Colonic Motility

Author : Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041510

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Colonic Motility by Sushil K. Sarna Pdf

Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Author : Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041503

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Colonic Motility by Sushil K. Sarna Pdf

Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood. Table of Contents: Introduction / Regulatory Mechanisms / Colonic Motility in Health / Colonic Motility Dysfunction / References

Author : Robert C. Bast, Jr.,Carlo M. Croce,William N. Hait,Waun Ki Hong,Donald W. Kufe,Martine Piccart-Gebhart,Raphael E. Pollock,Ralph R. Weichselbaum,Hongyang Wang,James F. Holland
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 2008 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119000846

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Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by Robert C. Bast, Jr.,Carlo M. Croce,William N. Hait,Waun Ki Hong,Donald W. Kufe,Martine Piccart-Gebhart,Raphael E. Pollock,Ralph R. Weichselbaum,Hongyang Wang,James F. Holland Pdf

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Author : Uday C. Ghoshal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9788132208228

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Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Motility and its Disorders by Uday C. Ghoshal Pdf

This multi-authored book covers most aspects of evaluation of gastrointestinal motility – a field that has been expanding in recent times largely due to advances in diagnostic modalities; coupled with this, new evidences supporting best practices have increased the interest among clinical gastroenterologists, researchers, teachers and trainees in gastrointestinal motility and its disorders. New advances in the field of evaluation of functional bowel diseases and motility disorders, such as high-resolution manometry, 24-h pH impedance monitoring, Bravo capsule pH-metry, barostat, balloon expulsion test, barium and MR defecography, biofeedback, hydrogen breath tests, motility capsule (smartpill) etc. have significantly expanded the scope and outcome of treating these disorders. The chapters have been contributed by a well-conversant group of experts from the global academia, including India, Singapore, Thailand, Korea and Australia, integrating the body of knowledge on evaluation methods with evidence of best practices for the management of motility disorders. A chapter on how to set-up a manometry laboratory provides key information for clinicians and researchers who are planning to start working in this area. With 11 chapters in the book supported with numerous tables, flow charts, schematic diagrams and images, professionals will find it an essential reading. ​

Author : Henry P. Parkman
Publisher : W B Saunders Company
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1416050728

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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders by Henry P. Parkman Pdf

This issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America is on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. GI motility disorders are common reasons for patients to see gastroenterologists. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of these disorders is important to appropriately care for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders in clinical practice. The chapters of this issue will discuss key aspects of gastrointestinal motility disorders focusing on how they relate to practicing gastroenterologists and other health care providers. Current knowledge in the area as well as evolving concepts from clinical investigations and translational research from basic sciences will be discussed. The rapid explosion of new technology used in the evaluation of patients will be covered.

Author : Satish S.C. Rao,Yeong Yeh Lee,Uday C. Ghoshal
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128130384

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Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility by Satish S.C. Rao,Yeong Yeh Lee,Uday C. Ghoshal Pdf

Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility is a state-of-the-art, lucidly written, generously illustrated, landmark publication that comprehensively addresses the underlying mechanisms and management of common adult and pediatric motility disorders. These problems affect 50% of the population and include conditions such as dysphagia, achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gas and bloating, SIBO, constipation and fecal incontinence. The book brings together international experts and clinician scientists, epitomizing their years of wisdom into a concise yet practical text that is delivered in two distinct sections, basic and clinical. It fulfills a large unmet need, and bridges a long-awaited knowledge gap among trainees, clinicians, scientists, nurses and technicians, earnestly engaged in this field. First of its kind text that covers both basic and clinical aspects, bridging the knowledge gap, and providing a bench to bedside approach for management of common disorders Discusses the latest concepts and basic principles of neurogastroenterology and motility, and how the gut and brain interact in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders Provides an illustrated and practical text on hot topics written by leading adult and pediatric gastroenterology experts across the globe Includes an accompanying more detailed web version of the text with free access to future podcasts

Author : Jean-Claude Givel,Neil James Mortensen,Bruno Roche
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 818 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540694199

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Anorectal and Colonic Diseases by Jean-Claude Givel,Neil James Mortensen,Bruno Roche Pdf

This fully revised new edition focuses on the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of conditions encountered by the coloproctologist and gastroenterological surgeon, who are faced with an increasing number of precise and specific treatment modalities.

Author : Abialbon Paul,Nishanthi Anandabaskar,Jayanthi Mathaiyan,Gerard Marshall Raj
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1156 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789813360099

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Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology by Abialbon Paul,Nishanthi Anandabaskar,Jayanthi Mathaiyan,Gerard Marshall Raj Pdf

This book explains the pharmacological relationships between the various systems in the human body. It offers a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology concerning the autonomic, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Presenting up-to-date information on chemical mediators and their significance, it highlights the therapeutic aspects of several diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrinal, and hematopoietic systems. The book also includes drug therapy for microbial and neoplastic diseases. It also comprises sections on immunopharmacology, dermatological, and ocular pharmacology providing valuable insights into these emerging and recent topics. Covering the diverse groups of drugs acting on different systems, the book reviews their actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, interactions, and subcellular mechanisms of action. It is divided into 11 parts, subdivided into several chapters that evaluate the basic pharmacological principles that govern the different types of body systems. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, and clinicians in industry and academic institutions in pharmaceutical, pharmacological sciences, pharmacy, medical sciences, physiology, neurosciences, biochemistry, molecular biology and other allied health sciences.

Author : Brian E. Lacy,Michael D. Crowell,John K. DiBaise
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493914982

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Functional and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract by Brian E. Lacy,Michael D. Crowell,John K. DiBaise Pdf

This volume covers the myriad of functional and motility gastrointestinal disorders in a comprehensive manner. The book is divided into seven major sections, with each section beginning with a brief case presentation highlighting the specific disorder to be reviewed. Appropriate criteria is highlighted, followed by a brief review on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of each specific disorder. 2-3 key teaching “pearls”, test questions and key references are also provided for each chapter. The book is organized so that each chapter can stand on its own and be used as a quick reference source in the clinic. Alternatively, it can be read cover to cover as an authoritative textbook on gastrointestinal functional and motility disorders. Written by international experts in the field of motility disorders, Functional and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Case Study Approach is an invaluable resource for experienced physicians, students, residents, fellows, nurse practitioners and physician assistants.

Author : John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Autonomic nervous system
ISBN : UOM:39015012463215

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The Enteric Nervous System by John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa Pdf

Author : Emidio Scarpellini,Gianluca Ianiro,Jan Tack
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889744909

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Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Gastro-Intestinal Motility in Man by Emidio Scarpellini,Gianluca Ianiro,Jan Tack Pdf

Dr. Tack receives financial support from Shire, Sofar and Tsumura. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic theme.

Author : E.M.M. Quigleyy,M. Hongo,S. Fukudo
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783318025798

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Functional and GI Motility Disorders by E.M.M. Quigleyy,M. Hongo,S. Fukudo Pdf

The clinical problems and dilemmas which the busy clinician encounters on a daily basis are the main focus of this publication. Emphasizing a clinical rather than a pathophysiological approach to problems, it facilitates access and helps the practicing clinician to develop an effective and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, clinically important aspects of pathophysiology are also dealt with in detail when called for. A variety of scenarios that are especially relevant to modern medical practice, such as the intensive care unit, are taken into account. A group of internationally renowned experts guides the reader through the broad variety of diagnostic options available to assist in the assessment of symptoms originating anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the anus, and, in each instance, every effort is made to critically appraise the technology discussed. Moreover, general overviews of broadly relevant therapeutic approaches are also provided.

Author : Satish S.C. Rao
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461548034

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Gastrointestinal Motility by Satish S.C. Rao Pdf

Gastrointestinal motility has evolved from an esoteric laboratory tool into a sophisti cated diagnostic technique that is now widely used clinically to guide in management of complex gastrointestinal problems. Today, it is the most rapidly growing subspecialty within gastroenterology. Previously, many of the gastrointestinal motility problems were either ignored or attributed to a disturbance of "psyche." But with the growing knowledge and understanding of how a dysfunction of the gastrointestinal muscle and nerves can cause disease, we are at the threshold of a revolution in our approach to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. The purpose of this book is to serve as a useful, up-to-date reference manual and guide for the diagnostic and therapeutic approach towards common adult and pediatric gastrointestinal motility problems. In order to enhance the understanding of these disor ders, a problem-oriented approach has been chosen, and wherever possible the authors have provided clinical case scenarios to illustrate their message. The emphasis has been on how to diagnose and treat motility disorders rather than to provide an encyclopedic infor mation. The reference list at the end of each chapter should enable the enthusiast to seek further information. Some of the material presented in this book has been derived from the proceedings of the annual University ofIowa College of Medicine GI Motility Symposia.

Author : Marvin Meier Schuster,Michael D. Crowell,Kenneth L. Koch
Publisher : PMPH-USA
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Gastrointestinal system
ISBN : 1550091042

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Schuster Atlas of Gastrointestinal Motility in Health and Disease by Marvin Meier Schuster,Michael D. Crowell,Kenneth L. Koch Pdf

The accompanying disc contains the complete text and illustrations of the book in fully searchable PDF files.

Author : William J. Snape Jr.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468456943

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Pathogenesis of Functional Bowel Disease by William J. Snape Jr. Pdf

In their second year in medical school, students begin to learn about the differences between "disease" and "illness." In their studies of pathology they learn to understand disease as pertubations of molecular biological events. And we clinicians can show disease to them by our scans, lay it out even on our genetic scrolls, and sometimes even point out the errant nucleotide. Disease satisfies them and us; at Yale, lectures on the gastrointestinal tract run from achalasia to proctitis. There is, alas, little mention of functional bowel disease or of the irritable or spastic colon, for that is not easy to show on hard copy. Functional bowel disease represents "illness," the response of the person to distress, to food, to the environment, and to the existential problems of living. In real life such matters are most important. Richard Cabot first found out at the Massachusetts General Hospital almost a century ago that 50% of the patients attending the outpatient clinic had "functional" complaints. The figure had grown to over 80% when the very same question was reexamined 60 years later.