Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Gastro Intestinal Motility In Man
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Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Gastro-Intestinal Motility in Man by Emidio Scarpellini,Gianluca Ianiro,Jan Tack Pdf
Dr. Tack receives financial support from Shire, Sofar and Tsumura. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic theme.
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders by Henry P. Parkman Pdf
This issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America is on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. GI motility disorders are common reasons for patients to see gastroenterologists. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of these disorders is important to appropriately care for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders in clinical practice. The chapters of this issue will discuss key aspects of gastrointestinal motility disorders focusing on how they relate to practicing gastroenterologists and other health care providers. Current knowledge in the area as well as evolving concepts from clinical investigations and translational research from basic sciences will be discussed. The rapid explosion of new technology used in the evaluation of patients will be covered.
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Oral Drug Absorption by Jennifer B. Dressman,Christos Reppas Pdf
Oral Drug Absorption, Second Edition thoroughly examines the special equipment and methods used to test whether drugs are released adequately when administered orally. The contributors discuss methods for accurately establishing and validating in vitro/in vivo correlations for both MR and IR formulations, as well as alternative approaches for MR an
Dopamine Receptor Agonists by George Poste,Stanley T. Crooke Pdf
Dopamine, in addition to its importance as a precursor of norepinephrine, is now known to be an important neurotransmitter in regulating functional activities in a number of major organ systems, including the central ner vous system. the cardiovascular system, the kidney, and the gut. Recent advances in our understanding of the functional role of dopamine, its mechanism of action and the pharmacology of dopaminergic agents have occurred on a broad front. The last few years have witnessed significant progress in the identification and classification of central and peripheral dopamine receptors and the factors that affect their responsiveness to inhibitory and stimulatory ligands. These advances have been paralleled by new insights into the contribution of alterations in dopaminergic reg ulation in causing disease and the utility of dopamine agonists and an tagonists as therapeutic modalities. This volume, the first in a series of publications arising from the annual Smith Kline and French Research Symposium on New Horizons in Therapeutics, provides a comprehensive survey of current research on peripheral dopamine receptors and the physiologic and therapeutic con sequences of stimulating pre-and postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Research in dopamine pharmacology mirrors the remarkable ad vances that are occurring in the field of pharmacology at large as a con sequence of the involvement of an ever-larger number of scientific dis ciplines in the study of drug action.
Geriatric Gastroenterology by C. S. Pitchumoni,T. Dharmarajan Pdf
As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.
Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders by Eytan Bardan,Reza Shaker Pdf
This guide focuses on the answers to patient questions that are frequently posed to providers who care for patients with GI motility disorders. Additionally, the text guides clinicians through the complicated diagnostic and therapeutic/management approaches to motility disorders, including common and specialized tests, drug initiation, medications side effects, and disease complications. Written by experts in the field, Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders: A Point of Care Clinical Guide is a valuable reference for busy clinicians who need the best evidence-based answers to patient questions at their fingertips.
Featuring more than 4100 references, Drug-Induced Liver Disease will be an invaluable reference for gastroenterologists, hepatologists, family physicians, internists, pathologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, and clinical toxicologists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
An explosive increase in the knowledge of the effects of chemical and physical agents on biological systems has led to an increased understanding of normal cellular functions and the consequences of their perturbations. The 14-volume Second Edition of Comprehensive Toxicology has been revised and updated to reflect new advances in toxicology research, including content by some of the leading researchers in the field. It remains the premier resource for toxicologists in academia, medicine, and corporations. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition provides a unique organ-systems structure that allows the user to explore the toxic effects of various substances on each human system, aiding in providing diagnoses and proving essential in situations where the toxic substance is unknown but its effects on a system are obvious. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition is the most complete and valuable toxicology work available to researchers today. Contents updated and revised to reflect developments in toxicology research Organized with a unique organ-system approach Features full color throughout Available electronically on sciencedirect.com, as well as in a limited-edition print version
Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology by H.S. Ackermann,Bernard B. Brodie,James R. Gillette Pdf
This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology) will show that pharma cology has finally arrived as a true discipline in its own right, and is no longer the handmaiden of organic chemistry and physiology. Instead it is an amalgam of all the biological sciences including biochemistry, biophysical chemistry, physiology, pathology and clinical medicine. In the volumes that make up Concepts in Bioche mical Pharmacology we hope to convince Medical Schools what should now be obvious, that pharmacology is no longer that dull topic bridging the basic sciences with medicine, but is probably the most important subject in the medical curriculum. We are grateful for the advice of Dr. BYRON CLARKE, Director of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Program at the National Insti tutes of Health, whose support made possible much of the work described in this volume. Contents Section One: Routes of Drug Administration Chapter 1: Biological Membranes and Their Passage by Drugs. C. A. M. HOGBEN 1 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Chapter 2: Absorption of Drugs from the Gastrointestinal Tract. L. S. SCHANKER. With 5 Figures. 9 I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 II. Methods of Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III. Absorption from the Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 IV. Intestinal Absorption of Non-Electrolytes and Weak Electrolytes 15 V. Absorption of Weak Electrolytes from the Colon and Rectum 18 VI. Intestinal Absorption of Organic Ions. . . . . . . . . . 19 VII. Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules . . . . . . . . . . 19 VIII. Active Transport across the Intestinal Epithelium . . . . . 20 IX. Effect of EDTA on Drug Absorption from the Intestine . . . . . . .
Comparative Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapy by A.S.J.P.A.M. van Miert,M.G. Bogaert,M. Debackere Pdf
The third congress ofthe European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicol ogy (EAVPT) was held in Ghent, Belgium, from 25 to 29 August 1985. Part I of the Proceedings of this congress contains the abstracts of all invited lectures, oral communi cations and poster communications, presented at the congress. The invited lectures are now published (this volume) in extenso as Part II of the Proceedings. The editors wish to thank all invited speakers for their active contribution to the success of the third congress of EAVPT. They are very grateful to Dr. P. De Backer for compiling all manuscripts, Dr. P. Lees for scientific amendments, Miss B. Vermeesch and Dr. R. Lefebvre for preparing the camera ready copy and MTP Press for literary advice and publishing. A. S. J. P. A. M. van Miert M. G. Bogaert M. Debackere xi Contributors AMEND J.F. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Atlantic Veterinary College. University of Prince Edward Island. Charlotte town. P.E.I. CIA 4P3. Canada. ANIKA S.M. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria. ARGENZIO R.A. Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences. and Radio logy, School of Veterinary Medicine. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC 27606. USA. ARONSON A.L. Clinical Pharmacology Unit. School of Veterinary Medicine. North Carolina State University, Raleigh. North Carolina 27606. USA. AUCOIN D.P. The Animal Medical Center. 510 E 62nd Street. New York. New York 10021. USA. xiii xiv COMPARATIVE VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY AND THERAPY BAARS A.J.
Drug Therapy in Nursing by Diane S. Aschenbrenner,Samantha J. Venable Pdf
This text presents a totally nursing-focused framework for teaching and learning nursing pharmacology, and "places the patient" at the center of all drug administration decisions and considerations. The book presents core drug knowledge using prototypes of different drug classes and emphasizes core patient variables that influence the patient's response to therapy. This thoroughly updated Third Edition covers newly approved drugs, has separate chapters on drugs affecting fungal and viral infections, and includes more pathophysiology information. FDA Black Box warnings have been added to the discussion of each prototype when applicable, and safety alerts have been added to emphasize prevention of common medication errors. A companion Website offers student and instructor ancillaries including NCLEX®-style questions, pathophysiology animations, medication administration videos, and dosage calculation quizzes.
Author : Ali Demir Sezer Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand Page : 516 pages File Size : 40,5 Mb Release : 2012-10-31 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789535108108
Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems by Ali Demir Sezer Pdf
This contribution book collects reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of novel drug delivery systems and their uses. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of different drug delivery systems. Since the advent of analytical techniques and capabilities to measure particle sizes in nanometer ranges, there has been tremendous interest in the use of nanoparticles for more efficient methods of drug delivery. On the other hand, this reference discusses advances in the design, optimization, and adaptation of gene delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, genetic, and infectious diseases, and considers assessment and review procedures involved in the development of gene-based pharmaceuticals.