Comparative Physiology And Evolution Of Vision In Invertebrates

Author : H. Autrum,M. F. Bennet,B. Diehn,K. Hamdorf,M. Heisenberg,M. Järviletho,P. Kunze,R. Menzel,W. H. Miller,A. W. Snyder,D. G. Stavenga,M. Yoshida
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 729 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642669996

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by H. Autrum,M. F. Bennet,B. Diehn,K. Hamdorf,M. Heisenberg,M. Järviletho,P. Kunze,R. Menzel,W. H. Miller,A. W. Snyder,D. G. Stavenga,M. Yoshida Pdf

In the comparative physiology of photoreception by the Protista and the invertebrates two aspects are emphasized: (1) the diversity of visual processes in these groups and (2) their bearing upon general mechanisms of photoreception. Invertebrates have evolved a far greater variety of adaptations than vertebrates modifications aiding survival in the remarkably different biotopes they occupy. The number of species in itself suggests this multiformity; each of them has peculiarities of its own, in morphology as well as in physiology and behavior. But these special adaptations are variations on a few great themes. Although the catalogue of invertebrate species is immense, the literature concerning them nearly rivals it in extent-even if one considers only that fraction dealing with visual physiology. Taxonomy proceeds by grouping the species, categorizing them in genera, families, orders, and progressively larger units. Similarly, comparative physiology aims at an analogous, more or less compre hensive, classification. This Part A of Volume VII/6, like Part B that follows it, emphasizes the broad questions that concern groups larger than the individual species; in some cases these questions have general applicability. The middle course between approaches that are too specialized and those that are too general is often elusive, but here we attempt to follow it. The vast number of special adaptations-probably, as we have said, as large as the number of species-is beyond the range even of a handbook.

Author : Hansjochem Autrum
Publisher : Springer
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Science
ISBN : NWU:35558001382916

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by Hansjochem Autrum Pdf

Author : M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 635 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1980-11-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3540087036

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman Pdf

Morphology and physiology are two fields which cannot be separated. This statement needs to be amplified: purely factual results of a morphological or physiological nature only have real value when they are gained in the context of certain guiding, embracing questions. By themselves they are mostly of little value, because only a guiding hypothesis or theory is of any importance. Equally, a physiological question will always raise questions as to the morphological substrate, and vice versa. Thus, Wiedemann's discovery, for instance, that the visual cells in each ommatidium of the dipterans have differing fields of vision has revived the question as to what the optical properties of individual visual cells, and the complete ommatidium, might be and how neighboring ommatidia interact. These questions in turn led to that of the morphological, neuronal wiring diagram of the visual cells in the optical ganglia. Within the realm of invertebrates, the morphological and physiological problems of visual perception have been resolved in very different ways on various levels, from the photo receptor to higher centers; despite many investigations, however, there remain unsolved problems. The first chapter of Vol. VII/6B deals with the neuroarchitecture in the visual system of two groups: crustaceans and insects. These systems are best known through recent investigations. The second chapter is devoted to the neural principles in the visual system of insects. It could not have been written without parallel research into morphology.

Author : Hansjochem Autrum
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Evolution (Biology)
ISBN : OCLC:759985597

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by Hansjochem Autrum Pdf

In the comparative physiology of photoreception by the Protista and the invertebrates two aspects are emphasized: (1) the diversity of visual processes in these groups and (2) their bearing upon general mechanisms of photoreception. Invertebrates have evolved a far greater variety of adaptations than vertebrates modifications aiding survival in the remarkably different biotopes they occupy. The number of species in itself suggests this multiformity; each of them has peculiarities of its own, in morphology as well as in physiology and behavior. But these special adaptations are variations on a few great themes. Although the catalogue of invertebrate species is immense, the literature concerning them nearly rivals it in extent-even if one considers only that fraction dealing with visual physiology. Taxonomy proceeds by grouping the species, categorizing them in genera, families, orders, and progressively larger units. Similarly, comparative physiology aims at an analogous, more or less compre hensive, classification. This Part A of Volume VII/6, like Part B that follows it, emphasizes the broad questions that concern groups larger than the individual species; in some cases these questions have general applicability. The middle course between approaches that are too specialized and those that are too general is often elusive, but here we attempt to follow it. The vast number of special adaptations-probably, as we have said, as large as the number of species-is beyond the range even of a handbook.

Author : M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642669077

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman Pdf

Morphology and physiology are two fields which cannot be separated. This statement needs to be amplified: purely factual results of a morphological or physiological nature only have real value when they are gained in the context of certain guiding, embracing questions. By themselves they are mostly of little value, because only a guiding hypothesis or theory is of any importance. Equally, a physiological question will always raise questions as to the morphological substrate, and vice versa. Thus, Wiedemann's discovery, for instance, that the visual cells in each ommatidium of the dipterans have differing fields of vision has revived the question as to what the optical properties of individual visual cells, and the complete ommatidium, might be and how neighboring ommatidia interact. These questions in turn led to that of the morphological, neuronal wiring diagram of the visual cells in the optical ganglia. Within the realm of invertebrates, the morphological and physiological problems of visual perception have been resolved in very different ways on various levels, from the photo receptor to higher centers; despite many investigations, however, there remain unsolved problems. The first chapter of Vol. VII/6B deals with the neuroarchitecture in the visual system of two groups: crustaceans and insects. These systems are best known through recent investigations. The second chapter is devoted to the neural principles in the visual system of insects. It could not have been written without parallel research into morphology.

Author : M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642669093

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by M.F. Land,S.B. Laughlin,D.R. Nässel,N.J. Strausfeld,T.H. Waterman Pdf

Morphology and physiology are two fields which cannot be separated. This statement needs to be amplified: purely factual results of a morphological or physiological nature only have real value when they are gained in the context of certain guiding, embracing questions. By themselves they are mostly of little value, because only a guiding hypothesis or theory is of any importance. Equally, a physiological question will always raise questions as to the morphological substrate, and vice versa. Thus, Wiedemann's discovery, for instance, that the visual cells in each ommatidium of the dipterans have differing fields of vision has revived the question as to what the optical properties of individual visual cells, and the complete ommatidium, might be and how neighboring ommatidia interact. These questions in turn led to that of the morphological, neuronal wiring diagram of the visual cells in the optical ganglia. Within the realm of invertebrates, the morphological and physiological problems of visual perception have been resolved in very different ways on various levels, from the photo receptor to higher centers; despite many investigations, however, there remain unsolved problems. The first chapter of Vol. VII/6B deals with the neuroarchitecture in the visual system of two groups: crustaceans and insects. These systems are best known through recent investigations. The second chapter is devoted to the neural principles in the visual system of insects. It could not have been written without parallel research into morphology.

Author : H. Autrum,L.S. Goodman,J.B. Messenger,R. Wehner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1981-08-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3540104224

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by H. Autrum,L.S. Goodman,J.B. Messenger,R. Wehner Pdf

Volume VII, Part 6 brings to a conclusion the Handbook of Sensory Physiology, the publication of which has spanned 9 years. In the General Preface of Volume I it was stated that: "The purpose of this handbook is not encyclopedic completeness, nor the sort of brief summaries provided by periodic annual reviews. " The Editorial Board and the editors hope that this golden mean has been achieved: An absorbing, thorough, but nevertheless exemplary presentation should, with the aid of relevant examples, enable the reader to become accustomed with the numerous facets of the sensory system without sacrificing an overview of the subject. The main issues of sensory physiology were formulated in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by JOHANNES MULLER, H. VON HELMHOLTZ, E. HERING, S. EXNER, 1. VON KRIES, W. TRENDELENBURG, and E. D. ADRIAN, to name but a few. Modern development in the field has been characterized by interdisciplinary cooperation, the foundation for which was laid in the second half of the nineteenth century by VON HELMHOLTZ, EXNER, MAXWELL, and others. Progress made in bio chemistry, physics, mathematics, and information theory has not only made pos sible unanticipated refinement of methods of measurement; it has above all per mitted the transformation of mere hypotheses into established, accepted theories as well as revealing new problems. However, at the same time such development has, in recent decades, resulted in the literature becoming dispersed in specialist journals; consequently, it has grown increasingly difficult to survey.

Author : Michael F. Land,Dan-Eric Nilsson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199581146

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Animal Eyes by Michael F. Land,Dan-Eric Nilsson Pdf

This book covers the way that all known types of eyes work, from their optics to the behaviour they guide. The ways that eyes sample the world in space and time are considered, and the evolutionary origins of eyes are discussed. This new edition incorporates discoveries made since the first edition published in 2001.

Author : F. Crescitelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642664687

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The Visual System in Vertebrates by F. Crescitelli Pdf

The vertebrate eye has been, and continues to be, an object of interest and of inquiry for biologists, physicists, chemists, psychologists, and others. Quite apart from its important role in the development of ophthalmology and related medical disciplines, the vertebrate eye is an exemplar of the ingenuity of living systems in adapting to the diverse and changing environments in which vertebrates have evolved. The wonder is not so much that the visual system, like other body systems, has been able to adapt in this way, but rather that these adaptations have taken such a variety of forms. In a previous volume in this series (VII/I) Eakin expressed admiration for the diversity of invertebrate photoreceptors. A comparable situation exists for the vertebrate eye as a whole and one object of this volume is to present to the reader the nature of this diversity. One result of this diversification of ocular structures and properties is that the experimental biologist has available a number of systems for study that are unique or especially favorable for the investigation of particular questions in visual science or neurobiology. This volume includes some examples of progress made by the use of such specially selected vertebrate systems. It is our hope that this comparative approach will continue to reveal new and useful preparations for the examination of important questions.

Author : Hansjochem Autrum
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 754 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Anatomy, Comparative
ISBN : UVA:X001391123

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Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates by Hansjochem Autrum Pdf

Author : Eric Warrant,Dan-Eric Nilsson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2006-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521830881

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Invertebrate Vision by Eric Warrant,Dan-Eric Nilsson Pdf

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Author : S. Archer,M.B. Djamgoz,E. Loew,J.C. Partridge,S. Vallerga
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401706193

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Adaptive Mechanisms in the Ecology of Vision by S. Archer,M.B. Djamgoz,E. Loew,J.C. Partridge,S. Vallerga Pdf

John Lythgoe was one of the pioneers of the 'Ecology of Vision', a subject that he ably delineated in his classic and inspirational book published some 20 years ago [1]. At heart, the original book aimed generally to identify inter-relationships between vision, animal behaviour and the environment. John Lythgoe excelled at identifying the interesting 'questions' in the ecology of an animal that fitted the 'answers' presented by an analysis of the visual system. Over the last twenty years, however, since Lythgoe's landmark publication, much progress has been made and the field has broadened considerably. In particular, our understanding of the 'adaptive mechanisms' underlying the ecology of vision has reached considerable depths, extending to the molecular dimension, partly as a result of development and application of new techniques. This complements the advances made in parallel in clinically oriented vision research [2]. The current book endeavours to review the progress made in the ecology of vision field by bringing together many of the major researchers presently active in the expanded subject area. The contents deal with theoretical and physical considerations of light and photoreception, present examples of visual system structure and function, and delve into aspects of visual behaviour and communi cation. Throughout the book, we have tried to emphasise one of the major themes to emerge within the ecology of vision: the high degree of adaptability that visual mechanisms are capable of undergoing in response to diverse, and dynamic, environments and behaviours.

Author : M. A. Ali
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 856 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461327431

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Photoreception and Vision in Invertebrates by M. A. Ali Pdf

I see a man's life is a tedious one. Cymbeline, Act III, Sc. 6. It is well known that the best way to learn a subject is to teach it! Along the same lines one might also say that a pleasant way of learning a subject and at the same time getting to know quite a few of the workers active in it, is to arrange and to attend an Advanced Study Institute (ASI) or a workshop lasting about two weeks. This was and is the wisdom behind the NA TO-ASI programme and much as people fear that a fortnight may be too long, before it is over everyone feels that it was too short, especially if the weather had cooperated. Organising this ASI which resulted in this volume has been a very good learning experience. I started my career in research with invertebrates and retained an interest in them over the years due to my teaching a course and working sporadically on various aspects of photoreception in Polychaetes, Crustaceans and Insects. Thus, the thought of organising an ASI on photoreception and vision in invertebrates had been brewing in my mind for the past half a dozen years or so. It was felt that it will be desirable to do a bit of stock taking and discuss possible new approaches to the study of this matter.

Author : Jerome Jay Wolken
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Science
ISBN : UCAL:B5022596

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Invertebrate Photoreceptors by Jerome Jay Wolken Pdf

Invertebrate Photoreceptors: A Comparative Analysis covers the structure and pigment chemistry of invertebrate photoreceptors. The book discusses the photobehavior and photoreceptor systems of invertebrate animals; the protozoan photoreceptor; and the compound eye. The text also describes the crustacean and mollusc eyes; the vertebrate retinal photoreceptors; and the invertebrate eye and its visual pigments. The book concludes with discussions on primitive photoreceptors; spectral sensitivity, pigments, and color vision; and polarized light analysis. Biologists and people involved in the study ...

Author : Ivan R Schwab
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199708727

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Evolution's Witness by Ivan R Schwab Pdf

With predation and carnivory as catalysts, the first known eye appeared in a trilobite during the Cambrian explosion approximately 543 million years ago. This period was a crucible of evolution and teemed with anatomic creativity although the journey to formed vision actually began billions of years before that. The Cambrian period, however, spawned nearly all morphologic forms of the eye, followed by descent over hundreds of millions of years providing an unimaginable variety of eyes with at least ten different designs. Some eyes display spectacular creativity with mirror, scanning or telephoto optics. Some of these ocular designs are merely curiosities, while others offer the finest visual potential packed into a small space, limited only by the laws of diffraction or physiological optics. For example, some spiders developed tiny, well-formed eyes with scanning optics and three visual pigments; scallops have 40-100 eyes circling their mantle, each of which has mirror optics and contains two separate retinae per eye; deep ocean fish have eyes shaped like tubes containing yellow lenses to break camouflage; and some birds have vision five times better than ours; but this is only part of the story. Each animal alive today has an eye that fits is niche perfectly demonstrating the intimacy of the evolutionary process as no other organ could. The evolution of the eye is one of the best examples of Darwinian principles. Although few eyes fossilize in any significant manner, many details of this evolution are known and understood. From initial photoreception 3.75 billion years ago to early spatial recognition in the first cupped eyespot in Euglena to fully formed camera style eyes the size of beach balls in ichthyosaurs, animals have processed light to compete and survive in their respective niches. It is evolution's greatest gift and its greatest triumph. This is the story of the evolution of the eye.