Consociational Democracy In Lebanon 1945 1975

Author : Irina Wolf
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783640408047

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Consociational Democracy in Lebanon (1945-1975) by Irina Wolf Pdf

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, language: English, abstract: Lebanon is a unique country of the Middle East. It is very ancient and it is located in such a way that once was called “the gate of the Middle East” . During centuries numerous conquerors invaded Lebanon to gain strategic leverage in regional dominance. There are three major religious groups - Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites – living in the country, of which Maronites are part of a Christian mainstream and Druzes and Shiites are of a Muslim one. Granting independence to Lebanon, the French wanted to secure the position of the Christians and not let it “be absorbed into a Syrian Muslim state.” Lebanon traditionally considered itself the only Christian country in the Arab world and was always backed up by France. The history of Lebanon was filled with religious and violent conflicts, which were inflamed by surrounding nations and often resolved by major powers. The antipathy among Maronites, Druzes, and Shiites was so strong that the solution had to be found urgently. To avoid conflicts among the different subcultures the French established the consociational democracy. Lebanon didn’t completely meet all the core principles of the consociational democracy and it consequently led to the civil war of 1975, to sectarian unrest and struggles for political and economic power. However, the results of the consociational democracy were the peace in Lebanon for thirty years, and the economic prosperity.

Author : Ibrahim Elbadawi,Samir Makdisi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107164208

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Democratic Transitions in the Arab World by Ibrahim Elbadawi,Samir Makdisi Pdf

A cross-country examination of authoritarianism and democracy in North Africa and the Middle East.

Author : Yusri Hazran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317931737

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The Druze Community and the Lebanese State by Yusri Hazran Pdf

One of the fundamental questions of Middle Eastern, and Lebanese studies in particular, is the history of the relationship between the Druze community and the state in modern Lebanon. Arguing that the Druze community has been politically alienated from the Lebanese state, this book explores the historical and political origins of this alienation. The Druze Community and the Lebanese State contends that the origins of this alienation lie in the state’s national ideology, its political confessional system, and the Druze’s historical background during the medieval period. Moreover, this book examines the extent to which the Druze’s attitude vis-à-vis the Lebanese state has been influenced by their historical rivalry with the Maronites. Particular emphasis is placed on the political and ideological practices adopted by the Druze leadership and intelligentsia as they dealt with the changes taking place in their community’s political status following the political settlements of 1920 and 1943 (the establishment of Greater Lebanon and the National Pact, respectively). A welcome addition to existing literature on Lebanon, this book will be an essential reference tool for students and researchers with an interest in nationalism, identity and Middle East Politics more broadly.

Author : Ibrahim Muhammad Aziz
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781793616265

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Power-Sharing in Iraq after 2003 by Ibrahim Muhammad Aziz Pdf

After the collapse of Saddam’s regime in 2003, the most important issue in Iraq was the power-sharing arrangements among communities. At this point, the Iraqi people were presented with the chance to look for another political system which would retain all communities’ participation: consociational democracy, an ideal theme in that kind of system everybody has a voice and contributes to the political process. Therefore, the US-led coalition forces were invested in working to form political order according to power-sharing arrangements and recognized that they needed to do this by gathering Iraqi’s politicians to reach an agreement about power-sharing arrangements.This book concentrates on connections or divergences between formal or informal examples of consociationalism, and the actual practice of these between 2003 and 2014 in Iraq. The author argues that consociational elements are partially reflected in the permanent constitution, and partially implemented throughout the period under investigation, bearing in mind the positive role of the US-led coalition.

Author : Tamirace Fakhoury Mühlbacher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 471 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783531917696

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Democratisation and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather by Tamirace Fakhoury Mühlbacher Pdf

Is democracy possible only in homogeneous societies? Does heterogeneity - clude a stable democracy? Throughout history, ethnic, linguistic, or religious homogeneity whether by circumstance, coercion, or choice, has seemingly been conducive to democracy. In France, democracy was established after the impo- tion of religious uniformity and the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The United States pulled in immigrants who renounced their original affiliations to forge a new identity in a newly born state. Still, defying assumptions, democracies have emerged in heterogeneous states such as the Swiss Confederation, the Successor States of the Holy Roman Empire and, later, those carved out of the previous colonial empires. One common feature is the failure of – often violent – attempts to enforce homogeneity, or the lack of any such attempt in the first place. In the course of time, these divided societies have learned to live in diversity, to pacify their differences, and to find a path - wards peace or at least accommodation. In sum, they went beyond forms of se- rating powers to sharing power. Whether defined by ethnicity, language, religion, or even ideology, communities agreed to a pact on participating in a joint gove- ment based on proportional or even equal representation. It is noteworthy that political systems based on power-sharing were long marg- al in mainstream political science which laid an emphasis on democratic tran- tions in homogeneous societies and on socio-economic or cultural prerequisites that facilitate the rise of democracy.

Author : Irina Wolf
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783640391387

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Comparative analysis of political systems of Lebanon and Switzerland by Irina Wolf Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Political systems in general and in comparison, grade: A, American University of Central Asia, course: Electoral Politics, language: English, abstract: In the beginning of the 21st century nobody spoke out loud about consociational democracy and how it should work in order to prosper the state. It is now possible to analyze the history of the countries, here Lebanon and Switzerland, as well as the profound works of social scientists, which deliberated about the effective implementation of the consociational democracy. Now it is also possible to point out the mistakes of the French mandate in Lebanon, which led to the disastrous results and draw some ideas of how the state could develop if all the core principles of consociational democracy were completed in a right way. In this particular research, Switzerland represents this ‘right way’.

Author : Joel Krieger
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 1305 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199738595

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The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics by Joel Krieger Pdf

The two-volume Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics fills a gap in scholarship on an increasingly important field within Political Science. Comparative Politics, the discipline devoted to the politics of other countries or peoples, has been steadily gaining prominence as a field of study, allowing politics to be viewed from a wider foundation than a concentration on domestic affairs would permit. Comparativists apply various theories and concepts to analyze the similarities and differences between political units, using the results of their research to develop causalities and generalizations. Each of these theories and outcomes are thoroughly defined in the Companion, as are major resultant conclusions, those comparativists who have influenced the field in significant ways, and politicians whose administrations have shaped the evaluation of contrasting governments. Approximately 200 revised and updated articles from the Oxford Companion to Politics of the World would serve as a foundation for the set, while over 100 new entries would thoroughly examine the field in a lasting, more theoretical than current-event-based, way. New entries cover such topics as failed states, Grand Strategies, and Soft Power; important updates include such countries as China and Afghanistan and issues like Capital Punishment, Gender and Politics, and Totalitarianism. Country entries include the most significant nations to permit a focus on non time-sensitive analysis. In addition, 25 1,000-word interpretive essays by notable figures analyze the discipline, its issues and accomplishments. Collectively, entries promote deeper understanding of a field that is often elusive to non-specialists.

Author : Lenard J Cohen,Paul V Warwick
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000307184

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Political Cohesion In A Fragile Mosaic by Lenard J Cohen,Paul V Warwick Pdf

This book represents the first comprehensive empirical investigation of political cohesion in the multi-ethnic state of Yugoslavia, covering the entire period from the nation's independence to the present. The authors base their analysis on an extensive body of aggregate voting data from elections during both the precommunist and communist periods

Author : Beverley Milton-Edwards
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136029448

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Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945 by Beverley Milton-Edwards Pdf

Featuring a brand new examination of Islamic fundamentalism in the wake of the Arab Spring, this fully revised and updated second edition of Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945 analyzes the roots and emergence of Islamic movements in the modern world and the main thinkers that inspired them. Providing a much-needed historical overview of a fast-changing socio-political landscape, the main facets of Islamic fundamentalism are put in a global context, with a thematic debate of issues such as: - the effects of colonialism on Islam - secularism and the Islamic reaction - Islam and violence in the 9/11 era - globalization and transnational Islamist movements - Islam in the wake of the Arab Awakening Islamic Fundamentalism since 1945 provides an authoritative account of the causes and diversity of Islamic fundamentalism, a modern phenomenon which has grabbed the headlines as a grave threat to the West and a potentially revolutionary trend in the Middle East. It is a valuable resource for students and those interested in the history, effects and consequences of these Islamic movements

Author : Norma Wilentz Hess Professor of Political Science Joel Krieger,Nzongola-Ntalaja,Joel Krieger,Margaret E. Crahan,Lawrence R. Jacobs,William A. Joseph,James A. Paul
Publisher : Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
Page : 1051 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2001-08-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195117394

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The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World by Norma Wilentz Hess Professor of Political Science Joel Krieger,Nzongola-Ntalaja,Joel Krieger,Margaret E. Crahan,Lawrence R. Jacobs,William A. Joseph,James A. Paul Pdf

Discusses international affairs, political institutions and leaders, historical development, and sources of political change and conflict throughout the world.

Author : Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004687080

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Armed Forces in Deeply Divided Societies: Lebanon, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Iraq and Burundi by Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif Pdf

Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif critically analyzes civil–military relations and the way armies are constructed in divided societies. To achieve that, the book looks at four case studies with deep divisions and whose armed forces have been reconstructed after civil wars. Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina represent two examples of consociational power-sharing arrangements with functioning armed forces that enjoy wide popular support and neutral in internal affairs. Iraq and Burundi, however, have semi-consociational provisions that have politicized the army and made it a partisan military that has either led to disintegration (as in the case of Iraq) or politicization and loss of legitimacy (as in Burundi).

Author : Nic Rhoodie
Publisher : Springer
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1978-06-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781349043149

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Intergroup Accommodation in Plural Societies by Nic Rhoodie Pdf

Author : Geraint Hughes
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781837641864

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My Enemy's Enemy by Geraint Hughes Pdf

Suitable for contemporary security scholars, and those involved in political/military policy, this title offers terminology intends to clarify scholarly understanding of proxy warfare, a framework for understanding why states seek to use proxies in order to fulfil strategic objectives.

Author : Charles Winslow
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134762408

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Lebanon by Charles Winslow Pdf

Winslow provides a comprehensive history and political analysis of Lebanon from ancient times to the present day. He focuses on the civil and sectarian strife that has characterized the country's past and contemporary history.

Author : Arend Lijphart
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1977-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0300024940

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Democracy in Plural Societies by Arend Lijphart Pdf

While it may be difficult to achieve and maintain stable democratic governments in countries with deep religious, ideological, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic cleavages, Lijphart argues that it is not at all impossible. Through the analysis of political systems in six continents, he demonstrates that what he calls consociational democracy can be successful in severely divided or plural societies. "Here, once again, Arend Lijphart is directing our attention to matters which will surely engage much of the attention of students of comparative politics in the next decade." G. Bingham Powell, Jr., American Political Science Review "A study which can speak to such a wide audience in political science deserves a warm welcome from the profession." Government and Opposition "A copybook example of the comparative method of political analysis, as well as indispensable reading for all who have an interest in the nature and prospects of representative democracy, whether in Europe or beyond."--The Times Higher Education Supplement "This well-written work, containing a wealth of information on politics of many diverse nations, is highly recommended."--Library Journal