Common Sense Science And Scepticism

Author : Alan Musgrave
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521436257

Get Book

Common Sense, Science and Scepticism by Alan Musgrave Pdf

Can we know anything for certain? Dogmatists think we can, sceptics think we cannot, and epistemology is the great debate between them. Some dogmatists seek certainty in the deliverances of the senses. Sceptics object that the senses are not an adequate basis for certain knowledge. Other dogmatists seek certainty in the deliverances of pure reason. Sceptics object that rational self-evidence is no guarantee of truth. This book is an introductory and historically-based survey of the debate, siding for the most part with scepticism to show that the desire to vanquish it has often led to doctrines of idealism or anti-realism. Scepticism, science and common sense produce another view, fallibilism or critical rationalism: although we can have little or no certain knowledge, as the sceptics maintain, we can and do have plenty of conjectural knowledge. Fallibilism incorporates an uncompromising realism about perception, science, and the nature of truth.

Author : Antonio Livi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Common sense
ISBN : 9791935790906

Get Book

A Philosophy of Common Sense by Antonio Livi Pdf

Author : F. L. van Holthoon,David R. Olson
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0819165042

Get Book

Common Sense by F. L. van Holthoon,David R. Olson Pdf

NOTE: Series number is not an integer: n/a

Author : Rik Peels,René van Woudenberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108476003

Get Book

The Cambridge Companion to Common-Sense Philosophy by Rik Peels,René van Woudenberg Pdf

A comprehensive exploration of the historical development and philosophical importance of common-sense philosophy.

Author : James B. Conant
Publisher : Franklin Watts
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1981-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0531002764

Get Book

Science and Common Sense by James B. Conant Pdf

Author : Marion Ledwig
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0820488844

Get Book

Common Sense by Marion Ledwig Pdf

This book stands in the tradition of past and current common sense philosophers, like Reid, Berkeley, Sidgwick, Moore, Conant, Slote, Bogdan, and Lemos, who defend common sense, yet it goes beyond their accounts by not only defending common sense but also considering what common sense means. Besides giving a historical exegesis of common sense in Thomas Reid and showing parallels in Austin, Searle, Moore, and Wittgenstein, common sense is also discovered in Hume's An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals and in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. It is made clear how far common sense generalizes, whether proverbs are a form of common sense, and whether common sense can be found in the common knowledge assumption in game theory. Also, folk psychology as a common sense psychology is discussed. In its account of common sense, this book draws on research from history of philosophy, philosophy of mind, and science, linguistics, and game theory to substantiate its position.

Author : Markar Melkonian
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350073753

Get Book

The Philosophy and Common Sense Reader by Markar Melkonian Pdf

What might common sense be? Is it a mental capacity? Or does it consist of just truisms and precepts? If the latter is the case, is this knowledge innate or empirical? Or is it like “human nature”-a term that has played its role in rhetoric, but that does not appear to have a definite, agreed-upon meaning? Indeed we can learn a great deal about some of the most influential modern philosophers, from the Enlightenment to Ludwig Wittgenstein and W.V.O. Quine, by examining what they have to say about common sense, whilst the anthropologist Clifford Geertz observed that common sense “has become a central category, almost the central category, in a wide range of modern philosophical systems.” This book investigates the nature of common sense through a selection of key writings on epistemology, the philosophy of science, the philosophy of religion, meta-ethics and the philosophy of economics and political philosophy. The authors included are representative of the Scottish School, such as David Hume, the Ordinary Language School, and members of the Analytic tradition, including Karl Popper, but they also incorporate thinkers like John Dewey from the American pragmatist tradition, the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, recent popular writers on economics, and even pamphleteers, from Thomas Paine to contemporary engaged journalists. This is the first reader to provide such a comprehensive overview of the central writings on common sense. It features review questions and further reading lists at the end of each section.

Author : Charles Bradford Bow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198783909

Get Book

Common Sense in the Scottish Enlightenment by Charles Bradford Bow Pdf

Common sense philosophy was one of the Scottish Enlightenment's most original intellectual products. The nine specially written essays in this volume explore the philosophical and historical significance of this school of thought, recovering the ways in which it developed during the long eighteenth century.

Author : Colin Cheyne,John Worrall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2006-07-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402042072

Get Book

Rationality and Reality by Colin Cheyne,John Worrall Pdf

Alan Musgrave has consistently defended two positions that he regards as commonsensical: critical realism and critical rationalism. In this volume a group of internationally-renowned authors discuss themes that are relevant in one way or another to Musgrave’s work. Rather than a standard celebratory festschrift, this book offers a new examination of topics of current interest in philosophy. The contributory essays are followed by responses from Alan Musgrave himself.

Author : Laurence Barry Briskman
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004429628

Get Book

A Sceptical Theory of Scientific Inquiry: Problems and Their Progress by Laurence Barry Briskman Pdf

A Sceptical Theory of Scientific Inquiry: Problems and Their Progress presents a distinctive re-interpretation of Popper’s ‘critical rationalism’, displaying the kind of spirit found at the L.S.E. before Popper’s retirement. It offers an alternative to interpretations of critical rationalism which have emphasised the significance of research programmes or metaphysics (Lakatos; Nicholas Maxwell), and is closer to the approach of Jagdish Hattiangadi. Briskman gives priority to methodological argument rather than logical formalisms, and takes further his own work on creativity. In addition to offering an important contribution to the understanding of critical rationalism, the book contains interesting engagements with Michael Polanyi and the Meno Paradox. This volume also contains an introduction by the editor, which situates Briskman’s work in the history of the interpretation of ‘critical rationalism’.

Author : Graham Oppy,N. N. Trakakis,Lynda Burns,Steve Gardner,Fiona Leigh,Michelle Irving
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739166567

Get Book

The Antipodean Philosopher by Graham Oppy,N. N. Trakakis,Lynda Burns,Steve Gardner,Fiona Leigh,Michelle Irving Pdf

In this second volume of The Antipodean Philosopher, Graham Oppy and N.N. Trakakis have brought together fourteen leading Australasian philosophers, inviting them to speak in a frank and accessible way about their philosophical lives: for example, what drew them to a career in philosophy, what philosophy means to them, and their perceptions and criticisms of the ways in which philosophy is studied and taught in Australia and New Zealand. The philosophers interviewed include Brian Ellis, Frank Jackson, Jeff Malpas, Alan Musgrave, Philip Pettit, Graham Priest, Peter Singer and Michael Smith – philosophers who have distinguished themselves in the discipline, both nationally and internationally, over many years and in various branches of philosophy. What emerges from the discussion with these philosophers is a distinctive and engaging narrative of the history of philosophy in Australasia, its recent successes and flourishing, and the problems and prospects facing it in the twenty-first century. These interviews will challenge and entertain anyone with an interest in contemporary philosophy and the challenges of living out the examined life today.

Author : Fred Wilson
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 825 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780802097644

Get Book

The External World and Our Knowledge of it by Fred Wilson Pdf

David Hume is often considered to have been a sceptic, particularly in his conception of the individual's knowledge of the external world. However, a closer examination of his works gives a much different impression of this aspect of Hume's philosophy, one that is due for a thorough scholarly analysis. This study argues that Hume was, in fact, a critical realist in the early twentieth-century sense, a period in which the term was used to describe the epistemological and ontological theories of such philosophers as Roy Wood Sellars and Bertrand Russell. Carefully situating Hume in his historical context, that is, relative to Aristotelian and rationalist traditions, Fred Wilson makes important and unique insights into Humean philosophy. Analyzing key sections of the Treatise, the Enquiry, and the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, Wilson offers a deeper understanding of Hume by taking into account the philosopher's theories of the external world. Such a reading, the author explains, is not only more faithful to the texts, but also reinforces the view of Hume as a critical realist in light of twentieth-century discussions between externalism and internalism, and between coherentists and foundationalists. Complete with original observations and ideas, this study is sure to generate debates about Humean philosophy, critical realism, and the limits of perceptual knowledge.

Author : Rik Peels,Jeroen de Ridder,René van Woudenberg
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351064217

Get Book

Scientific Challenges to Common Sense Philosophy by Rik Peels,Jeroen de Ridder,René van Woudenberg Pdf

Common sense philosophy holds that widely and deeply held beliefs are justified in the absence of defeaters. While this tradition has always had its philosophical detractors who have defended various forms of skepticism or have sought to develop rival epistemological views, recent advances in several scientific disciplines claim to have debunked the reliability of the faculties that produce our common sense beliefs. At the same time, however, it seems reasonable that we cannot do without common sense beliefs entirely. Arguably, science and the scientific method are built on, and continue to depend on, common sense. This collection of essays debates the tenability of common sense in the face of recent challenges from the empirical sciences. It explores to what extent scientific considerations—rather than philosophical considerations—put pressure on common sense philosophy. The book is structured in a way that promotes dialogue between philosophers and scientists. Noah Lemos, one of the most influential contemporary advocates of the common sense tradition, begins with an overview of the nature and scope of common sense beliefs, and examines philosophical objections to common sense and its relationship to scientific beliefs. Then, the volume features essays by scientists and philosophers of science who discuss various proposed conflicts between commonsensical and scientific beliefs: the reality of space and time, about the nature of human beings, about free will and identity, about rationality, about morality, and about religious belief. Notable philosophers who embrace the common sense tradition respond to these essays to explore the connection between common sense philosophy and contemporary debates in evolutionary biology, neuroscience, physics, and psychology.

Author : Ali Paya
Publisher : ICAS Press
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781907905520

Get Book

Methods, Methodologies, and Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences With Particular Reference to Islamic Studies: A Critical Rationalist Interpretation by Ali Paya Pdf

This book presents the first comprehensive introduction to methods and methodologies in the humanities and social sciences in general, and Islamic Studies in particular, from a critical rationalist point of view. The book aims to be a self-sufficient theoretical and practical guide to the topics that it introduces. It contains a large selection of fully worked out review activities and review questions plus topics for further discussion which are devised to assist readers to better understand the issues which are discussed in the book. Last but not least, all efforts have been made to make sure that most (if not all) of the reading materials which are recommended in the book are not only of the highest quality but also freely available on the internet.

Author : Christopher Norris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2002-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134595259

Get Book

Quantum Theory and the Flight from Realism by Christopher Norris Pdf

This book is a critical introduction to the long-standing debate concerning the conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics and the problems it has posed for physicists and philosophers from Einstein to the present. Quantum theory has been a major infulence on postmodernism, and presents significant problems for realists. Keeping his own realist position in check, Christopher Norris subjects a wide range of key opponents and supporters of realism to a high and equal level of scrutiny. With a characteristic combination of rigour and intellectual generosity, he draws out the merits and weaknesses from opposing arguments. In a sequence of closely argued chapters, Norris examines the premises of orthodox quantum theory, as developed most influentially by Bohr and Heisenberg, and its impact on varous philosophical developments. These include the ideas developed by W.V Quine, Thomas Kuhn, Michael Dummett, Bas van Fraassen, and Hilary Puttnam. In each case, Norris argues, these thinkers have been influenced by the orthodox construal of quantum mechanics as requiring drastic revision of principles which had hitherto defined the very nature of scientific method, causal explanati and rational enquiry. Putting the case for a realist approach which adheres to well-tried scientific principles of causal reasoning and inference to the best explanation, Christopher Norris clarifies these debates to a non-specialist readership and scholars of philosophy, science studies and the philosophy of science alike. Quantum Theory and the Flight From Realism suggests that philosophical reflection can contribute to a better understanding of these crucial, current issues.