Cognition Computation And Consciousness

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Cognition, Computation, and Consciousness

Masao Ito,Yasushi Miyashita,Edmund T. Rolls
Cognition Computation and Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Masao Ito,Yasushi Miyashita,Edmund T. Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191660757

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Cognition, Computation, and Consciousness by Masao Ito,Yasushi Miyashita,Edmund T. Rolls Pdf

The topic of consciousness is truly multidisciplinary, attracting researchers and theorists from diverse backgrounds. It is now widely accepted that previously disparate areas all have contributions to make to the understanding of the nature of consciousness. Thus, we now have computational scientists, neuroscientists, and philosophers all engaged in the same effort. This book illustrates these three approaches, with chapters provided by some of the most important and provocative figures in the field. The first section is concerned with philosophical approaches to consciousness. One of the fundamental issues here is that of subjective feeling or qualia. The second section focuses on approaches from cognitive neuroscience. Patients with different types of neurological problems, and new imaging techniques, provide rich sources of data for studying how consciousness relates to brain function. The third section includes computational approaches looking at the quantitative relationship between brain processes and conscious experience. Cognition, Computation, and Consciousness represents a uniquely integrated and current account of this most fascinating and intractable subject.

The Extent to which ‘Consciousness’ poses a problem for the Computational Theory of Mind

Sebastian A. Wagner
The Extent to which Consciousness poses a problem for the Computational Theory of Mind Book PDF

Author : Sebastian A. Wagner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783640896462

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The Extent to which ‘Consciousness’ poses a problem for the Computational Theory of Mind by Sebastian A. Wagner Pdf

Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Psychology - General, grade: 1,7, University of Derby (Institut für Psychologie), course: Cognitive Psychology, language: English, abstract: In Psychology, many theories and models use process charts resembling circuit diagrams of technical devices. In this account, human behaviour and experience appears to be the result of processes taking place in the ‘black box’ named cognition. In this context, “computationalism is the view that computation [...] can offer an explanatory basis for cognition” (Davenport, 2008, p.1). The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) has developed on this foundation, attempting to reveal what is inside this ‘black box’. In contrast, human consciousness being a part of cognition (Harnad, 1994) seems to be beyond any scientific explanation. This essay will critically discuss the extent to which consciousness poses a problem for the CTM – regarding issues surrounding consciousness as an area of scientific study, the extent to which consciousness is explicable in computational terms, explanations of consciousness, and Dennett’s (1991) different account to consciousness. It will be argued that consciousness does pose a major problem for the CTM, especially when it is conceptualised as subjective experience. It will conclude that Cognitive Science should presently focus only on certain aspects of consciousness, called the easy problems.

Rethinking Cognitive Computation

Andy Wells
Rethinking Cognitive Computation Book PDF

Author : Andy Wells
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781137066619

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Rethinking Cognitive Computation by Andy Wells Pdf

Rethinking Cognitive Computation explores the hypothesis that the mind is a computer. The exploration is based on the pioneering work of Alan Turing and presents the first detailed exposition of his theory of computation intended specifically for psychologists. Turing's bold and beautiful theory provides an ideal perspective from which to evaluate current computational thinking about the mind. The book examines the strengths and weaknesses of symbol systems and connectionist theorising and proposes a new approach called ecological functionalism. Ecological functionalism is based on Turing's fundamental insights and extends them by drawing on contemporary theories of concurrent and distributed computation to cover a wide range of psychological domains. Ecological functionalism provides the basis for a powerful, unified theory of great scope which includes social as well as individual processes. The book is intended for teaching but will also be of interest to researchers in cognitive science, psychology and philosophy of mind. Andrew Wells is a lecturer in psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He has qualifications in philosophy, psychology and computer science and has published papers on a range of psychological topics.

Consciousness and the Computational Mind

Ray Jackendoff,Ray S. Jackendoff
Consciousness and the Computational Mind Book PDF

Author : Ray Jackendoff,Ray S. Jackendoff
Publisher : Bradford Books
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1990-09-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262600196

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Consciousness and the Computational Mind by Ray Jackendoff,Ray S. Jackendoff Pdf

Examining one of the fundamental issues in cognitive psychology: How does our conscious experience come to be the way it is?

Computing the Mind

Shimon Edelman
Computing the Mind Book PDF

Author : Shimon Edelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195320671

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Computing the Mind by Shimon Edelman Pdf

In a culmination of humanity's millenia-long quest for self knowledge, the sciences of the mind are now in a position to offer concrete, validated answers to the most fundamental questions about human nature. By analyzing the tasks facing any sentient being that is subject to stimulation and a pressure to act, Shimon Edelman identifies computation as the common denominator in the emerging answers to all these questions.The account given in this book is accessible, yet unified and rigorous, and the big picture he presents is supported by evidence ranging from neurobiology to computer science. This book should be read by anyone seeking a comprehensive introduction to cognitive psychology.

Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness

Leonid I. Perlovsky,Robert Kozma
Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Leonid I. Perlovsky,Robert Kozma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540732679

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Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness by Leonid I. Perlovsky,Robert Kozma Pdf

Experimental evidence in humans and other mammalians indicates that complex neurodynamics is crucial for the emergence of higher-level intelligence. Dynamical neural systems with encoding in limit cycle and non-convergent attractors have gained increasing popularity in the past decade. The role of synchronization, desynchronization, and intermittent synchronization on cognition has been studied extensively by various authors, in particular by authors contributing to the present volume. This book addresses dynamical aspects of brain functions and cognition.

How the Mind Comes Into Being

Martin V. Butz,Esther F. Kutter
How the Mind Comes Into Being Book PDF

Author : Martin V. Butz,Esther F. Kutter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198739692

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How the Mind Comes Into Being by Martin V. Butz,Esther F. Kutter Pdf

Provides an interdisciplinary perspective, helping the reader to develop an understanding of how the mind works that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries Adopts a computational approach, helping the reader to understand the mind on a functional level, in contrast to purely conceptual, verbalized levels Includes exercises and examples, helping the reader to consolidate the covered material and encouraging them to think 'outside of the box'

Mind Computation

Shi Zhongzhi
Mind Computation Book PDF

Author : Shi Zhongzhi
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789813145825

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Mind Computation by Shi Zhongzhi Pdf

Mind computation is a hot topic of intelligence science. It is explored by computing to explain the theoretical basis of human intelligence. Through long-term research, a mind model CAM (Consciousness and Memory) is proposed, which provides a general framework for brain-like intelligence and brain-like intelligent systems. This novel book centers on mind model CAM, systematically discusses the theoretical basis of mind computation in nine chapters. Because of its advanced progresses on brain-like intelligence, it is useful as a primary reference volume for professionals and graduate students in intelligence science, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.

Explaining the Computational Mind

Marcin Milkowski
Explaining the Computational Mind Book PDF

Author : Marcin Milkowski
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262313926

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Explaining the Computational Mind by Marcin Milkowski Pdf

A defense of the computational explanation of cognition that relies on mechanistic philosophy of science and advocates for explanatory pluralism. In this book, Marcin Milkowski argues that the mind can be explained computationally because it is itself computational—whether it engages in mental arithmetic, parses natural language, or processes the auditory signals that allow us to experience music. Defending the computational explanation against objections to it—from John Searle and Hilary Putnam in particular—Milkowski writes that computationalism is here to stay but is not what many have taken it to be. It does not, for example, rely on a Cartesian gulf between software and hardware, or mind and brain. Milkowski's mechanistic construal of computation allows him to show that no purely computational explanation of a physical process will ever be complete. Computationalism is only plausible, he argues, if you also accept explanatory pluralism. Milkowski sketches a mechanistic theory of implementation of computation against a background of extant conceptions, describing four dissimilar computational models of cognition. He reviews other philosophical accounts of implementation and computational explanation and defends a notion of representation that is compatible with his mechanistic account and adequate vis à vis the four models discussed earlier. Instead of arguing that there is no computation without representation, he inverts the slogan and shows that there is no representation without computation—but explains that representation goes beyond purely computational considerations. Milkowski's arguments succeed in vindicating computational explanation in a novel way by relying on mechanistic theory of science and interventionist theory of causation.

Computation, Information, Cognition

Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart
Computation Information Cognition Book PDF

Author : Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781443809320

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Computation, Information, Cognition by Gordana Dodig Crnkovic,Susan Stuart Pdf

This book draws together a number of important strands in contemporary approaches to the philosophical and scientific questions that emerge when dealing with the issues of computing, information, cognition and the conceptual issues that arise at their intersections. It discovers and develops the connections at the borders and in the interstices of disciplines and debates, and presents a range of essays that deal with the currently vigorous concerns of the philosophy of information, ontology creation and control, bioinformation and biosemiotics, computational and post- computational ap- proaches to the philosophy of cognitive science, computational linguistics, ethics, and education.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms

Gualtiero Piccinini
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Book PDF

Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192636058

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Neurocognitive Mechanisms by Gualtiero Piccinini Pdf

In Neurocognitive Mechanisms Gualtiero Piccinini presents the most systematic, rigorous, and comprehensive philosophical defence to date of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness. He begins by defending an ontologically egalitarian account of composition and realization, according to which all levels are equally real. He then explicates multiple realizability and mechanisms within this ontologically egalitarian framework, defends a goal-contribution account of teleological functions, and defends a mechanistic version of functionalism. This provides the foundation for a mechanistic account of computation, which in turn clarifies the ways in which the computational theory of cognition is a multilevel mechanistic theory supported by contemporary cognitive neuroscience. Piccinini argues that cognition is computational at least in a generic sense. He defends the computational theory of cognition from standard objections, yet also rebuts putative a priori arguments. He contends that the typical vehicles of neural computations are representations, and that, contrary to the received view, the representations posited by the computational theory of cognition are observable and manipulatable in the laboratory. He also contends that neural computations are neither digital nor analog; instead, neural computations are sui generis. He concludes by investigating the relation between computation and consciousness, suggesting that consciousness may be a functional phenomenon without being computational in nature. This book will be of interest to philosophers of cognitive science as well as neuroscientists.

Rethinking Cognitive Computation

Andy Wells
Rethinking Cognitive Computation Book PDF

Author : Andy Wells
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1403911622

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Rethinking Cognitive Computation by Andy Wells Pdf

This book provides a detailed understanding of the computational foundations of cognitive science. The author makes a critical evaluation of the symbol processing and connectionist approaches which constitute the current mainstream; and offers a new computational framework for cognitive science.

Cognition Beyond the Brain

Stephen J Cowley,Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Cognition Beyond the Brain Book PDF

Author : Stephen J Cowley,Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447151258

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Cognition Beyond the Brain by Stephen J Cowley,Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau Pdf

Cognition Beyond the Brain challenges neurocentrism by advocating a systemic view of cognition based on investigating how action shapes the experience of thinking. The systemic view steers between extended functionalism and enactivism by stressing how living beings connect bodies, technologies, language and culture. Since human thinking depends on a cultural ecology, people connect biologically-based powers with extended systems and, by so doing, they constitute cognitive systems that reach across the skin. Biological interpretation exploits extended functional systems. Illustrating distributed cognition, one set of chapters focus on computer mediated trust, work at a construction site, judgement aggregation and crime scene investigation. Turning to how bodies manufacture skills, the remaining chapters focus on interactivity or sense-saturated coordination. The feeling of doing is crucial to solving maths problems, learning about X rays, finding an invoice number, or launching a warhead in a film. People both participate in extended systems and exert individual responsibility. Brains manufacture a now to which selves are anchored: people can act automatically or, at times, vary habits and choose to author actions. In ontogenesis, a systemic view permits rationality to be seen as gaining mastery over world-side resources. Much evidence and argument thus speaks for reconnecting the study of computation, interactivity and human artifice. Taken together, this can drive a networks revolution that gives due cognitive importance to the perceivable world that lies beyond the brain. Cognition Beyond the Brain is a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners and graduate students within the fields of Computer Science, Psychology, Linguistics and Cognitive Science.

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience

Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2000-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262650541

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Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience by Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata Pdf

This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the computational cognitive neuroscience. The goal of computational cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain embodies the mind by using biologically based computational models comprising networks of neuronlike units. This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the field. The neural units in the simulations use equations based directly on the ion channels that govern the behavior of real neurons, and the neural networks incorporate anatomical and physiological properties of the neocortex. Thus the text provides the student with knowledge of the basic biology of the brain as well as the computational skills needed to simulate large-scale cognitive phenomena. The text consists of two parts. The first part covers basic neural computation mechanisms: individual neurons, neural networks, and learning mechanisms. The second part covers large-scale brain area organization and cognitive phenomena: perception and attention, memory, language, and higher-level cognition. The second part is relatively self-contained and can be used separately for mechanistically oriented cognitive neuroscience courses. Integrated throughout the text are more than forty different simulation models, many of them full-scale research-grade models, with friendly interfaces and accompanying exercises. The simulation software (PDP++, available for all major platforms) and simulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Web. Exercise solutions are available, and the text includes full information on the software.

Unlocking Consciousness: Lessons From The Convergence Of Computing And Cognitive Psychology

Charles T Ross
Unlocking Consciousness Lessons From The Convergence Of Computing And Cognitive Psychology Book PDF

Author : Charles T Ross
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781786344700

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Unlocking Consciousness: Lessons From The Convergence Of Computing And Cognitive Psychology by Charles T Ross Pdf

In order to bridge the gap between artificial and synthetic intelligence, we must first understand our own intelligence. 'What is intelligence?' might appear as a simple question, but many great minds have agreed that there is no singular answer. Unlocking Consciousness attempts to examine this central question through exploring the convergence of computing, philosophy, cognitive neuroscience and biogenetics.The book is the first of its kind to compare comprehensive definitions of both information and intelligence, an essential component to the advancement of computing into the realms of artificial intelligence. In examining explanations for intelligence, consciousness, memory and meaning from the perspective of a computer scientist, it offers routes that can be taken to augment natural and artificial intelligence, improving our own individual abilities, and even considering the potential for creating a prosthetic brain.Unlocking Consciousness demonstrates that understanding intelligence is not just for the benefit of computer scientists, it is also of great value to those working in evolutionary, molecular and systems biology, cognitive neuroscience, genetics and biotechnology. In unlocking the secrets of intelligence and laying out the methods of which information is structured and processed, we can unlock a completely new theory of consciousness.For additional published articles and appendices referenced in this title, readers can visit www.brainmindforum.org/ for further information.