Context In The System And Process Of Language

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Context in the System and Process of Language

Ruqaiya Hasan,Sonia S. Hasan,Jonathan J. Webster
Context in the System and Process of Language Book PDF

Author : Ruqaiya Hasan,Sonia S. Hasan,Jonathan J. Webster
Publisher : Equinox
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1904768393

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Context in the System and Process of Language by Ruqaiya Hasan,Sonia S. Hasan,Jonathan J. Webster Pdf

The concept "context of situation" introduced by Malinowski some eighty years ago has now become an essential element of the vocabulary of any linguistic theory whose aim is to reveal the nature of language. With the abandonment of the spurious distinction between competence and performance, the process of language, i.e., language use, has claimed its rightful place in the study of language. The chapters of this book focus on the relations of context and text, conceptualising the latter as language operative in some recognizable social context. It is argued that context is not simply a backdrop for the occurrence of words; rather, it is an active element which on the one hand plays a crucial role in the progression of human discourse and on the other enters into and shapes the very nature of language as process and as system, furnishing the foundation for functionality in language. Acting as the interface between language and society, context analysis reveals the power of language for creating, maintaining and changing human relationships.

The Collected Works of Ruqaiya Hasan

Ruqaiya Hasan,Jonathan Webster
The Collected Works of Ruqaiya Hasan Book PDF

Author : Ruqaiya Hasan,Jonathan Webster
Publisher : Equinox
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1904768342

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The Collected Works of Ruqaiya Hasan by Ruqaiya Hasan,Jonathan Webster Pdf

The development of society, language & mind are co-genetic: each depends upon the other two elements. This book explores the intimate relationships that bind these essential parts of our experiential existence.

Complexity Perspectives on Language, Communication and Society

Àngels Massip-Bonet,Albert Bastardas-Boada
Complexity Perspectives on Language Communication and Society Book PDF

Author : Àngels Massip-Bonet,Albert Bastardas-Boada
Publisher : Springer
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642328176

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Complexity Perspectives on Language, Communication and Society by Àngels Massip-Bonet,Albert Bastardas-Boada Pdf

The “language-communication-society” triangle defies traditional scientific approaches. Rather, it is a phenomenon that calls for an integration of complex, transdisciplinary perspectives, if we are to make any progress in understanding how it works. The highly diverse agents in play are not merely cognitive and/or cultural, but also emotional and behavioural in their specificity. Indeed, the effort may require building a theoretical and methodological body of knowledge that can effectively convey the characteristic properties of phenomena in human terms. New complexity approaches allow us to rethink our limited and mechanistic images of human societies and create more appropriate emo-cognitive dynamic and holistic models. We have to enter into dialogue with the complexity views coming out of other more ‘material’ sciences, but we also need to take steps in the linguistic and psycho-sociological fields towards creating perspectives and concepts better fitted to human characteristics. Our understanding of complexity is different – but not opposed – to the one that is more commonly found in texts written by people working in physics or computer science, for example. The goal of this book is to extend the knowledge of these other more ‘human’ or socially oriented perspectives on complexity, taking account of the language and communication singularities of human agents in society. Our understanding of complexity is different – but not opposed – to the one that is more commonly found in texts written by people working in physics or computer science, for example. The goal of this book is to extend the knowledge of these other more ‘human’ or socially oriented perspectives on complexity, taking account of the language and communication singularities of human agents in society.

System in Systemic Functional Linguistics

Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen
System in Systemic Functional Linguistics Book PDF

Author : Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen
Publisher : Equinox Publishing (UK)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-15
Category : Functionalism (Linguistics)
ISBN : 1781799016

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System in Systemic Functional Linguistics by Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen Pdf

This book introduces the notion of system as the foundation of the systemic functional architecture of language.

Object Oriented Mind

Dr. Jerome Heath
Object Oriented Mind Book PDF

Author : Dr. Jerome Heath
Publisher : UberMann
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Object Oriented Mind by Dr. Jerome Heath Pdf

Degrees of Freedom Uncertainty This is the degrees of freedom uncertainty rule [which actually allows us freedom]. We can never be sure which individual went this way and which went the other way [that is what entropy and Carnot’s ‘jinks’ on Maxwell’s demons is all about]. This is a statistical population; there are enough members to apply the statistical rule [the rule of large numbers]. That is the same rule [just inverted] as the degrees of freedom uncertainty principle [which says that you cannot specify Newtonian activity on populations that provide excellent statistical results because of the same theory of large numbers. - You can’t have your cake and eat it too [precisely what Carnoy meant]. Also, the difficulties with this rule could be resolved easily; by applying the viewpoint of harmonics. So, under the degrees of freedom uncertainty [when that applies {strongly enough}] you have harmonics. This is the fact that systems under the rule of degrees of freedom uncertainty and that are constrained [in certain natural or “harmonics” ways.] can form “natural” patterns. Harmonics [the name] refers to the patterns since they form in harmonic kine [a set of eigenfunctions]. The pattern does not specify where any part [molecule] is at or how fast it is going. The pattern is an envelope of probability distribution for the randomly distributed contents. This does not allow Maxwell's Demons to sneak some particles into a special place to violate equilibrium rules. Demythologizing Jung Demythologizing and deconstruction is the territory of the post-structuralist. But reconstruction should be the goal of such endeavors. Here the deconstruction of Jung's archetypes is reconstructed into a meaningful, workable, and useful concept of how the mind works. This effort is about the mind and the algorithms that the mind uses to process information. In the brain, pictures are a very important part of the information processing; but computer processing is approaching that state now as well. Here the mind is the program. That mind can use different algorithms in its programming to solve its “problems”. Recognizing these algorithms is our desire for this study. I start with Jung’s Archetype algorithms and proceed to expand that into a more complete recognition of mental algorithms. The process of understanding conversation is to compare the text of a sentence with contextual information we have. The question is: “How do we store and retrieve the context in our grammar?” It is not stored using relational algebra, which is the method we use to store computer database data for efficient computer store and retrieve mechanisms. Relational data storage is not fast enough and it is not broad enough in its combinatorial strength to explain the minds process. The mind has a way of producing mental objects out of the interpretation of external information. A fresh encounter with the outer world is analyzed by a neural network. The information is carried by nerves from the sensing point. These nerve signals are then filtered through neural networks. The archetype [Jung] for that area of mental processing is the link with the conscious. From this link, a memory object can be extended from the archetype (as base class). Then the extended archetype layer becomes the output layer of the neural network. Note the archetype layer serves both as the interpretation function determining layer (how the input is interpreted) and, in the instantiation of the object from the base class extended to a memory object from (based on the neural interpretation). This is a probabilistic process that is under constraints. The process is probabilistic but the constraints provide limitations so the result that is controlled by these limitations produces a meaningful pattern. Thus the constraints prevent dissipation, and encourage meaningful results. The constraints in the young child are the archetypes. As we grow older our minds develop aggregate (abstract) classes that are useful as though they were archetypes. These archetypes and aggregates constrain the mental process so that meaningful patterns result from the interpretation process. The features of the archetypal classes, relating to the attributes and methods of a class, are then the similar to the neural network activation functions. With input (our nerves send these signals about our present context) these features are used to interpret the signals (our internal program adapts them to interpretation of the input signals). When applied to a memory object in our conscious mind, the features (activation functions) are used in a way that they make the memory object useful and meaningful in our thought process. Remember the class here is a (hidden) layer of the neural network not a single node. Also an abstract class can be extended into a memory object (as a real [visible] class). (Also see books by Dr. Jerome Heath: https://sites.google.com/site/jbhcontextcalculus/)

Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning

Zoltán Dörnyei,Alastair Henry,Peter D. MacIntyre
Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning Book PDF

Author : Zoltán Dörnyei,Alastair Henry,Peter D. MacIntyre
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781783092567

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Motivational Dynamics in Language Learning by Zoltán Dörnyei,Alastair Henry,Peter D. MacIntyre Pdf

This landmark volume offers a collection of conceptual papers and data-based research studies that investigate the dynamics of language learning motivation from a complex dynamic systems perspective. The chapters seek to answer the question of how we can understand motivation if we perceive it as a continuously changing and evolving entity rather than a fixed learner trait.

Automatic Verification of Sequential Infinite-State Processes

Olaf Burkart
Automatic Verification of Sequential Infinite State Processes Book PDF

Author : Olaf Burkart
Publisher : Springer
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2003-08-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540696780

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Automatic Verification of Sequential Infinite-State Processes by Olaf Burkart Pdf

A common approach in software engineering is to apply during the design phase a variety of structured techniques like top-down design, decomposition and abstraction, while only subsequently, in the implementation phase, is the design tested to ensure reliability. But this approach neglects that central aspects of software design and program development have a strong formal character which admits tool support for the construction of reliable and correct computer systems based on formal reasoning. This monograph provides much information both for theoreticians interested in algebraic theories, and for software engineers building practically relevant tools. The author presents the theoretical foundations needed for the verification of reactive, sequential infinite-state systems.

Context and Culture in Language Teaching and Learning

Michael Byram,Peter Grundy
Context and Culture in Language Teaching and Learning Book PDF

Author : Michael Byram,Peter Grundy
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1853596574

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Context and Culture in Language Teaching and Learning by Michael Byram,Peter Grundy Pdf

The chapters in this book all address the significance of the relationship between the aims and methods of language teaching and the contexts in which it takes place. Some consider the implications for the ways in which we research language teaching; others present the results of research and development work.

The Personal, Place, and Context in Pedagogy

John M. Fischer,Grzegorz Mazurkiewicz
The Personal Place and Context in Pedagogy Book PDF

Author : John M. Fischer,Grzegorz Mazurkiewicz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783030714239

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The Personal, Place, and Context in Pedagogy by John M. Fischer,Grzegorz Mazurkiewicz Pdf

This edited volume includes contributions on education within a world of challenges by authors with diverse experiences and perspectives. Together, the authors reflect on educational initiatives and life in democratic societies, arguing for an increased awareness of the educational processes at work within our contexts, places, and personal lives. Chapters argue that authority and knowledge belong to everyone and that these are found on every level of perceived educational hierarchies. This book calls for attention to be paid to the voices of teachers in school, students in the classroom, participants in a project, and researchers embedded in a community—highlighting that they all have something to teach about understanding the world all are working to create in an uncertain educational future.

Understanding English Language Teaching in EFL Context

Kamal Ud Din
Understanding English Language Teaching in EFL Context Book PDF

Author : Kamal Ud Din
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-02-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000839807

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Understanding English Language Teaching in EFL Context by Kamal Ud Din Pdf

This volume is comprehensively designed to help prospective teachers of English Language (EL), and teachers specializing in English as a foreign language (EFL), mainly in South Asian countries. It analyses the application of ELT theories, concepts, and methods to sharpen their understanding of the various techniques used for teaching English effectively in the EFL context. The book discusses the basic concepts of language aimed to develop a sense of the language phenomenon as a unique human attribute. It covers the theories of language from various disciplines such as biology, sociology, psychology, and linguistics. The book explains the underlying structures or components that shape the edifice of languages such as phonology, morphology, syntax, grammar, phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. While taking the reader through language learning theories with a focus on English as the second language, it discusses the different teaching methods that can be adopted by teachers in classroom settings. The book will be of interest to teachers, students and researchers of education, teacher education, and ELT. It will also be useful for educators, English language teachers, language learners, professionals working in the field of education and language, and those who aspire to teach and learn English in foreign context.

Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information

H. L. Pick, Jr.,E. Saltzman
Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information Book PDF

Author : H. L. Pick, Jr.,E. Saltzman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-03-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317768913

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Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information by H. L. Pick, Jr.,E. Saltzman Pdf

First published in 1978. Since World War II the field of perception has developed in two major directions. The first evolved out of the traditional psychophysical approach and is manifest today in the new psychophysics. The second direction is in the increasing bond between the fields of perception and cognition. This volume grew out of the context of this second direction, a particular product of two workshops (held in the Spring of 1974 and 1975), organized by the Committee on Cognitive Research of the Social Science Research Council. The Committee on Cognition was organized in 1971 to encourage communication and interaction on specific problems in the area of cognition among the various social sciences.

Context-Aware Systems and Applications, and Nature of Computation and Communication

Phan Cong Vinh,Nguyen Ha Huy Cuong,Emil Vassev
Context Aware Systems and Applications and Nature of Computation and Communication Book PDF

Author : Phan Cong Vinh,Nguyen Ha Huy Cuong,Emil Vassev
Publisher : Springer
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319778181

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Context-Aware Systems and Applications, and Nature of Computation and Communication by Phan Cong Vinh,Nguyen Ha Huy Cuong,Emil Vassev Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Conferences ICCASA and ICTCC 2017, held in November 2017 in Tam Ky City, Vietnam. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from 31 submissions. The papers of ICCASA cover a wide spectrum in the area of context-aware-systems. CAS is characterized by its self- facets such as self-organization, self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization, self-protection used to dynamically control computing and networking functions. The papers of ICTCC cover formal methods for self-adaptive systems and discuss natural approaches and techniques for computation and communication.

The Gospel of Mark in Context

Santiago Guijarro
The Gospel of Mark in Context Book PDF

Author : Santiago Guijarro
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-04-14
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781666729801

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The Gospel of Mark in Context by Santiago Guijarro Pdf

The short story that we now know as the Gospel according to Mark was written in Greek twenty centuries ago in the context of an agrarian society that had been developing its own characteristics in the circum-Mediterranean region. Mark's account presupposes the values, institutions, and relationships of the culture in which Jesus and his first followers lived. Modern readers of the Gospels, however, especially those born and raised in the North Atlantic postindustrial societies, have other values and institutions, and relate to each other according to other cultural codes. This temporal and cultural distance between the ancient texts and their present-day readers makes necessary an exegetical effort whose purpose is to recover, as far as possible, the reading scenarios presupposed by these texts. In order to reconstruct these scenarios, exegesis has turned in recent years to the social sciences, whose models permit us to imagine and describe the situations presupposed by these ancient texts. This book aims to show how the use of these scenarios elaborated with the help of the social sciences can contribute to a more considered and respectful reading of Mark's story.

Language and Context

Helen Leckie-Tarry
Language and Context Book PDF

Author : Helen Leckie-Tarry
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781855672727

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Language and Context by Helen Leckie-Tarry Pdf

Language and Context breaks new ground in our understanding of the relationship between register, genre and context. Leckie-Tarry argues convincingly and engagingly for a functional theory of language which specifies register in terms of contextual and linguistic features, and which suggests a discursive relationship between the two. Moving beyond the limits of much of today's theory, this accessible volume develops a theoretical understanding of the relationship between text, context, langage function and linguistic form. Helen Leckie-Tarry, a specialist in the area of 'register and applied linguistics', died in 1991, aged 49. Although she had finished a large part of this work, her notes and draft chapters have been extensively edited by Professor David Birch. David Birch is currently Professor of Communication and media Studies at Central Queensland University, Australia, and previously taught at Murdoch University, Western Australia, and the National University of Singapore.

Runtime Verification

Yliès Falcone,César Sánchez
Runtime Verification Book PDF

Author : Yliès Falcone,César Sánchez
Publisher : Springer
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319469829

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Runtime Verification by Yliès Falcone,César Sánchez Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2016, held in Madrid, Spain, in September 2016. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 4 short papers, 3 tool papers, 2 tool demonstration papers, and 5 tutorials, were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The RV conference is concerned with all aspects of monitoring and analysis of hardware, software and more general system executions. Runtime verification techniques are lightweight techniques to assess correctness, reliability, and robustness; these techniques are significantly more powerful and versatile than conventional testing, and more practical than exhaustive formal verification.