association, Welcome Trust."

Finding What Works in Health Care

Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Finding What Works in Health Care Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309164252

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Finding What Works in Health Care by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research Pdf

Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Clinical Trials

Duolao Wang,Ameet Bakhai
Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : Duolao Wang,Ameet Bakhai
Publisher : Remedica
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781901346725

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Clinical Trials by Duolao Wang,Ameet Bakhai Pdf

This book explains statistics specifically for a medically literate audience. Readers gain not only an understanding of the basics of medical statistics, but also a critical insight into how to review and evaluate clinical trial evidence.

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Book PDF

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470699515

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Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green Pdf

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Medical Statistics

Stephen J. Walters,Michael J. Campbell,David Machin
Medical Statistics Book PDF

Author : Stephen J. Walters,Michael J. Campbell,David Machin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119423645

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Medical Statistics by Stephen J. Walters,Michael J. Campbell,David Machin Pdf

The 5th edition of this popular introduction to statistics for the medical and health sciences has undergone a significant revision, with several new chapters added and examples refreshed throughout the book. Yet it retains its central philosophy to explain medical statistics with as little technical detail as possible, making it accessible to a wide audience. Helpful multi-choice exercises are included at the end of each chapter, with answers provided at the end of the book. Each analysis technique is carefully explained and the mathematics kept to minimum. Written in a style suitable for statisticians and clinicians alike, this edition features many real and original examples, taken from the authors' combined many years' experience of designing and analysing clinical trials and teaching statistics. Students of the health sciences, such as medicine, nursing, dentistry, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and radiography should find the book useful, with examples relevant to their disciplines. The aim of training courses in medical statistics pertinent to these areas is not to turn the students into medical statisticians but rather to help them interpret the published scientific literature and appreciate how to design studies and analyse data arising from their own projects. However, the reader who is about to design their own study and collect, analyse and report on their own data will benefit from a clearly written book on the subject which provides practical guidance to such issues. The practical guidance provided by this book will be of use to professionals working in and/or managing clinical trials, in academic, public health, government and industry settings, particularly medical statisticians, clinicians, trial co-ordinators. Its practical approach will appeal to applied statisticians and biomedical researchers, in particular those in the biopharmaceutical industry, medical and public health organisations.

Randomized Controlled Trials

Alehandro R. Jadad,Murray W. Enkin
Randomized Controlled Trials Book PDF

Author : Alehandro R. Jadad,Murray W. Enkin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470766163

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Randomized Controlled Trials by Alehandro R. Jadad,Murray W. Enkin Pdf

Randomized controlled trials are one of the most powerful and revolutionary tools of research. This book is a convenient and accessible description of the underlying principles and practice of randomized controlled trials and their role in clinical decision-making. Structured in a jargon-free question-and-answer format, each chapter provides concise and understandable information on a different aspect of randomized controlled trials, from the basics of trial design and terminology to the interpretation of results and their use in driving evidence-based medicine. The authors end each chapter with their musings, going beyond the evidence or citations, and sometimes even beyond orthodox correctness to share their thoughts and concerns about different aspects of randomized controlled trials, and their role within the health system. Updated to include insights from the last decade, this second edition challenges over-reliance on randomized controlled trials by debating their strengths and limitations and discussing their optimal use in modern healthcare. It also includes a new and increasingly relevant chapter on the ethics of randomized trials. World renowned writers and thinkers Drs Jadad and Enkin bring you this invaluable book for busy health professionals who wish to understand the theory of randomized controlled trials and their influence on clinical, research or policy decisions.