Considerations For The Design Of A Systematic Review Of Interventions For Preventing Clinical Alzheimer S Type Dementia Mild Cognitive Impairment And Age Related Cognitive Decline

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Considerations for the Design of a Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing Clinical Alzheimer's-Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Decreasing the Risk of Alzheimer's-Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-Related Cognitive Impairment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309389563

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Considerations for the Design of a Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing Clinical Alzheimer's-Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Decreasing the Risk of Alzheimer's-Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-Related Cognitive Impairment Pdf

The National Institutes of Health - and many other organizations and individuals worldwide - are interested in the state of the science on preventing Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive decline. This letter report reviews the evidence on interventions to decrease the risk of developing clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia and mild cognitive impairment, and delay or slow age-related cognitive decline. It also makes recommendations that inform public health messaging on preventative interventions and recommendations for future research.

Considerations for the Design of a Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing Clinical Alzheimer's-type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-related Cognitive Decline

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Alzheimer's disease
ISBN : OCLC:933584297

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Considerations for the Design of a Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing Clinical Alzheimer's-type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Age-related Cognitive Decline by Anonim Pdf

The National Institutes of Health--and many other organizations and individuals worldwide--are interested in the state of the science on preventing Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive decline. This letter report reviews the evidence on interventions to decrease the risk of developing clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia and mild cognitive impairment, and delay or slow age-related cognitive decline. It also makes recommendations that inform public health messaging on preventative interventions and recommendations for future research.

Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459594

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Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Pdf

Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.

Cognitive Aging

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309368650

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Cognitive Aging by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging Pdf

For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.

Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9241548398

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Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases by World Health Organization Pdf

"These guidelines provide recommendations on the diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes and the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care in low-resource settings."--Publisher description.

Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459624

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Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Pdf

Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.

Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods

Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services,Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1484997069

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Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services,Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Pdf

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) commissioned the RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) to explore how systematic review groups have dealt with clinical heterogeneity and to seek out best practices for addressing clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews (SRs) and comparative effectiveness reviews (CERs). Such best practices, to the extent they exist, may enable AHRQ's EPCs to address critiques from patients, clinicians, policymakers, and other proponents of health care about the extent to which “average” estimates of the benefits and harms of health care interventions apply to individual patients or to small groups of patients sharing similar characteristics. Such users of reviews often assert that EPC reviews typically focus on broad populations and, as a result, often lack information relevant to patient subgroups that are of particular concern to them. More important, even when EPCs evaluate literature on homogeneous groups, there may be varying individual treatment for no apparent reason, indicating that average treatment effect does not point to the best treatment for any given individual. Thus, the health care community is looking for better ways to develop information that may foster better medical care at a “personal” or “individual” level. To address our charge for this methods project, the EPC set out to answer six key questions (KQ). Key questions for methods report on clinical heterogeneity include: 1. What is clinical heterogeneity? a. How has it been defined by various groups? b. How is it distinct from statistical heterogeneity? c. How does it fit with other issues that have been addressed by the AHRQ Methods Manual for CERs? 2. How have systematic reviews dealt with clinical heterogeneity in the key questions? a. What questions have been asked? b. How have they pre-identified population subgroups with common clinical characteristics that modify their intervention-outcome association? c. What are best practices in key questions and how these subgroups have been identified? 3. How have systematic reviews dealt with clinical heterogeneity in the review process? a. What do guidance documents of various systematic review groups recommend? b. How have EPCs handled clinical heterogeneity in their reviews? c. What are best practices in searching for and interpreting results for particular subgroups with common clinical characteristics that may modify their intervention-outcome association? 4. What are critiques in how systematic reviews handle clinical heterogeneity? a. What are critiques from specific reviews (peer and public) on how EPCs handled clinical heterogeneity? b. What general critiques (in the literature) have been made against how systematic reviews handle clinical heterogeneity? 5. What evidence is there to support how to best address clinical heterogeneity in a systematic review? 6. What questions should an EPC work group on clinical heterogeneity address? Heterogeneity (of any type) in EPC reviews is important because its appearance suggests that included studies differed on one or more dimensions such as patient demographics, study designs, coexisting conditions, or other factors. EPCs then need to clarify for clinical and other audiences, collectively referred to as stakeholders, what are the potential causes of the heterogeneity in their results. This will allow the stakeholders to understand whether and to what degree they can apply this information to their own patients or constituents. Of greatest importance for this project was clinical heterogeneity, which we define as the variation in study population characteristics, coexisting conditions, cointerventions, and outcomes evaluated across studies included in an SR or CER that may influence or modify the magnitude of the intervention measure of effect (e.g., odds ratio, risk ratio, risk difference).

Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral Cognitive and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Decadal Survey of Behavioral and Social Science Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0309495032

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Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral Cognitive and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Decadal Survey of Behavioral and Social Science Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias Pdf

As the largest generation in U.S. history - the population born in the two decades immediately following World War II - enters the age of risk for cognitive impairment, growing numbers of people will experience dementia (including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias). By one estimate, nearly 14 million people in the United States will be living with dementia by 2060. Like other hardships, the experience of living with dementia can bring unexpected moments of intimacy, growth, and compassion, but these diseases also affect people's capacity to work and carry out other activities and alter their relationships with loved ones, friends, and coworkers. Those who live with and care for individuals experiencing these diseases face challenges that include physical and emotional stress, difficult changes and losses in their relationships with life partners, loss of income, and interrupted connections to other activities and friends. From a societal perspective, these diseases place substantial demands on communities and on the institutions and government entities that support people living with dementia and their families, including the health care system, the providers of direct care, and others. Nevertheless, research in the social and behavioral sciences points to possibilities for preventing or slowing the development of dementia and for substantially reducing its social and economic impacts. At the request of the National Institute on Aging of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America assesses the contributions of research in the social and behavioral sciences and identifies a research agenda for the coming decade. This report offers a blueprint for the next decade of behavioral and social science research to reduce the negative impact of dementia for America's diverse population. Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America calls for research that addresses the causes and solutions for disparities in both developing dementia and receiving adequate treatment and support. It calls for research that sets goals meaningful not just for scientists but for people living with dementia and those who support them as well. By 2030, an estimated 8.5 million Americans will have Alzheimer's disease and many more will have other forms of dementia. Through identifying priorities social and behavioral science research and recommending ways in which they can be pursued in a coordinated fashion, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America will help produce research that improves the lives of all those affected by dementia.

Subcortical Vascular Dementia

Author : Rita Moretti
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Brain
ISBN : 1594549966

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Subcortical Vascular Dementia by Rita Moretti Pdf

Vascular dementia is one of the most common forms of mental deterioration for the elderly, second only to Alzheimer's disease. It should not be defined as a single disease, but rather as a group of syndromes that relate to different vascular mechanisms. This is one of the first books to be solely dedicated to the specific class of vascular dementia known as subcortical vascular dementia. The strict focus of the chapters give an depth review that will clarify many different aspects and give an unprecedented amount of detail about this clinical problem. Considering that vascular dementia can be prevented with early diagnosis, the research presented in this book will be important for both students and specialists of this important field.

Old Age Psychiatry

Author : Bart Sheehan,Salman Karim,Alistair Burns
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199216525

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Old Age Psychiatry by Bart Sheehan,Salman Karim,Alistair Burns Pdf

Psychiatric disorders like dementia and depression are very common among older people. Written by experts in clinical practice, this handbook provides an easy to use and comprehensive account of what is known about these conditions, how clinicians can respond to given situations, and how services can be best organised.

Active and Healthy Aging and Quality of Life: Interventions and Outlook for the Future

Author : Yulan Lin,Waqas Sami,Mila Nu Nu Htay,Sudip Bhattacharya
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2024-04-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832542750

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Active and Healthy Aging and Quality of Life: Interventions and Outlook for the Future by Yulan Lin,Waqas Sami,Mila Nu Nu Htay,Sudip Bhattacharya Pdf

The continuous growth of older adult populations, as a consequence of demographic changes, is a huge challenge. To prevent costly and negative impacts effects on the population as a whole, it is crucial that societies increase their knowledge of promoting good health among older adults, to promote good health and a better quality of life in their later years. Active aging is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation, and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. An active and healthy life has remained one of the most important aspirations for all people, both young and older adults alike. This ambition has become a genuine possibility for many due to a rising life expectancy among people of diverse attributes across the world. While celebrating longer life and with more financial security in later life than ever before, we need to challenge how these aspirations can be sustained, through our own behavioural responses and through public policy, institutional reforms, and innovations. The challenge is to identify, recommend, and promote strategies and interventions that stimulate and sustain the activity, independence, and health of people of all ages, especially older adults and, in the process, promote the well-being and quality of life of people and make public welfare systems more sustainable.

Cognitive Training

Author : Tilo Strobach,Julia Karbach
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319426624

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Cognitive Training by Tilo Strobach,Julia Karbach Pdf

This book brings together a cutting edge international team of contributors to critically review the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of training interventions designed to improve cognitive functions in different target populations. There is substantial evidence that cognitive and physical training can improve cognitive performance, but these benefits seem to vary as a function of the type and the intensity of interventions and the way training-induced gains are measured and analyzed. This book further fulfills the need for clarification of the mechanisms underlying cognitive and neural changes occurring after training. This book offers a comprehensive overview of empirical findings and methodological approaches of cognitive training research in different cognitive domains (memory, executive functions, etc.), types of training (working memory training, video game training, physical training, etc.), age groups (from children to young and older adults), target populations (children with developmental disorders, aging workers, MCI patients etc.), settings (laboratory-based studies, applied studies in clinical and educational settings), and methodological approaches (behavioral studies, neuroscientific studies). Chapters feature theoretical models that describe the mechanisms underlying training-induced cognitive and neural changes. Cognitive Training: An Overview of Features and Applications will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, students, and professors in the fields of psychology and neuroscience.

Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Author : Glenn E. Smith,Mark W. Bondi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199764181

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Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia by Glenn E. Smith,Mark W. Bondi Pdf

This book reviews the neuropsychology of common and a few rare neurodegenerative conditions. The mild cognitive impairment prodrome of each condition is highlighted. Chapters include an autopsy-confirmed case presentation from the authors' files, current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, neuropathology/neurophysiology, genetics, neuroimaging, associated clinical features, differential neuropsychological features and possible interventions.

Diet and Cognitive Decline

Author : Francesco Panza,Vincent Solfrizzi,Antonio Capurso
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1594541213

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Diet and Cognitive Decline by Francesco Panza,Vincent Solfrizzi,Antonio Capurso Pdf

The progressive ageing of the general population and the consequent increase of the number of old people has made the typical medical problems of aged people more frequently observed, and particularly the problems related to the ageing brain. This new book is an updated overview of relevant aspects of cognitive decline associated with ageing. Within the wide landscape of brain ageing the authors reconsider the role of the main predisposing factors and risk factors on the development of various form of mental decline, from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The strength of this book is the large, updated overview of the most recent data of scientific literature regarding the role of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors on the predisposition and onset of cognitive decline. Particular attention is paid to the dietary micro- and macronutrients and to their possible role in the pathogenesis of the various form of dementigen disorders.

Handbook of Assessment in Clinical Gerontology

Author : Peter A. Lichtenberg
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010-08-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080959725

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Handbook of Assessment in Clinical Gerontology by Peter A. Lichtenberg Pdf

New trends in mental healthcare practice and a rapid increase in the aged population are causing an explosion in the fields of clinical gerontology and geropsychology today. This comprehensive second edition handbook offers clinicians and graduate students clear guidelines and reliable tools for assessing general mental health, cognitive functioning, functional age, psychosocial health, comorbidity, behavior deficits, and more. Psychopathology, behavioral disorders, changes in cognition, and changes in everyday functioning are addressed in full, and a wide range of conditions and disorders common to this patient population are covered. Each chapter provides an empirical review of assessment instruments, assessment scales in their totality, a review of how these instruments are used with and adapted for different cultural groups, illustration of assessments through case studies, and information on how to utilize ongoing assessment in treatment and/or treatment planning. This combination of elements will make the volume the definitive assessment source for clinicians working with elderly patients. The most comprehensive source of up-to-date data on gerontological assessment, with review articles covering: psychopathology, behavioral disorders, changes in cognition, and changes in everyday functioning Consolidates broadly distributed literature into single source, saving researchers and clinicians time in obtaining and translating information and improving the level of further research and care they can provide Chapters directly address the range of conditions and disorders most common for this patient population - i.e. driving ability, mental competency, sleep, nutrition, sexual functioning, demntias, elder abuse, depression, anxiety disorders, etc Fully informs readers regarding conditions most commonly encountered in real world treatment of an elderly patient population Each chapter cites case studies to illustrate assessment techniques Exposes reader to real-world application of each assessment discussed