Metal Clusters At Surfaces

Author : Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642571695

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Metal Clusters at Surfaces by Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer Pdf

Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.

Author : Dennis R. Salahub,N. Russo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401128223

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Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces by Dennis R. Salahub,N. Russo Pdf

Metal-ligand interactions are currently being studied in different fields, from a variety of points of view, and recent progress has been substantial. Whole new classes of compounds and reactions have been found; an arsenal of physical methods has been developed; mechanistic detail can be ascertained to an increasingly minute degree; and the theory is being developed to handle systems of ever-growing complexity. As usual, such multidisciplinarity leads to great opportunities, coupled with great problems of communication between specialists. It is in its promotion of interactions across these fields that Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces makes its timely contribution: the tools, both theoretical and experimental, are highly developed, and fundamental questions remain unanswered. The most fundamental of these concerns the nature of the microscopic interactions between metal atoms (clusters, surfaces) and ligands (atoms, molecules, absorbates, reagents, products) and the changes in these interactions during physical and chemical transformation. In Metal-Ligand Interactions, leading experts discuss the following, vital aspects: ab initio theory, semi-empirical theory, density functional theory, complexes and clusters, surfaces, and catalysis.

Author : John B. Moffat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306473784

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Metal-Oxygen Clusters by John B. Moffat Pdf

Metal-Oxygen Clusters is the first book, providing an overview of the surface chemistry and catalytic properties of heteropoly oxometalates. After a brief look at the early knowledge of heteropoly oxometalates, the book discusses the synthesis, characterization, structure, bulk properties and stability of these materials. The remainder and the largest portion of the book explores the properties of these solids as catalysts in acid-catalyzed and oxidation processes in supported or unsupported forms. The book provides an up-to-date review of the methods for synthesizing heteropoly oxometalates of Keggin structure, techniques from spectroscopic through electrochemical to elemental analysis for their characterization and the current information on their structure, bulk properties and their stabilities at high temperatures and under acid and alkaline conditions. The book discusses the materials employed as supports for the title solid and the results of the examination of the supported materials. Methods for the identification of the nature and source of the two catalytic functions, the acidic and oxidative properties, of the heteropoly oxometalates are reviewed and discussed. The use of both the supported and unsupported heteropoly oxometalates as catalysts in acidity-requisite processes ranging from methanol conversion to hydrocarbons to ring-expansion and contraction processes and in oxidation processes from methane cyclohexane are described and related to the aforementioned properties.

Author : L.J. Farrugia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401101332

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The Synergy Between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces by L.J. Farrugia Pdf

The analogy between the chemistry of molecular transition metal clusters and the processes of chemisorption and catalysis at metal surfaces (the Cluster Surface analogy) has for a number of years provided an interplay between experimental and theoretical inorganic and physical chemists. This collaborative approach has born fruit in the use of well defined modes of metal-ligand bonding in discrete molecular clusters, models for metal-ligand binding on surfaces. Some of the key topics discussed in The Synergy between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces are: (1) Mechanisms of the fluxional behaviour in clusters in the liquid phase and the connections with diffusion processes on extended surfaces. The role of metal-metal bond breaking in diffusion. (2) Analogies in the structure of chemisorbed species and related ligands on metallic clusters. (3) Analogies between benzene surface chemistry on extended metal surfaces and on metal surfaces in molecular cluster compounds with particular reference to structural distortions. (4) The role of mobile precursors for dissociation of chemisorption on extended metals and on clusters. Are there analogies in the ligand attachment during cluster compound synthesis? (5) The role of defect sites on metal surfaces in catalyzing chemical reactions and the connection to the special bonding properties of sites on metal clusters having lowest metal-metal coordination. (6) The size of metal clusters needed to mimic surface phenomena on bulk metal surfaces. Different sites needed for different phenomena.

Author : Gianfranco Pacchioni,Paul S. Bagus,Fulvio Parmigiani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468460216

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Cluster Models for Surface and Bulk Phenomena by Gianfranco Pacchioni,Paul S. Bagus,Fulvio Parmigiani Pdf

It is widely recognized that an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of clusters will give a great deal of important information relevant to surface and bulk properties of condensed matter. This relevance of clusters for condensed matter is one of the major motivations for the study of atomic and molecular clusters. The changes of properties with cluster size, from small clusters containing only a few atoms to large clusters containing tens of thousands of atoms, provides a unique way to understand and to control the development of bulk properties as separated units are brought together to form an extended system. Another important use of clusters is as theoretical models of surfaces and bulk materials. The electronic wavefunctions for these cluster models have special advantages for understanding, in particular, the local properties of condensed matter. The cluster wavefunctions, obtained with molecular orbital theory, make it possible to relate chemical concepts developed to describe chemical bonds in molecules to the very closely related chemical bonding at the surface and in the bulk of condensed matter. The applications of clusters to phenomena in condensed matter is a cross-disciplinary activity which requires the interaction and collaboration of researchers in traditionally separate areas. For example, it is necessary to bring together workers whose background and expertise is molecular chemistry with those whose background is solid state physics. It is also necessary to bring together experimentalists and theoreticians.

Author : Thomas Christoph Eng Fuk Irawan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3939533688

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Geometric and Electronic Properties of Size Selected Metal Clusters on Surfaces by Thomas Christoph Eng Fuk Irawan Pdf

Author : Zhixun Luo,Shiv N. Khanna
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811597046

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Metal Clusters and Their Reactivity by Zhixun Luo,Shiv N. Khanna Pdf

This book discusses current techniques and instrumentation for cluster chemistry. It addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of gas-phase metal cluster reactivities, especially those pertaining to pollution removal, energetic reactions and corrosion and anticorrosion. These metal cluster systems have attracted enormous interest as they display a completely new class of physical, chemical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. As these properties change with size and composition, it can thus be understood how their nature evolves from atoms to bulk solids. The book offers readers a basic understanding of the structural chemistry and reactivity of metal clusters in both gas-phase and wet chemistry. Further, the lessons they learn here regarding metal cluster chemistry will prepare researchers for the study of condensed phase dynamics that pertain to wet chemical synthesis, soft-landing deposition and cluster assembly.

Author : Abhijit Mookerjee,D.D. Sarma
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2002-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0415272491

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Electronic Structure of Alloys, Surfaces and Clusters by Abhijit Mookerjee,D.D. Sarma Pdf

Understanding the electronic structure of solids is a basic part of theoretical investigation in physics. Application of investigative techniques requires the solid under investigation to be "periodic." However, this is not always the case. This volume addresses three classes of "non-periodic" solids currently undergoing the most study: alloys, surfaces and clusters. Understanding the electronic structure of these systems is fundamental not only for the basic science, but also constitutes a very important step in various technological aspects, such as tuning their stabilities, chemical and catalytic reactivities and magnetism. Expert practitioners give an up-to-date account of the field with enough detailed background so that even a newcomer can follow the development. The theoretical framework is discussed in addition to the present status of knowledge in the field. Electronic Structure of Alloys, Surfaces and Clusters also includes an extensive bibliography which provides a comprehensive reading list of work on the topic.

Author : Shuang-Quan Zang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527842087

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Atomically Precise Metal Clusters by Shuang-Quan Zang Pdf

Atomically Precise Metal Clusters Thorough discussion on how surface modification and self-assembly play roles in the atomically precise formation and property tailoring of molecular clusters Atomically Precise Metal Clusters: Surface Engineering and Hierarchical Assembly summarizes and discusses the surface modification, assembly, and property tailoring of a wide variety of nanoclusters, including the well-explored metal clusters, addressing the structure–property relationships throughout. The atomic-level control in synthesis, new types of structures, and physical/chemical properties of nanoclusters are illustrated in various chapters. The controlled modification and assembly of metal nanoclusters is expected to have a major impact on future nanoscience research and other areas, with distinctive metal cluster-based function materials with precise structures uncovering exciting opportunities in both fundamental research and practical applications. Written by a highly qualified academic with significant research experience in the field, Atomically Precise Metal Clusters includes information on: Ligand engineering and assembly of coinage metal nanoclusters such as gold, silver, and copper Recent advances in post-modification of polyoxometalates and small transition metal chalcogenide superatom clusters Synthesis and assembly of cadmium chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters and modification and assembly of Fe-S clusters Indium phosphide magic-sized clusters, ligand-tailoring platinum and palladium clusters, and metal oxo clusters (MOCs) Enabling access to desired functions in metal clusters for catalysis, optics, biomedicine, and other fields through surface engineering and supramolecular assembly A timely and comprehensive book that summarizes the recent progress in the surface modification and self-assembly of metal nanoclusters, Atomically Precise Metal Clusters provides essential guidance for graduate students and advanced researchers in material science, chemistry, biomedicine, and other disciplines.

Author : Bruce C. Gates,L. Guczi,H. Knözinger
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015016013354

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Metal Clusters in Catalysis by Bruce C. Gates,L. Guczi,H. Knözinger Pdf

Research on metal clusters (compounds with metal-metal bonds) has undergone explosive growth and the subject is now perhaps one of the hottest'' topics in organometallic chemistry. The prospect of catalytic applications has motivated a large part of the research mentioned in this book - the long term goal being to exploit the unique properties of metal clusters to prepare catalysts with new activities and selectivities. This is the first book to address the role of metal clusters in catalysis. The coverage is up-to-date and is particularly comprehensive, ranging from molecular chemistry of clusters (synthesis, structure, thermochemistry, reactivity, and homogeneous catalysis) to supported clusters (molecular analogues on polymers, and metal oxides and metals in zeolite cages). Preparation by methods of organometallic surface chemistry and metal atom chemistry and characterization of surface structures by physical methods are highlighted. Concepts unifying metal cluster chemistry and the chemistry of metal surfaces are elucidated. Of particular value to the user will be the cluster and subject indexes. The cluster index is organized in alphabetical order according to the metal.

Author : Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642715716

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Metal Clusters by Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz Pdf

This volume contains papers which have been presented at the International Sym posium on Metal Clusters in Heidelberg from April 7-11, 1986. Clusters, and in particular metal clusters, have been the topic of fa~t growing scientific interest. Indeed, clusters constitute a field of interdisciplinary nature where both physical and chemical questions have to be addressed. Clusters are offundamental importance for the deeper understanding of the transition from atoms via molecules and larger aggregates of particles to the properties of solid materials. Moreover, metal clusters and their character istics are of vital significance for such applied topics as catalysis or photography. Experimentally, the field exhibited rapid progress in the last years. Different sources for clusters have been developed. Intense beams made possible the investigation of free neutral clusters and cluster ions as well. Even though a number of issues concerning metal clusters is still discussed controversially, the present volume tries to give an overview of current work in this field and to illustrate the large variety of experiments as well as the advances made possible by modern theoretical methods. Looking at the many interesting questions still to be addressed it is fair to propose a rapid further growth of this field.

Author : Francis Leonard Deepak
Publisher : Springer
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319680538

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Metal Nanoparticles and Clusters by Francis Leonard Deepak Pdf

​This book covers the continually expanding field of metal nanoparticles and clusters, in particular their size-dependent properties and quantum phenomena. The approaches to the organization of atoms that form clusters and nanoparticles have been advancing rapidly in recent times. These advancements are described through a combination of experimental and computational approaches and are covered in detail by the authors. Recent highlights of the various emerging properties and applications ranging from plasmonics to catalysis are showcased.

Author : Pierre Braunstein,Luis A. Oro,Paul R. Raithby
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2000-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527295496

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Metal Clusters in Chemistry by Pierre Braunstein,Luis A. Oro,Paul R. Raithby Pdf

Metal cluster chemistry is at the cutting edge between molecular and solid-state chemistry and has therefore had a great impact on the researchers working on organic, coordination, and solid-state chemistry, catalysis, physics, and materials science. The development of new sophisticated synthetic techniques has led to enormous progress in the synthesis of this diverse class of compounds. The number of clusters is growing rapidly, since the possible variations in the metal and ligand sphere are numerous. Modern bonding theories, such as the isolobal principle, have allowed a better understanding of the structures and properties of metal clusters, and thus paved the way for the usage of these versatile materials. Catalysis and nanomaterials are just two of the very promising application-oriented fields. Seventy six contributions, written by world experts in this research field, provide extensive coverage of different aspects of cluster chemistry, ranging from synthesis, structure determination, and dynamics to applications. Up-to-date information, including an impressive collection of structural data and illustrations, extensive coverage of the most important publications of the last decade, and many more features make this three-volume set a complete single-source guide for all researchers working in the area of cluster chemistry.

Author : Günter Schmid
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2008-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527616060

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Clusters and Colloids by Günter Schmid Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of cluster science. In an interdisciplinary approach, basic concepts as well as recent developments in research and practical applications are authoritatively discussed by leading authors. Topics covered include 'naked' metal clusters, clusters stabilized by ligands, clusters in solids, and colloids. The reader will find answers to questions like: * How many metal atoms must a particle have to exhibit metallic properties? * How can the large specific surface of clusters and colloids be employed in catalysts? * How can metal clusters be introduced into solid hosts? * Which effects are responsible for the transition from isolated to condensed clusters? The editor has succeeded in bringing the contributions of various authors together into a homogeneous, readable book, which will be useful for the academic and industrial reader alike.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444635020

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Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications by Anonim Pdf

Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. As this class of materials is now emerging as a result of breakthroughs in synthesis and characterization that have taken place over the last few years, the book provides the first reference with a focus on these exciting novel nanomaterials, explaining their formation, and how, and why, they play an important role in the future of molecular electronics, catalysis, sensing, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and therapy. Surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. Provides well-organized, tutorial style chapters that are ideal for teaching and self-study In-depth descriptions by top scientists in the field Presents the state-of-the art of protected metal clusters and their future prospects