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Cognitive Disorders Research Trends by H. C. Sentowski Pdf
Cognitive disorders are disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgement. They include delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. Cognition includes the domains of attention, memory, language, gnosis, visuo-spatial function, praxis, and executive function, and is traditionally distinguished from the emotions or 'feelings'. Cognitive disorders may disturb one domain specifically, as in a selective impairment of memory (amnesia) or language (aphasia), or, more often, a combination of deficits, as in mental retardation and dementia.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 181 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 2017-10-05 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309459594
Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Pdf
Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 409 pages File Size : 50,5 Mb Release : 2018-07-21 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309474108
Future Directions for the Demography of Aging by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population Pdf
Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females although small amounts are secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In both males and females, it plays key roles in health and well-being. Examples include enhanced libido, energy, immune function, and protection against osteoporosis. On average, the adult male body produces about twenty times the amount of testosterone that an adult female's body does. This book presents new and important research in this field from around the world.
National Research Council,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Standing Committee for Technology Insight--Gauge, Evaluate, and Review,Committee on Military and Intelligence Methodology for Emergent Neurophysiological and Cognitive/Neural Science Research in the Next Two Decades
Author : National Research Council,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Standing Committee for Technology Insight--Gauge, Evaluate, and Review,Committee on Military and Intelligence Methodology for Emergent Neurophysiological and Cognitive/Neural Science Research in the Next Two Decades Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 215 pages File Size : 50,5 Mb Release : 2008-12-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309118941
Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies by National Research Council,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Standing Committee for Technology Insight--Gauge, Evaluate, and Review,Committee on Military and Intelligence Methodology for Emergent Neurophysiological and Cognitive/Neural Science Research in the Next Two Decades Pdf
Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies, from the National Research Council, identifies and explores several specific research areas that have implications for U.S. national security, and should therefore be monitored consistently by the intelligence community. These areas include: neurophysiological advances in detecting and measuring indicators of psychological states and intentions of individuals the development of drugs or technologies that can alter human physical or cognitive abilities advances in real-time brain imaging breakthroughs in high-performance computing and neuronal modeling that could allow researchers to develop systems which mimic functions of the human brain, particularly the ability to organize disparate forms of data. As these fields continue to grow, it will be imperative that the intelligence community be able to identify scientific advances relevant to national security when they occur. To do so will require adequate funding, intelligence analysts with advanced training in science and technology, and increased collaboration with the scientific community, particularly academia. A key tool for the intelligence community, this book will also be a useful resource for the health industry, the military, and others with a vested interest in technologies such as brain imaging and cognitive or physical enhancers.
Cognition in Mood Disorders by Allan H. Young,Catherine Harmer Pdf
International Society for Affective Disorders (ISAD) exists to promote research into the mood (affective) disorders through all relevant scientific disciplines, including genetics, neuroscience and the social and behavioural sciences. Inter-disciplinary research approaches are particularly highly valued by the society. www.isad.org.uk
Perception and Cognition: Interactions in the Aging Brain by Harriet A. Allen,Katherine L. Roberts Pdf
Healthy ageing can lead to declines in both perceptual and cognitive functions. Impaired perception, such as that resulting from hearing loss or reduced visual or tactile resolution, increases demands on ‘higher-level’ cognitive functions to cope or compensate. It is possible, for example, to use focused attention to overcome perceptual limitations. Unfortunately, cognitive functions also decline in old age. This can mean that perceptual impairments are exacerbated by cognitive decline, and vice versa, but also means that interventions aimed at one type of decline can lead to improvements in the other. Just as improved cognition can ameliorate perceptual deficits, improving the stimulus can help offset cognitive deficits. For example, making directions and routes easy to follow can help compensate for declines in navigation abilities. In this Topic, we bring together papers from both auditory and visual researchers that address the interaction between perception and cognition in the ageing brain. Many of the studies demonstrate that a broadening of representations or increased reliance on gist underlie perceptual and cognitive age-related declines. There is also clear evidence that impaired perception is associated with poor cognition although, encouragingly, it can also be seen that good perception is associated with better cognition. Compensatory cognitive strategies were less successful in improving perception than might be expected. We also present papers which highlight important methodological considerations that are required when studying the older brain.
National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 288 pages File Size : 47,9 Mb Release : 2000-04-18 Category : Social Science ISBN : 0309172195
The Aging Mind by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging Pdf
Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population--Phase II
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population--Phase II Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 182 pages File Size : 40,8 Mb Release : 2015-09-17 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309317108
The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population--Phase II Pdf
The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.
Intelligent Solutions for Cognitive Disorders by Jadhav, Dipti,Chavan, Pallavi Vijay,Chaudhari, Sangita,Williams, Idongesit Pdf
Cognitive disorders are a growing concern, affecting individuals across the age spectrum and society. These disorders can profoundly disrupt daily life, and their timely diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention and care. As the prevalence of cognitive disorders continues to rise, the need for precise and early diagnosis has never been more pressing. Intelligent Solutions for Cognitive Disorders is a research-based book which delves into the intersection of medical science and technology, exploring the latest advancements in cognitive disorder diagnosis and treatment. This book assembles a multidisciplinary team of experts, including researchers, clinicians, and technologists, to address this challenge head-on. This book commences with an in-depth introduction to cognitive disorders, providing a solid foundation for readers of all backgrounds. It then navigates the role of intelligent systems in cognitive healthcare, unveiling the potential of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning techniques. The book highlights how these intelligent systems can enable the early and accurate detection of cognitive disorders, a pivotal factor in improving patients' quality of life. This book is an invaluable resource for technologists, researchers, linguists, data scientists, healthcare practitioners, medical professionals, and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of cognitive disorders and the role of intelligent technologies in their diagnosis and care.
Author : Joseph I. Tracy,Benjamin M. Hampstead,K. Sathian Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 433 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2014-12-02 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780199965243
Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders by Joseph I. Tracy,Benjamin M. Hampstead,K. Sathian Pdf
This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) by Vikram Patel,Dan Chisholm,Tarun Dua,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mari'a Lena Medina-Mora,Theo Vos Pdf
Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 330 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2015-07-21 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309368650
Cognitive Aging by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging Pdf
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.