Computing In Cause Effect Structures

Author : Ludwik Czaja
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030888138

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Computing in Cause-Effect Structures by Ludwik Czaja Pdf

This book focuses on numerous examples of tasks represented by c-e structure. Cause–effect (c-e) structures are dynamic objects devised for algebraic and graphic description of realistic tasks. They constitute a formal system providing means to specify or implement (depending on degree of description generality) the tasks. They can be transformed, thus come under simplification, in accordance with rules-axioms of their algebra. Also, their properties can be inferred from the axioms. One objective of this book is presentation, by many realistic examples, of computing capability of c-e structures, without entering into mathematical details of their algebra. In particular, how computing with natural numbers and in propositional calculus can be performed by c-e structures and how to specify behavior of data structures. But also demonstration of many other tasks taken from the area of parallel processing, specified as c-e structures. Another objective is modelling or simulation by means of c-e structures, of other descriptive systems, devised for tasks from various fields. Also without formalizing by usage of functions between the systems. This concerns formalisms such as reaction systems, rough sets, Petri nets and CSP-like languages. Also on such, where temporal interdependence between actions matters. The presentation of examples is prevalently graphic, in the form of peculiar nets, but accompanied by their algebraic and set-theoretic expressions. A fairly complete exposition of concepts and properties of the algebra of cause-effect structures is in the previous book appeared in the Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems series. But basic notions of c-e structures are here provided for understanding the examples.

Author : Ludwik Czaja
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031555909

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Cellular Cause-Effect Structures by Ludwik Czaja Pdf

Author : Ludwik Czaja
Publisher : Springer
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030204617

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Cause-Effect Structures by Ludwik Czaja Pdf

This book presents a new algebraic system whose interpretation coincides with the behaviour of Petri nets, enhanced with an inhibitory mechanism and four time models. Its goal is to provide a formal means of modelling dynamic tasks, and of testing and verifying properties, in contexts characterised by the parallel execution of actions. However, the task description differs from that of Petri nets. The algebra is a quasi-semiring, “quasi” because of its somewhat restricted distributivity axiom. Expressions of this algebra, the cause–effect structures, have a graphic presentation as nets, but with one kind of named nodes, each annotated by two expressions that specify the type of signal reception from predecessors and transmission to successors. Many structural and behavioural properties are stated with proofs, and illustrative sample tasks are included. The book is intended for all those interested or involved in parallel and distributed computing – students, researchers and practitioners alike.

Author : Christof Koch
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262539555

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The Feeling of Life Itself by Christof Koch Pdf

A thought-provoking argument that consciousness—more widespread than previously assumed—is the feeling of being alive, not a type of computation or a clever hack In The Feeling of Life Itself, Christof Koch offers a straightforward definition of consciousness as any subjective experience, from the most mundane to the most exalted—the feeling of being alive. Psychologists study which cognitive operations underpin a given conscious perception. Neuroscientists track the neural correlates of consciousness in the brain, the organ of the mind. But why the brain and not, say, the liver? How can the brain—three pounds of highly excitable matter, a piece of furniture in the universe, subject to the same laws of physics as any other piece—give rise to subjective experience? Koch argues that what is needed to answer these questions is a quantitative theory that starts with experience and proceeds to the brain. In The Feeling of Life Itself, Koch outlines such a theory, based on integrated information. Koch describes how the theory explains many facts about the neurology of consciousness and how it has been used to build a clinically useful consciousness meter. The theory predicts that many, and perhaps all, animals experience the sights and sounds of life; consciousness is much more widespread than conventionally assumed. Contrary to received wisdom, however, Koch argues that programmable computers will not have consciousness. Even a perfect software model of the brain is not conscious. Its simulation is fake consciousness. Consciousness is not a special type of computation—it is not a clever hack. Consciousness is about being.

Author : Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 2194 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-04
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781522576648

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Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by Management Association, Information Resources Pdf

In a diverse society, the ability to cross communication barriers is critical to the success of any individual personally, professionally, and academically. With the constant acceleration of course programs and technology, educators are continually being challenged to develop and implement creative methods for engaging English-speaking and non-English-speaking learners. Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that examines the relationship between language education and technology and the potential for curriculum enhancements through the use of mobile technologies, flipped instruction, and language-learning software. This multi-volume book is geared toward educators, researchers, academics, linguists, and upper-level students seeking relevant research on the improvement of language education through the use of technology.

Author : Mark F. Horstemeyer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119018391

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Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) for Metals by Mark F. Horstemeyer Pdf

Focuses entirely on demystifying the field and subject of ICME and provides step-by-step guidance on its industrial application via case studies This highly-anticipated follow-up to Mark F. Horstemeyer’s pedagogical book on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) concepts includes engineering practice case studies related to the analysis, design, and use of structural metal alloys. A welcome supplement to the first book—which includes the theory and methods required for teaching the subject in the classroom—Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) For Metals: Concepts and Case Studies focuses on engineering applications that have occurred in industries demonstrating the ICME methodologies, and aims to catalyze industrial diffusion of ICME technologies throughout the world. The recent confluence of smaller desktop computers with enhanced computing power coupled with the emergence of physically-based material models has created the clear trend for modeling and simulation in product design, which helped create a need to integrate more knowledge into materials processing and product performance. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) For Metals: Case Studies educates those seeking that knowledge with chapters covering: Body Centered Cubic Materials; Designing An Interatomic Potential For Fe-C Alloys; Phase-Field Crystal Modeling; Simulating Dislocation Plasticity in BCC Metals by Integrating Fundamental Concepts with Macroscale Models; Steel Powder Metal Modeling; Hexagonal Close Packed Materials; Multiscale Modeling of Pure Nickel; Predicting Constitutive Equations for Materials Design; and more. Presents case studies that connect modeling and simulation for different materials' processing methods for metal alloys Demonstrates several practical engineering problems to encourage industry to employ ICME ideas Introduces a new simulation-based design paradigm Provides web access to microstructure-sensitive models and experimental database Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) For Metals: Case Studies is a must-have book for researchers and industry professionals aiming to comprehend and employ ICME in the design and development of new materials.

Author : Nicholas V. Findler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642757365

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Contributions to a Computer-Based Theory of Strategies by Nicholas V. Findler Pdf

People use the word strategy in a variety of different contexts. The term has connotations ranging from statesmanship to economic planning, and has become pervasive in the social sciences. We also talk about "problem solving strategies" and "corporate strategy" in a large business enterprise. The concept of strategy applies whenever a sequence of goal-oriented actions is based on large-scale and long-range planning. This monograph gives a systematic overview of the theory of strategies, a new area of enquiry developed over the past two decades by the author and his team. The projects described have clearly defined research objectives and are based on realistic assumptions about the environments in which the programming systems will work, and about the constraints and requirements they have to satisfy. Applications of the systems range over various aspects of air traffic control, automatic verification and validation of discrete-event simulation models, econometric model building, distributed planning systems for manufacturing, control of traffic lights, and others. The book is aimed at researchers, teachers and students in computer science, management science and certain areas of engineering. The reader should have some maturity in computer science and mathematics, and familiarity with the basic concepts of artificial intelligence.

Author : Wen-Jyi Hwang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789535133155

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Recent Progress in Parallel and Distributed Computing by Wen-Jyi Hwang Pdf

Parallel and distributed computing has been one of the most active areas of research in recent years. The techniques involved have found significant applications in areas as diverse as engineering, management, natural sciences, and social sciences. This book reports state-of-the-art topics and advances in this emerging field. Completely up-to-date, aspects it examines include the following: 1) Social networks; 2) Smart grids; 3) Graphic processing unit computation; 4) Distributed software development tools; 5) Analytic hierarchy process and the analytic network process

Author : Janet H. Murray
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11-23
Category : Design
ISBN : 9780262302807

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Inventing the Medium by Janet H. Murray Pdf

A foundational text offering a unified design vocabulary and a common methodology for maximizing the expressive power of digital artifacts. Digital artifacts from iPads to databases pervade our lives, and the design decisions that shape them affect how we think, act, communicate, and understand the world. But the pace of change has been so rapid that technical innovation is outstripping design. Interactors are often mystified and frustrated by their enticing but confusing new devices; meanwhile, product design teams struggle to articulate shared and enduring design goals. With Inventing the Medium, Janet Murray provides a unified vocabulary and a common methodology for the design of digital objects and environments. It will be an essential guide for both students and practitioners in this evolving field. Murray explains that innovative interaction designers should think of all objects made with bits—whether games or Web pages, robots or the latest killer apps—as belonging to a single new medium: the digital medium. Designers can speed the process of useful and lasting innovation by focusing on the collective cultural task of inventing this new medium. Exploring strategies for maximizing the expressive power of digital artifacts, Murray identifies and examines four representational affordances of digital environments that provide the core palette for designers across applications: computational procedures, user participation, navigable space, and encyclopedic capacity. Each chapter includes a set of Design Explorations—creative exercises for students and thought experiments for practitioners—that allow readers to apply the ideas in the chapter to particular design problems. Inventing the Medium also provides more than 200 illustrations of specific design strategies drawn from multiple genres and platforms and a glossary of design concepts.

Author : Adam Liwo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642285547

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Computational Methods to Study the Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecules and Biomolecular Processes by Adam Liwo Pdf

Since the second half of the 20th century machine computations have played a critical role in science and engineering. Computer-based techniques have become especially important in molecular biology, since they often represent the only viable way to gain insights into the behavior of a biological system as a whole. The complexity of biological systems, which usually needs to be analyzed on different time- and size-scales and with different levels of accuracy, requires the application of different approaches, ranging from comparative analysis of sequences and structural databases, to the analysis of networks of interdependence between cell components and processes, through coarse-grained modeling to atomically detailed simulations, and finally to molecular quantum mechanics. This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern computer-based techniques for computing the structure, properties and dynamics of biomolecules and biomolecular processes. The twenty-two chapters, written by scientists from all over the world, address the theory and practice of computer simulation techniques in the study of biological phenomena. The chapters are grouped into four thematic sections dealing with the following topics: the methodology of molecular simulations; applications of molecular simulations; bioinformatics methods and use of experimental information in molecular simulations; and selected applications of molecular quantum mechanics. The book includes an introductory chapter written by Harold A. Scheraga, one of the true pioneers in simulation studies of biomacromolecules.

Author : Robert Stroud,Janet Finer-Moore
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781847557964

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Computational and Structural Approaches to Drug Discovery by Robert Stroud,Janet Finer-Moore Pdf

Computational methods impact all aspects of modern drug discovery and most notably these methods move rapidly from academic exercises to becoming drugs in clinical trials... This insightful book represents the experience and understanding of the global experts in the field and spotlights both the structural and medicinal chemistry aspects of drug design. The need to 'encode' the factors that determine adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology are explored, as they remain the critical issues in this area of research. This indispensable resource provides the reader with: * A rich understanding of modern approaches to docking * A comparison and critical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods * Details on harnessing computational methods for both analysis and prediction * An insight into prediction potencies and protocols for unbiased evaluations of docking and scoring algorithms * Critical reviews of current fragment based methods with perceptive applications to kinases Addressing a wide range of uses of protein structures for drug discovery the Editors have created and essential reference for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry and moreover an indispensable core text for all graduate level courses covering molecular interactions and drug discovery.

Author : Beniamino Murgante,Osvaldo Gervasi,Sanjay Misra,Nadia Nedjah,Ana Maria Alves Coutinho Rocha,David Taniar,Bernady O. Apduhan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 759 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642310751

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Computational Science and Its Applications -- ICCSA 2012 by Beniamino Murgante,Osvaldo Gervasi,Sanjay Misra,Nadia Nedjah,Ana Maria Alves Coutinho Rocha,David Taniar,Bernady O. Apduhan Pdf

The four-volume set LNCS 7333-7336 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2012, held in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, in June 2012. The four volumes contain papers presented in the following workshops: 7333 - advances in high performance algorithms and applications (AHPAA); bioinspired computing and applications (BIOCA); computational geometry and applicatons (CGA); chemistry and materials sciences and technologies (CMST); cities, technologies and planning (CTP); 7334 - econometrics and multidimensional evaluation in the urban environment (EMEUE); geographical analysis, urban modeling, spatial statistics (Geo-An-Mod); 7335 - optimization techniques and applications (OTA); mobile communications (MC); mobile-computing, sensind and actuation for cyber physical systems (MSA4CPS); remote sensing (RS); 7336 - software engineering processes and applications (SEPA); software quality (SQ); security and privacy in computational sciences (SPCS); soft computing and data engineering (SCDE). The topics of the fully refereed papers are structured according to the four major conference themes: 7333 - computational methods, algorithms and scientific application; 7334 - geometric modelling, graphics and visualization; 7335 - information systems and technologies; 7336 - high performance computing and networks.

Author : Ephraim Nissan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1375 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-06-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789048189908

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Computer Applications for Handling Legal Evidence, Police Investigation and Case Argumentation by Ephraim Nissan Pdf

This book provides an overview of computer techniques and tools — especially from artificial intelligence (AI) — for handling legal evidence, police intelligence, crime analysis or detection, and forensic testing, with a sustained discussion of methods for the modelling of reasoning and forming an opinion about the evidence, methods for the modelling of argumentation, and computational approaches to dealing with legal, or any, narratives. By the 2000s, the modelling of reasoning on legal evidence has emerged as a significant area within the well-established field of AI & Law. An overview such as this one has never been attempted before. It offers a panoramic view of topics, techniques and tools. It is more than a survey, as topic after topic, the reader can get a closer view of approaches and techniques. One aim is to introduce practitioners of AI to the modelling legal evidence. Another aim is to introduce legal professionals, as well as the more technically oriented among law enforcement professionals, or researchers in police science, to information technology resources from which their own respective field stands to benefit. Computer scientists must not blunder into design choices resulting in tools objectionable for legal professionals, so it is important to be aware of ongoing controversies. A survey is provided of argumentation tools or methods for reasoning about the evidence. Another class of tools considered here is intended to assist in organisational aspects of managing of the evidence. Moreover, tools appropriate for crime detection, intelligence, and investigation include tools based on link analysis and data mining. Concepts and techniques are introduced, along with case studies. So are areas in the forensic sciences. Special chapters are devoted to VIRTOPSY (a procedure for legal medicine) and FLINTS (a tool for the police). This is both an introductory book (possibly a textbook), and a reference for specialists from various quarters.

Author : Carl Whithaus
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-04-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317441427

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Teaching and Evaluating Writing in the Age of Computers and High-Stakes Testing by Carl Whithaus Pdf

This book takes on a daunting task: How do writing teachers continue to work toward preparing students for academic and real-world communication situations, while faced with the increasing use of standardized high-stakes testing? Teachers need both the technical ability to deal with this reality and the ideological means to critique the information technologies and assessment methods that are transforming the writing classroom. Teaching and Evaluating Writing in the Age of Computers and High-Stakes Testing serves this dual need by offering a theoretical framework, actual case studies, and practical methods for evaluating student writing. By examining issues in writing assessment--ranging from the development of electronic portfolios to the impact of state-wide, standards-based assessment methods on secondary and post-secondary courses--this book discovers four situated techniques of authentic assessment that are already in use at a number of locales throughout the United States. These techniques stress: *interacting with students as communicators using synchronous and asynchronous environments; *describing the processes and products of student learning rather than enumerating deficits; *situating pedagogy and evaluation within systems that incorporate rather than exclude local variables; and *distributing assessment among diverse audiences. By advocating for a flexible system of communication-based assessment in computer-mediated writing instruction, this book validates teachers' and students' experiences with writing and also acknowledges the real-world weight of the new writing components on the SAT and ACT, as well as on state-mandated standardized writing and proficiency exams.

Author : Harold Pashler
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 897 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781412950572

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Encyclopedia of the Mind by Harold Pashler Pdf

It's hard to conceive of a topic of more broad and personal interest than the study of the mind. In addition to its traditional investigation by the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, the mind has also been a focus of study in the fields of philosophy, economics, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, molecular biology, education, and literature. In all these approaches, there is an almost universal fascination with how the mind works and how it affects our lives and our behavior. Studies of the mind and brain have crossed many exciting thresholds in recent years, and the study of mind now represents a thoroughly cross-disciplinary effort. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines seek answers to such questions as: What is mind? How does it operate? What is consciousness? This encyclopedia brings together scholars from the entire range of mind-related academic disciplines from across the arts and humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and computer science and engineering to explore the multidimensional nature of the human mind.