Contribution Of Clusters Physics To Materials Science And Technology

Author : Joel Davenas,P.M. Rabette
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 649 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400943742

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Contribution of Clusters Physics to Materials Science and Technology by Joel Davenas,P.M. Rabette Pdf

During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in clusters and small particles because of the peculiar proper ties induced by their large area to volume ratio. For that reason small particles are often considered as an intermediate state of matter at the border between atomic (or molecular) chemistry, and physics of the condensed matter. The importance of the surface effect can explain the anomalous properties, for example the exis tence of the five fold symmetry observed in different circumstan ces '(beams of rare gas clusters, gold particles deposited on a substrate). However the question of the critical size at which the transition to bulk properties occurs cannot be simply answered, since the reply depends on the peculiar property which is studied. The importance of the size effect was emphasized in the last International Meetings. However the situation remains confused in most cases since the exact role of the cluster environment cannot be clearly elucidated and is a main difficulty, except in cluster beam experiments. In fact ideally free clusters constitute a labo ratory exception. In most applications small particles must be supported on a surface or embedded in a matrix, in order to be stabilized, which obviously shows the role of the environment.

Author : Puru Jena,Qiang Sun
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119619567

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Superatoms by Puru Jena,Qiang Sun Pdf

Explore the theory and applications of superatomic clusters and cluster assembled materials Superatoms: Principles, Synthesis and Applications delivers an insightful and exciting exploration of an emerging subfield in cluster science, superatomic clusters and cluster assembled materials. The book presents discussions of the fundamentals of superatom chemistry and their application in catalysis, energy, materials science, and biomedical sciences. Readers will discover the foundational significance of superatoms in science and technology and learn how they can serve as the building blocks of tailored materials, promising to usher in a new era in materials science. The book covers topics as varied as the thermal and thermoelectric properties of cluster-based materials and clusters for CO2 activation and conversion, before concluding with an incisive discussion of trends and directions likely to dominate the subject of superatoms in the coming years. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the rational design of superatoms using electron-counting rules Explorations of superhalogens, endohedrally doped superatoms and assemblies, and magnetic superatoms A practical discussion of atomically precise synthesis of chemically modified superatoms A concise treatment of superatoms as the building blocks of 2D materials, as well as superatom-based ferroelectrics and cluster-based materials for energy harvesting and storage Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in cluster science, energy materials, thermoelectrics, 2D materials, and CO2 conversion, Superatoms: Principles, Synthesis and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of interested professionals in chemistry, physics, materials science, and nanoscience.

Author : Uwe Kreibig,Michael Vollmer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662091098

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Optical Properties of Metal Clusters by Uwe Kreibig,Michael Vollmer Pdf

Optical Properties of Metal Clusters deals with the electronic structure of metal clusters determined optically. Clusters - as state intermediate between molecules and the extended solid - are important in many areas, e.g. in air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, heterogeneous catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. This book extends the approaches of optical molecular and solid-state methods to clusters, revealing how their optical properties evolve as a function of size. Cluster matter, i.e. extended systems of many clusters - the most frequently occuring form - is also treated. The combination of reviews of experimental techniques, lists of results and detailed descriptions of selected experiments will appeal to experts, newcomers and graduate students in this expanding field.

Author : Peru Jena,S.N. Khanna,B.K.N. Rao
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1414 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401726450

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Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals by Peru Jena,S.N. Khanna,B.K.N. Rao Pdf

Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.

Author : Zhong Lin Wang,Yi Liu,Ze Zhang
Publisher : 清华大学出版社有限公司
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Nanostructure materials
ISBN : 7302057346

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Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials: Materials systems and applications I by Zhong Lin Wang,Yi Liu,Ze Zhang Pdf

纳米相和纳米结构材料是纳米科学和纳米技术的基础,本书集中介绍和阐述了半导体纳米颗粒、半导体纳米线、磁性纳米晶体及其排列、纳米结构的软磁性材料、用于信息存储等纳米材料的应用。

Author : G.C. Hadjipanayis,Richard W. Siegel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 806 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401110761

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Nanophase Materials by G.C. Hadjipanayis,Richard W. Siegel Pdf

Nanophase Materials is the first and, as yet, the only comprehensive book published in this new and exciting area of materials science. It gives a broad overview of the revolutionary new field of nanophase materials; a view which spans the materials, physics, and chemistry research communities at a tutorial level that is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and experts or would-be experts in the science of nanostructured materials. The articles are authored by many of the world's most prominent scientists in this field. The book covers the diverse methods for synthesizing nanophase materials, a variety of subsequent processing methodologies, what is known about the structures of these materials on various length scales from atomic to macroscopic, and the properties of these unique and novel materials. The materials properties covered are mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic and hence span a wide range of important new opportunities for technological applications.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1989-08-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080565409

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Advances in Catalysis by Anonim Pdf

Advances in Catalysis

Author : L.C. Dufour,C. Monty
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 820 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400910355

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Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials by L.C. Dufour,C. Monty Pdf

This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials, held on the Oleron island, France, in September 1988. This Institute was organized in nine months after receiving the agreement of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. Despite this very short time, most of the lecturers contacted have accepted our invitation to prepare a specific talk. The meeting was held at "La Vieille Perrotine" on the Oleron island. This holiday village of the French CNRS is located near the Ocean in a natural area which contributed to create a very pleasant atmosphere favourable to develop interaction between the 91 participants in this Institute. First of all, the Institute was aimed at diffusing the foremost results on the characterization of and the role played by surfaces, grain boundaries and interfaces in preparation and overall properties of ceramic materials, mainly of oxide ceramics. Through its interdisciplinary character, the Institute was also aimed at developing interaction between scientists and engineers interested in basic and practical aspects of processing and use of ceramics.

Author : Claude Chapon,Marcel F. Gillet,Claude R. Henry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642749131

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Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters by Claude Chapon,Marcel F. Gillet,Claude R. Henry Pdf

A lively demonstration of the great vitality and the multidisciplinary character of cluster research and of the usefulness of synthesizing its various aspects was given at this symposium. This volume covers all aspects of the physical and chemical properties of free and supported clusters or small particles: static, dynamical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, adsorption and chemical phenomena. It thus gives a complete overview of the status of the field and its development.

Author : Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642571695

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Metal Clusters at Surfaces by Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer Pdf

Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.

Author : P. Somasundaran
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1148 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Colloids
ISBN : 0849396042

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Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science by P. Somasundaran Pdf

Author : Jeffrey M. Gordon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 846 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781134275892

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Solar Energy by Jeffrey M. Gordon Pdf

It is rare that a book draws together the knowledge and experience of scientists, each a world leader in his or her discipline, to create a work that presents the state of the art in a field as rich and diverse as solar energy. In Solar Energy - the State of the Art this aim has been achieved. The book comprises twelve individual chapters, each dedicated to one of the major solar energy sub-disciplines and authored by an internationally recognised expert in the field. Areas covered range from solar radiation and meteorology, solar collectors and concentrators, solar energy and the built environment, to solar thermal electricity, photovoltaics, wind energy and the potential cost of ignoring solar energy resources. The papers examine the technology and field in question, discuss the rudiments and major applications, review the current science and technology and explore the remaining challenges for the future. Solar Energy - the State of the Art is an essential reference work for all solar energy practitioners, students, researchers and engineers wishing to gain a broad-based understanding of the theory, technology, applications and issues surrounding the broad, interdisciplinary field of solar energy. The book will form an important component of any library's solar energy holding and will be of particular benefit as an academic reference, as well as being of practical value to professionals who wish to gain a clear understanding of the concepts required to move forward in this field. Published with ISES.

Author : L. Guczi,F. Solymosi,P. Tétényi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 2859 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1993-04-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080887147

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New Frontiers in Catalysis, Parts A-C by L. Guczi,F. Solymosi,P. Tétényi Pdf

These volumes comprise the proceedings of the major international meeting on catalysis which is held at 4 year intervals. The programme focussed on New Frontiers in Catalysis including nontraditional catalytic materials and environmental catalysis. The contributions cover a wide range of fundamental, applied, industrial and engineering aspects of catalysis. The extensive range of highly efficient industrial techniques for observing and characterizing catalytically important surfaces is evident. The programme covered the following sessions: Mechanism, theory, in situ methods; Catalytic reaction on atomically clean surfaces; Catalytic reaction on zeolites and related substances; New methods and principles for catalyst preparation; Hydrotreatment reactions (HDS, HDN); Characterization of catalysts, application of novel techniques; Selective oxidation; New catalytic aspects of heteropoly acids and related compounds; Reaction of hydrocarbons; Nontraditional catalytic materials; Fuel upgrading; Alkane activation; Acid-base catalysis; New selective catalytic reactons, fine chemicals; Environmental catalysis; Industrial catalysis, deactivation, reactivation; Synthesis from syngas; Electrocatalysis; Photocatalysis. The invited lectures and 433 papers included in these volumes present an update on all areas of catalysis and applications.

Author : Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642715716

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Metal Clusters by Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz Pdf

This volume contains papers which have been presented at the International Sym posium on Metal Clusters in Heidelberg from April 7-11, 1986. Clusters, and in particular metal clusters, have been the topic of fa~t growing scientific interest. Indeed, clusters constitute a field of interdisciplinary nature where both physical and chemical questions have to be addressed. Clusters are offundamental importance for the deeper understanding of the transition from atoms via molecules and larger aggregates of particles to the properties of solid materials. Moreover, metal clusters and their character istics are of vital significance for such applied topics as catalysis or photography. Experimentally, the field exhibited rapid progress in the last years. Different sources for clusters have been developed. Intense beams made possible the investigation of free neutral clusters and cluster ions as well. Even though a number of issues concerning metal clusters is still discussed controversially, the present volume tries to give an overview of current work in this field and to illustrate the large variety of experiments as well as the advances made possible by modern theoretical methods. Looking at the many interesting questions still to be addressed it is fair to propose a rapid further growth of this field.

Author : Klaus Sattler
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1996-11-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783035705126

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Cluster Assembled Materials by Klaus Sattler Pdf

It is now some 15 years since atomic clusters were first produced and investigated in laboratories. Since then, knowledge concerning clusters has enjoyed rapid and sustained growth, and cluster research has become a new branch of science.