Coding Democracy

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Coding Democracy

Maureen Webb
Coding Democracy Book PDF

Author : Maureen Webb
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262542289

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Coding Democracy by Maureen Webb Pdf

Hackers as vital disruptors, inspiring a new wave of activism in which ordinary citizens take back democracy. Hackers have a bad reputation, as shady deployers of bots and destroyers of infrastructure. In Coding Democracy, Maureen Webb offers another view. Hackers, she argues, can be vital disruptors. Hacking is becoming a practice, an ethos, and a metaphor for a new wave of activism in which ordinary citizens are inventing new forms of distributed, decentralized democracy for a digital era. Confronted with concentrations of power, mass surveillance, and authoritarianism enabled by new technology, the hacking movement is trying to "build out" democracy into cyberspace.

Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality

Jennifer Helene Maher
Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Helene Maher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781134491490

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Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality by Jennifer Helene Maher Pdf

Examining the layers of meaning encoded in software and the rhetoric surrounding it, this book offers a much-needed perspective on the intersections between software, morality, and politics. In software development culture, evangelism typically denotes a rhetorical practice that aims to convert software developers, as well as non-technical lay users, from one platform to another (e.g., from the operating system Microsoft Windows to Linux). This book argues that software evangelism, like its religious counterpart, must also be understood as constructing moral and political values that extend well beyond the boundaries of the development culture. Unlike previous studies that locate such values in the effects of code in-use or in certain types of code like free and open source (FOSS) software, Maher argues that all code is meaningful beyond its technical, executable functions. To facilitate this analysis, this study builds a theory of evangelism and illustrates this theory at work in the proprietary software industry and FOSS communities. As an example of political liberalism at work at the level of code, these evangelical rhetorics of software construct competing conceptions of what is good that fall within a shared belief in what is just. Maher illustrates how these beliefs in goodness and justice do not always execute in replicable ways, as the different ways of decoding software evangelisms in the contexts of Brazil and China reveal. Demonstrating how software evangelisms exert a transformative force on the world, one comparable in significance to code itself, this book highlights the importance of rhetoric in even the most seemingly a-rhetorical of technical endeavors and foregrounds the crucial need for rhetorical literacy in the digital age.

Organizing Democracy

Paul Poast,Johannes Urpelainen
Organizing Democracy Book PDF

Author : Paul Poast,Johannes Urpelainen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226543512

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Organizing Democracy by Paul Poast,Johannes Urpelainen Pdf

In the past twenty-five years, a number of countries have made the transition to democracy. The support of international organizations is essential to success on this difficult path. Yet, despite extensive research into the relationship between democratic transitions and membership in international organizations, the mechanisms underlying the relationship remain unclear. With Organizing Democracy, Paul Poast and Johannes Urpelainen argue that leaders of transitional democracies often have to draw on the support of international organizations to provide the public goods and expertise needed to consolidate democratic rule. Looking at the Baltic states’ accession to NATO, Poast and Urpelainen provide a compelling and statistically rigorous account of the sorts of support transitional democracies draw from international institutions. They also show that, in many cases, the leaders of new democracies must actually create new international organizations to better serve their needs, since they may not qualify for help from existing ones.

Standardization in Measurement

Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber
Standardization in Measurement Book PDF

Author : Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317316695

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Standardization in Measurement by Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber Pdf

The application of standard measurement is a cornerstone of modern science. In this collection of essays, standardization of procedure, units of measurement and the epistemology of standardization are addressed by specialists from sociology, history and the philosophy of science.

Handbook of Research Methods in International Relations

Huddleston, R. J.,Jamieson, Thomas,James, Patrick
Handbook of Research Methods in International Relations Book PDF

Author : Huddleston, R. J.,Jamieson, Thomas,James, Patrick
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 801 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781839101014

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Handbook of Research Methods in International Relations by Huddleston, R. J.,Jamieson, Thomas,James, Patrick Pdf

Drawing together international experts on research methods in International Relations (IR), this Handbook answers the complex practical questions for those approaching a new research topic for the first time. Innovative in its approach, it considers the art of IR research as well as the science, offering diverse perspectives on current research methods and emerging developments in the field.

Democracy and War

Errol Anthony Henderson
Democracy and War Book PDF

Author : Errol Anthony Henderson
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : 1588260763

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Democracy and War by Errol Anthony Henderson Pdf

Henderson (political science, Wayne State U.) uses the same basic research design of the democratic peace proposition (DPP)--which contends that democracies rarely fight each other, are generally more peaceful than nondemocracies, and rarely experience civil war--to challenge the validity of the DPP. His results indicate that democracy is not significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of international war, militarized disputes, or civil wars in postcolonial states. He finds that in war between states and nonstate actors, such as colonial and imperial wars, democracies in general are less likely but Western states, specifically, are more likely to become involved in this type of "extrastate" war. He argues that global peace will require more than a worldwide spread of democracy. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Direct Democracy Worldwide

David Altman
Direct Democracy Worldwide Book PDF

Author : David Altman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139495431

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Direct Democracy Worldwide by David Altman Pdf

Challenging the common assumption that models of direct democracy and representative democracy are necessarily at odds, Direct Democracy Worldwide demonstrates how practices of direct and representative democracy interact under different institutional settings and uncovers the conditions that allow them to coexist in a mutually reinforcing manner. Whereas citizen-initiated mechanisms of direct democracy can spur productive relationships between citizens and political parties, other mechanisms of direct democracy often help leaders bypass other representative institutions, undermining republican checks and balances. The book also demonstrates that the embrace of direct democracy is costly, may generate uncertainties and inconsistencies, and can be manipulated. Nonetheless, the promise of direct democracy should not be dismissed. Direct democracy is much more than a simple, pragmatic second choice when representative democracy seems not to be working as expected. Properly designed, it can empower citizens, breaking through some of the institutionalized barriers to accountability that arise in representative systems.

Diffusion of Democracy

Barbara Wejnert
Diffusion of Democracy Book PDF

Author : Barbara Wejnert
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107047112

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Diffusion of Democracy by Barbara Wejnert Pdf

This study of democratization since 1800 provides new data to explore the relationship between socioeconomic development and democracy over the last 200 years. Barbara Wejnert examines both countries and regions, and argues that the role of diffusion mechanisms (as opposed to internal factors) is especially significant, as are regional effects.

The Taming of Democracy Assistance

Sarah Sunn Bush
The Taming of Democracy Assistance Book PDF

Author : Sarah Sunn Bush
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107069640

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The Taming of Democracy Assistance by Sarah Sunn Bush Pdf

Most government programs seeking to aid democracy abroad do not directly confront dictators. This book explains how organizational politics 'tamed' democracy assistance.

Social Science Concepts and Measurement

Gary Goertz
Social Science Concepts and Measurement Book PDF

Author : Gary Goertz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780691205472

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Social Science Concepts and Measurement by Gary Goertz Pdf

A fully revised edition of the classic reference on concepts and their role in social science research Social Science Concepts and Measurement offers an updated look at the theory and methodology of concepts for the social sciences. Emphasizing that most concepts are multilevel and multidimensional, this revised edition continues to bring the qualitative and quantitative closer together, with new chapters devoted to scaling, aggregation, and the methodological links between the semantics of concepts and numeric measures. In addition, it stresses that concepts are used for description and causal inference, and contain normative judgments. Initial chapters focus on conceptualization, followed by chapters on issues of measurement. The textbook examines concepts in the international arena (such as the global performance indicators used by international organizations like the UN and the World Bank), as well as classic paired concepts such as poverty and wealth, democracy and authoritarianism, and war and peace. Additionally, it explores such topics as typologies, hybrid concepts, and how complex concepts constitute complex theories. The volume serves as a guide to the methodology of concepts in the classroom and is accompanied by more than two hundred exercises. Social Science Concepts and Measurement is an indispensable resource for graduate students and scholars.

Euro-Mediterranean Relations After September 11

Annette Junemann
Euro Mediterranean Relations After September 11 Book PDF

Author : Annette Junemann
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2004-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135770440

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Euro-Mediterranean Relations After September 11 by Annette Junemann Pdf

A comprehensive study of the nexus between democratization and security in the Mediterranean, which are seen as essentially complementary yet threatened by political trends witnessed since the September 2001 attacks. Contributors from a variety of European and Mediterranean countries address the impact of a restructured security system, Europe's effort to establish an autonomous security and defence policy, and attempts among the Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs) to build regional security regimes.

Digital Technology and Democratic Theory

Lucy Bernholz,Hélène Landemore,Rob Reich
Digital Technology and Democratic Theory Book PDF

Author : Lucy Bernholz,Hélène Landemore,Rob Reich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226748603

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Digital Technology and Democratic Theory by Lucy Bernholz,Hélène Landemore,Rob Reich Pdf

One of the most far-reaching transformations in our era is the wave of digital technologies rolling over—and upending—nearly every aspect of life. Work and leisure, family and friendship, community and citizenship have all been modified by now-ubiquitous digital tools and platforms. Digital Technology and Democratic Theory looks closely at one significant facet of our rapidly evolving digital lives: how technology is radically changing our lives as citizens and participants in democratic governments. To understand these transformations, this book brings together contributions by scholars from multiple disciplines to wrestle with the question of how digital technologies shape, reshape, and affect fundamental questions about democracy and democratic theory. As expectations have whiplashed—from Twitter optimism in the wake of the Arab Spring to Facebook pessimism in the wake of the 2016 US election—the time is ripe for a more sober and long-term assessment. How should we take stock of digital technologies and their promise and peril for reshaping democratic societies and institutions? To answer, this volume broaches the most pressing technological changes and issues facing democracy as a philosophy and an institution.

Institutions, Partisanship and Credibility in Global Financial Markets

Hye Jee Cho
Institutions Partisanship and Credibility in Global Financial Markets Book PDF

Author : Hye Jee Cho
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781315445038

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Institutions, Partisanship and Credibility in Global Financial Markets by Hye Jee Cho Pdf

Increasingly integrated global financial markets have been shaken by a series of severe shocks in recent decades, from Mexico’s Tequila crisis to the upheavals in the Eurozone. These crises have demonstrated that signs of uncertain local economic and political conditions can result in market fluctuations which in turn cause economic, social, and political instability. Such instability is particularly severe for developing countries that rely heavily on international financial markets for their financial needs. Building credibility in these markets is therefore important for national governments who wish to prevent market panic and capital flight and, ultimately, to achieve stable economic growth. Earlier studies have argued that institutional arrangements that constrain governments and commit them to protecting private property rights and market-friendly policies can send a strong positive signal to the markets about a given country’s sovereign credibility. This book argues, however, that the market perception of such credibility-building institutions is significantly contingent on which party governs the country. Formal institutions confer significant credibility-building effects on left-wing governments, whereas less or no significant effects are enjoyed by right-wing governments. And beyond that, any significant changes in a country’s institutional landscape—such as a breakdown of democracy or joining an international organization that can influence domestic politics—have particularly strong impact on the credibility of left-wing governments. This argument is supported by a quantitative analysis of sovereign credit ratings data collected from around 90 developing countries from 1980 to 2007, by case studies from South Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, and by face-to-face interviews with 24 financial market experts based in Hong Kong, Seoul, and Paris.

Coding Freedom

E. Gabriella Coleman
Coding Freedom Book PDF

Author : E. Gabriella Coleman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780691144610

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Coding Freedom by E. Gabriella Coleman Pdf

Who are computer hackers? What is free software? And what does the emergence of a community dedicated to the production of free and open source software--and to hacking as a technical, aesthetic, and moral project--reveal about the values of contemporary liberalism? Exploring the rise and political significance of the free and open source software (F/OSS) movement in the United States and Europe, Coding Freedom details the ethics behind hackers' devotion to F/OSS, the social codes that guide its production, and the political struggles through which hackers question the scope and direction of copyright and patent law. In telling the story of the F/OSS movement, the book unfolds a broader narrative involving computing, the politics of access, and intellectual property. E. Gabriella Coleman tracks the ways in which hackers collaborate and examines passionate manifestos, hacker humor, free software project governance, and festive hacker conferences. Looking at the ways that hackers sustain their productive freedom, Coleman shows that these activists, driven by a commitment to their work, reformulate key ideals including free speech, transparency, and meritocracy, and refuse restrictive intellectual protections. Coleman demonstrates how hacking, so often marginalized or misunderstood, sheds light on the continuing relevance of liberalism in online collaboration.

The Code of Capital

Katharina Pistor
The Code of Capital Book PDF

Author : Katharina Pistor
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691208602

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The Code of Capital by Katharina Pistor Pdf

"Capital is the defining feature of modern economies, yet most people have no idea where it actually comes from. What is it, exactly, that transforms mere wealth into an asset that automatically creates more wealth? The Code of Capital explains how capital is created behind closed doors in the offices of private attorneys, and why this little-known fact is one of the biggest reasons for the widening wealth gap between the holders of capital and everybody else. In this revealing book, Katharina Pistor argues that the law selectively "codes" certain assets, endowing them with the capacity to protect and produce private wealth. With the right legal coding, any object, claim, or idea can be turned into capital - and lawyers are the keepers of the code. Pistor describes how they pick and choose among different legal systems and legal devices for the ones that best serve their clients' needs, and how techniques that were first perfected centuries ago to code landholdings as capital are being used today to code stocks, bonds, ideas, and even expectations--assets that exist only in law. A powerful new way of thinking about one of the most pernicious problems of our time, The Code of Capital explores the different ways that debt, complex financial products, and other assets are coded to give financial advantage to their holders. This provocative book paints a troubling portrait of the pervasive global nature of the code, the people who shape it, and the governments that enforce it."--Provided by publisher.