Control Of Biofilm Infections By Signal Manipulation
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Control of Biofilm Infections by Signal Manipulation by Naomi Balaban Pdf
The number of patients affected by and dying from what can be considered as a "biofilm disease" is higher than heart disease and cancer combined. Thus, this is a hugely important work that describes the molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication among bacterial cells in a biofilm, the development of antibiofilm inhibitors such as quorum-sensing inhibitors, and the use of biofilm inhibitors to prevent and treat bacterial infections in humans and other animals.
Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
This book describes modern biophysical techniques that enable us to understand and examine dynamic processes of infection at the molecular level. Cutting-edge research articles, laboratory protocols, case studies and up-to-date reviews cover topics such as single-molecule observation of DNA replication repair pathways in E. coli; evolution of drug resistance in bacteria; restriction enzymes as barriers to horizontal gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus; infectious and bacterial pathogen biofilms; killing infectious pathogens through DNA damage; bacterial surfaces in host-pathogen interactions; bacterial gene regulation by riboswitches; transcription regulation in enterobacterial pathogens; the bacterial flagellar motor; initial surface colonization by bacteria; Salmonella Typhi host restrictions; as well as monitoring proton motive force in bacteria; microbial pathogens using digital holography; mathematical modelling of microbial pathogen motility; neutron reflectivity in studying bacterial membranes; force spectroscopy in studying infection and 4D multi-photon imaging to investigate immune responses. The focus is on the development and application of complex techniques and protocols at the interface of life sciences and physics, which increase the physiological relevance of biophysical investigations.
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Materials by Peerawatt Nunthavarawong,Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,Suchart Siengchin,Mathew Thoppil-Mathew Pdf
Emerging microbial and viral infections are a serious challenge to health, safety, and economics around the world. Antimicrobial and antiviral technologies are needed to disrupt the progression and replication of bacteria and viruses and to counter their rapidly evolving resistance. This book discusses recent developments in materials science and engineering in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobial and antiviral materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics and their applications in the fight against pathogens. Features • Covers progress in biomimetic antimicrobial and antiviral materials and antimicrobial/antiviral bulk materials and coatings • Describes modern methods for disinfection of biomedical materials against microbial and viral infection resistance, especially for depressing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) • Details methods to improve material properties to have a longer service life in combating infection • Emphasizes chemical, physical, mechanical, tribological, and antimicrobial/antiviral properties • Offers current and future applications of emerging antimicrobial/antiviral technologies This book will be of interest to materials researchers and industry professionals focusing on antimicrobial and antiviral applications.
Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management by Dinesh K. Maheshwari Pdf
The future of agriculture strongly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. An ecologically and economically sustainable strategy is the application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining worldwide importance. “Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management” focus on the management of plant nutrient to support plant growth and development. The topics treated in this book include mechanisms of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, zinc and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, sulfur oxidizing bacteria, ACC deaminase, siderophores, phytohormones, quorum-sensing, biofilms, antibiotics, volatiles, denitrification and integrated nutrient management.
Biofilm Infections by Thomas Bjarnsholt,Peter Østrup Jensen,Claus Moser,Niels Høiby Pdf
This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.
Microbial Community Modeling: Prediction of Microbial Interactions and Community Dynamics by Hyun-Seob Song Pdf
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Microbial Community Modeling: Prediction of Microbial Interactions and Community Dynamics" that was published in Processes
Nanostructures for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Applications by Ram Prasad,Busi Siddhardha,Madhu Dyavaiah Pdf
In the pursuit of technological advancement in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to counteract health issues, bacterial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability of bacterial pathogens to form biofilms further agglomerates the situation by showing resistance to conventional antibiotics. To overcome this serious issue, bioactive metabolites and other natural products were exploited to combat bacterial infections and biofilm-related health consequences. Natural products exhibited promising results in vitro, however; their efficacy in in vivo conditions remain obscured due to their low-solubility, bioavailability, and biocompatibility issues. In this scenario, nanotechnological interventions provide a multifaceted platform for targeted delivery of bioactive compounds by slow and sustained release of drug-like compounds. The unique physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility and eco-friendly nature of bioinspired nanostructures has revolutionized the field of biology to eradicate microbial infections and biofilm-related complications. The green-nanotechnology based metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles have been regularly employed for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications without causing damage to host tissues. The implications of these nanoparticles toward achieving sustainability in agriculture by providing systemic resistance against a variety of phytopathogens therefore plays crucial role in growth and crop productivity. Also the advent of smart and hybrid nanomaterials such as metal-based polymer nanocomposites, lipid-based nanomaterials and liposomes have the inherent potential to eradicate bacterial biofilm-related infections in an efficient manner. The recent development of carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silica based nanomaterials such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) also exploit a target of dreadful healthcare conditions such as cancer, immunomodulatory diseases, and microbial infections, as well as biofilm-related issues owing to their stability profile, biocompatibility, and unique physio-chemical properties. Recently novel physical approaches such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) also revolutionized conventional strategies and are engaged in eradicating microbial biofilm-related infections and related health consequences. These promising advancements in the development of novel strategies to treat microbial infections and biofilm-related multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon may provide new avenues and aid to conventional antimicrobial therapeutics.
Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research by Bhim Pratap Singh Pdf
Plant endophytes are a potential source for the production of bioactive compounds that can fight against devastating diseases in both plants and humans. Among these endophytic microorganisms, endophytic fungi are one of the dominant group of microorganisms with a potential role in plant growth promotion and the discovery of noble bioactive natural products. Endophytic fungi possess several bioactivities like anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal, plant growth stimulants, crop protection, phytoremediation, etc. Presence of modular biosynthetic genes clusters like PKS and NRPS in several endophytic fungi underscores the need to understand and explore such organisms. This volume presents and demonstrates the applied aspects of endophytic fungi. Practical applications of such endophytes are discussed in detail, including studies in pharmaceutical development and agricultural management of important microbial diseases. The beneficial effects that endophytic fungi provide to host plants—enhancing growth, increasing fitness, strengthening tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses through secondary metabolites—are also discussed. The reader is provided with a comprehensive and detailed understanding of such relationships between endophytic fungi and their host.
Exploring Mathematical Modeling in Biology Through Case Studies and Experimental Activities by Rebecca Sanft,Anne Walter Pdf
Exploring Mathematical Modeling in Biology through Case Studies and Experimental Activities provides supporting materials for courses taken by students majoring in mathematics, computer science or in the life sciences. The book's cases and lab exercises focus on hypothesis testing and model development in the context of real data. The supporting mathematical, coding and biological background permit readers to explore a problem, understand assumptions, and the meaning of their results. The experiential components provide hands-on learning both in the lab and on the computer. As a beginning text in modeling, readers will learn to value the approach and apply competencies in other settings. Included case studies focus on building a model to solve a particular biological problem from concept and translation into a mathematical form, to validating the parameters, testing the quality of the model and finally interpreting the outcome in biological terms. The book also shows how particular mathematical approaches are adapted to a variety of problems at multiple biological scales. Finally, the labs bring the biological problems and the practical issues of collecting data to actually test the model and/or adapting the mathematics to the data that can be collected. Presents a single volume on mathematics and biological examples, with data and wet lab experiences suitable for non-experts Contains three real-world biological case studies and one wet lab for application of the mathematical models Includes R code templates throughout the text, which are also available through an online repository, along with the necessary data files to complete all projects and labs
Microbes in Applied Research by A Mendez-Vilas Pdf
This book offers the latest scientific research on applied microbiology presented at the IV International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2011) held in Spain in 2011. A wide-ranging set of topics including agriculture, environmental, food, industrial and medical microbiology makes this book interesting not only for microbiologists, but also for anyone who likes to keep up with cutting-edge research in microbiology and microbial biotechnology. Readers will find a major collection of knowledge, approaches, methods and discussions on the latest advances and challenges in applied microbiology in a compilation of 136 chapters written by active researchers in the field from around the world. The topics covered in this single volume include biodegradation of pollutants, water, soil and plant microorganisms, biosurfactants, antimicrobial natural products, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance, human pathogens, food microorganisms, fermentation, biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins, microbial physiology, metabolism and gene expression mainly, although many other subjects are also discussed. Sample Chapter(s) A microcosm study on the die-off response of the indicator bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis (267 KB) Contents:Agriculture, Soil, Environmental and Marine–Aquatic MicrobiologyFood MicrobiologyIndustrial Microbiology. Methods. Quantitative Models and BioinformaticsMedical and Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapyMicrobial Physiology, Metabolism and Gene ExpressionBiotechnologically Relevant Enzymes and Proteins Readership: Professionals, microbiologists, clinicians, (bio)chemists, physicists, and engineers. Keywords:Microorganisms;Applied Microbiology;Environmental Microbiology;Industrial Microbiology;Microbial Biotechnology;BioMicroWorld2011 Conference Proceedings Book;Mendez-VilasKey Features:The topics covered in this single volume include biodegradation of pollutants, water, soil and plant microorganisms, biosurfactants, antimicrobial natural products, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance, human pathogens, food microorganisms, fermentation, biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins, microbial physiology, metabolism and gene expression mainly, although many other subjects are also discussed
Science In Medicine by Ushma S. Neill,American Society for Clinical Investigation Pdf
Science in Medicine: The JCI Textbook of Molecular Medicine is a collection of acclaimed articles published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation during the Journal’s tenure at Columbia University. The society that publishes the JCI, the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), is an honor society of physician scientists, representing those who are at the forefront of translating findings in the laboratory to the advancement of clinical practice. This textbook brings together state-of-the-art reviews written by the world's leading authorities, including many ASCI members. The reviews examine the molecular mechanisms underlying a wide array of diseases and disorders affecting all major organ systems. The fundamentals of the organ or physiological systems in question are present alongside the underlying genetic or physiological abnormalities that result in disease. This text illustrates the translation of basic scientific knowledge into the current practice of clinical medicine. The reviews provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview by building on known scientific concepts and treatment of human disease while exploring where these advances might take medicine over the next decade. The book is a valuable resource for medical students, graduate students, house staff, attending and practicing physicians, and biomedical researchers.
This book details the widely accepted hypothesis that the majority of bacteria in virtually all ecosystems grow in matrix-enclosed biofilms. The author, who first proposed this biofilm hypothesis, uses direct evidence from microscopy and from molecular techniques, arguing cogently for moving beyond conventional culture methods that dominated microbiology in the last century. Bacteria grow predominantly in biofilms in natural, engineered, and pathogenic ecosystems; this book provides a solid basis for the understanding of bacterial processes in environmental, industrial, agricultural, dental and medical microbiology. Using a unique "ecological" perspective, the author explores the commensal and pathogenic colonization of human organ systems.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 570 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2011-12-30 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309219396
The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf
Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Bacterial Signal Transduction: Networks and Drug Targets by Ryutaro Utsumi Pdf
This fascinating book encourages many microbiologists and students to enter the new world of signal transduction in microbiology. Over the past decade, a vast amount of exciting new information on the signal transduction pathway in bacteria has been unearthed.