Controversies In Minority Voting

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Controversies in Minority Voting

Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson
Controversies in Minority Voting Book PDF

Author : Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815707258

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Controversies in Minority Voting by Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson Pdf

Widely regarded as one of the most successful pieces of modern legislation, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 has transformed the nature of minority participation and representation in the United States. But with success came controversy as some scholars claim the Act has outlived its usefulness or been subverted in its aim. This volume brings together leading scholars to offer a twenty-five year perspective on the consequences of this landmark act. The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, stated that the right of U.S. citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or condition of previous servitude." The South, however, virtually ignored this right, disfranchising blacks through violence, intimidation, literacy tests, and poll taxes. The primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to break down these barriers to minority voting. Beginning with chapters covering the key provisions of the Act, the book discusses the way the Act has transformed American politics and looks at the role played by major civil rights groups in lobbying for extensions and amendments to it and in insuring that its provisions would be enforced.

Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality

Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi
Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality Book PDF

Author : Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : History
ISBN : 0521477646

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Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality by Bernard Grofman,Lisa Handley,Richard G. Niemi Pdf

With the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, the right of minorities to register and vote was largely secured. It was soon discovered, however, that minority voting did not guarantee the election of minorities or minority-preferred candidates. Indeed, efforts by states and localities in the second half of the 1960s were aimed at denying any substantial minority representation to go along with the ability to cast ballots. Eventually congressional amendments to the Act along with the Supreme Court opinion in Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) have led to efforts to eliminate electoral laws that have the effect of diluting the minority vote, whether or not they were enacted with discriminatory intent. Controversy still surrounds the matter of minority representation, however, because of the ambiguity of certain aspects of the law and because of problems in applying it to the largely single-member district context of the 1990s. This book is the most up-to-date treatment of voting rights law and the numerous controversies surrounding minority representation. The authors have extensive, firsthand experience in both the legal battles and the scholarly examination of these issues. Based on this wealth of experience, they describe the development of the law after 1965, discuss in detail the prevailing Supreme Court interpretation of the Voting Rights Act, and examine discrepancies in federal court interpretations of subsequent actions. They also introduce the reader to technical procedures for establishing standards of representation and measuring discrimination. In the final two chapters, they consider the application of voting rights law to districting in the 1990s along with the implications of recent developments for the future of representation in America.

Controversies in Minority Voting

Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson
Controversies in Minority Voting Book PDF

Author : Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815707258

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Controversies in Minority Voting by Bernard N. Grofman,Chandler Davidson Pdf

Widely regarded as one of the most successful pieces of modern legislation, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 has transformed the nature of minority participation and representation in the United States. But with success came controversy as some scholars claim the Act has outlived its usefulness or been subverted in its aim. This volume brings together leading scholars to offer a twenty-five year perspective on the consequences of this landmark act. The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, stated that the right of U.S. citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or condition of previous servitude." The South, however, virtually ignored this right, disfranchising blacks through violence, intimidation, literacy tests, and poll taxes. The primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to break down these barriers to minority voting. Beginning with chapters covering the key provisions of the Act, the book discusses the way the Act has transformed American politics and looks at the role played by major civil rights groups in lobbying for extensions and amendments to it and in insuring that its provisions would be enforced.

Quiet Revolution in the South

Chandler Davidson,Bernard Grofman
Quiet Revolution in the South Book PDF

Author : Chandler Davidson,Bernard Grofman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691225197

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Quiet Revolution in the South by Chandler Davidson,Bernard Grofman Pdf

This work is the first systematic attempt to measure the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, commonly regarded as the most effective civil rights legislation of the century. Marshaling a wealth of detailed evidence, the contributors to this volume show how blacks and Mexican Americans in the South, along with the Justice Department, have used the act and the U.S. Constitution to overcome the resistance of white officials to minority mobilization. The book tells the story of the black struggle for equal political participation in eight core southern states from the end of the Civil War to the 1980s--with special emphasis on the period since 1965. The contributors use a variety of quantitative methods to show how the act dramatically increased black registration and black and Mexican-American office holding. They also explain modern voting rights law as it pertains to minority citizens, discussing important legal cases and giving numerous examples of how the law is applied. Destined to become a standard source of information on the history of the Voting Rights Act, Quiet Revolution in the South has implications for the controversies that are sure to continue over the direction in which the voting rights of American ethnic minorities have evolved since the 1960s.

Maximization, Whatever the Cost

Maurice T. Cunningham
Maximization Whatever the Cost Book PDF

Author : Maurice T. Cunningham
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780313000652

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Maximization, Whatever the Cost by Maurice T. Cunningham Pdf

During the early 1990s the Department of Justice used its Voting Rights Act power to object to racially unfair redistricting laws to force states to maximize minority congressional districts. The results were dramatic: Congressional Black Caucus membership swelled from 25 to 38 and nine new Hispanic congresspersons were sworn in. Only three years later, the maximization strategy lay in ruins. The courts forced many of the new minority districts to be redrawn and the judiciary reserved especially harsh criticism for the Department. Cunningham examines and analyzes how the Department came to adopt the maximization strategy. He explores the bureaucratic culture of the Division's Voting Section, its history, and the interaction of its progressive career staff with more conservative political appointees. The Division works amidst a vibrant interest group environment, with civil rights advocates, the state, and political parties eager for influence. Cunningham shows how that influence contest was won by the civil rights groups, how their preferred interpretations of fair redistricting and discriminatory purpose were adopted by the Division, and how their chosen districting models were forced upon states by the Division. He examines the effect the Department has had on federalism, representation, and its own impaired credibility with the judiciary. Finally, he suggests how the Division might resurrect its damaged reputation for balanced enforcement. An important study for scholars, students, and public policy makers involved with civil rights, public administration, and public law.

Minority Voting in the United States

Kyle L. Kreider,Thomas J. Baldino
Minority Voting in the United States Book PDF

Author : Kyle L. Kreider,Thomas J. Baldino
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9798216118145

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Minority Voting in the United States by Kyle L. Kreider,Thomas J. Baldino Pdf

What are the voting behaviors of the various minority groups in the United States and how will they shape the elections of tomorrow? This book explores the history of minority voting blocs and their influence on future American elections. According to current scholarship, the Caucasian population of the United States is expected to be a minority by 2042. As the white majority disappears and politics shift with the changing tide, it is important to understand the voting behaviors of the significant minority voting blocs in the United States. In this book, a variety of voting blocs are examined: African Americans, women, Native Americans, Latinos (Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans), South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis), East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans), Filipinos, Pacific Islanders, Arab Americans, Muslim Americans, Jewish Americans, and the LGBT community. In addition to factual and historical information about the minority voting blocs, chapters also explore how Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, felon disenfranchisement laws, and voter ID laws impact a minority group's voting rights. Finally, the authors and contributors anticipate which issues are likely to influence each group's voters and affect future elections.

Affirmative Action in Antidiscrimination Law and Policy

Samuel Leiter,William M. Leiter
Affirmative Action in Antidiscrimination Law and Policy Book PDF

Author : Samuel Leiter,William M. Leiter
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780791487969

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Affirmative Action in Antidiscrimination Law and Policy by Samuel Leiter,William M. Leiter Pdf

A comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the past, present, and future of affirmative action in the United States.

Mistaken Identity

Keith J. Bybee
Mistaken Identity Book PDF

Author : Keith J. Bybee
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2002-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400822775

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Mistaken Identity by Keith J. Bybee Pdf

Is it ever legitimate to redraw electoral districts on the basis of race? In its long struggle with this question, the U.S. Supreme Court has treated race-conscious redistricting either as a requirement of political fairness or as an exercise in corrosive racial quotas. Cutting through these contradictory positions, Keith Bybee examines the theoretical foundations of the Court's decisions and the ideological controversy those decisions have engendered. He uncovers erroneous assumptions about political identity on both sides of the debate and formulates new terms on which minority representation can be pursued. As Bybee shows, the Court has for the last twenty years encouraged a division between individualist and group concepts of political identity. He demonstrates convincingly that both individualist and group proponents share the misguided notion that political identity is formed prior to and apart from politics itself. According to Bybee, this "mistaken identity" should be abandoned for a more flexible, politically informed understanding of who the "people" really are. Thus, a misdirected debate will be replaced by a more considered discussion in which the people can speak for themselves, even as the Court speaks on their behalf. Engaged in the politics of minority representation, the Court will be able to help citizens articulate and achieve more fruitful forms of political community.

The Supreme Court, Race, and Civil Rights

Abraham L. Davis,Barbara Luck Graham
The Supreme Court Race and Civil Rights Book PDF

Author : Abraham L. Davis,Barbara Luck Graham
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1995-07-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781506320250

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The Supreme Court, Race, and Civil Rights by Abraham L. Davis,Barbara Luck Graham Pdf

Providing a well-rounded presentation of the constitution and evolution of civil rights in the United States, this book will be useful for students and academics with an interest in civil rights, race and the law. Abraham L Davis and Barbara Luck Graham's purpose is: to give an overview of the Supreme Court and its rulings with regard to issues of equality and civil rights; to bring law, political science and history into the discussion of civil rights and the Supreme Court; to incorporate the politically disadvantaged and the human component into the discussion; to stimulate discussion among students; and to provide a text that cultivates competence in reading actual Supreme Court cases.

The South as an American Problem

Larry J. Griffin,Don Harrison Doyle
The South as an American Problem Book PDF

Author : Larry J. Griffin,Don Harrison Doyle
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0820317527

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The South as an American Problem by Larry J. Griffin,Don Harrison Doyle Pdf

In this volume, twelve authors take a challenging new look at the South. Departing from the issue that has lately preoccupied observers of the South - the region's waning cultural distinctiveness - the contributors instead look at the dynamics of the region's long-troubled relationship with the rest of the nation. What they discover allows us all to view the current state and future course of the South, as well as its link to the broader culture and polity, in a new light. To envision the concept of the "Problem South," and what it means to those within and without the region, six historians have joined together with a sociologist, an economist, two literary scholars, a legal scholar, and a journalist. Their essays, which range in subject from the South's climate to its religious fundamentalism to its great outpouring of fiction and autobiography, are the products of strong and independent minds that cut across disciplines, disagree among themselves, blend contemporary and historical insights, and confront conventional wisdom and expedient generalities. Although consensus among the contributors was never the goal of this collection, some common themes do suggest themselves. Above all, there is not only a South defined by its geography, history, and society, but also a mythic and metaphoric South - one continually refashioned by national/regional discourse, trends and events. In addition, the South has long been a mirror in which America has viewed itself. The nation has sought, time and again, to change the region, but it has also used the South to expose and modify darker impulses of American culture.

The Appearance of Equality

Christophe M. Burke
The Appearance of Equality Book PDF

Author : Christophe M. Burke
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1999-06-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780313030161

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The Appearance of Equality by Christophe M. Burke Pdf

An examination of the language of law in the area of political representation, this book considers the development and recognition of group claims brought pursuant to the Voting Rights Act and the Equal Protection Clause in Supreme Court opinions. In his analysis, Burke highlights the different, discursive strategies, broadly identified as liberal and communitarian, used by the Supreme Court to justify the outcomes of various cases, and he argues that no particular strategy of justification is inherently politically conservative or liberal and that no conception of political representation is unassailable. Therefore, it is unlikely that the Supreme Court will articulate a stable measure of fair representation. The Supreme Court offers one more forum in the deliberation over what is fair representation; however, it is not likely to provide minority communities with a legal answer to the problem of political underrepresentation. As such, this book tells the uncertain story of the creation of political fairness by the Supreme Court. The language used to characterize what is fair and representative, and the theoretical designs which the rhetoric reflects, allows us to formulate concepts of fair representation as legal standards evolve. By placing the debate over fair representation in not only political and legal but also philosophical terms, we are better able to understand the inevitable tensions that drive the concept of representation into new, ill-defined, and contentious areas.

African American Legislators in the American States

Kerry L. Haynie
African American Legislators in the American States Book PDF

Author : Kerry L. Haynie
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2001-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780231505147

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African American Legislators in the American States by Kerry L. Haynie Pdf

Has black inclusion in the political process changed political institutions and led to more black influence in the governmental process? How do African American legislators balance racial interests with broader issues of government? And how is their effectiveness subjectively perceived and objectively evaluated? In one of the first book-length studies to analyze the behavior of African American state legislators in multiple legislative sessions across five states, Kerry Haynie has compiled a wealth of valuable data that reveals the dynamics and effectiveness of black participation in the legislative process. Owing to the increasing role of state government in administering what he defines as key "black issues"— education, healthcare, poverty/social welfare, civil rights, and children's issues—Haynie focuses on bills introduced in these categories in Arkansas, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina. The book reveals how responsive political institutions have been to the nation's largest minority group. It explores the question of how legislators deal with the "duality dilemma"—which requires them to be both responsible legislators and race representatives—and whether agendas should be "deracialized" in order to appeal to a broader constituency. Along with numerous statistical charts illustrating everything from representation on house standing committees to a ranking of the fifteen legislative sessions by quartiles of African American political incorporation, a useful and revealing portrait emerges—one that will fuel debate and inform future discussions of the role of African Americans in the political process.

African Americans and the Politics of Congressional Redistricting

Dewey M. Clayton
African Americans and the Politics of Congressional Redistricting Book PDF

Author : Dewey M. Clayton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135578435

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African Americans and the Politics of Congressional Redistricting by Dewey M. Clayton Pdf

This book provides a detailed analysis of the politics of racial redistricting, a topic of particular concern in light of recent federal court cases. The book is divided into two parts. Part one examines the historical exclusion of blacks from the American political process and the politics behind congressional redistricting. The text focuses on partisan manoeuvering and assesses whose interests were being served. In particular, the book chronicles the legislative action (creation of majority black districts) in North Carolina and around the South. Part two shifts the focus to the myriad of legal battles that ensued as a result of the newly-created districts in North Carolina and around the South. Majority black districts have been dismantled in the Supreme Court. This has been due to the criticism of their "arbitrary" shape, and the notion that race was considered a predominant fact or in their design. Yet, irregularly-shaped majority white districts have not been accused of violating districting principles. This book purports that blacks were not elected to national office in large numbers prior to the creation of majority black districts, indicating the continuing need for race-conscious districting as a temporary solution to a complex problem.

African American Perspectives on Political Science

Wilbur Rich
African American Perspectives on Political Science Book PDF

Author : Wilbur Rich
Publisher : Temple University Press
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-01-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781592131099

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African American Perspectives on Political Science by Wilbur Rich Pdf

Race matters in both national and international politics. Starting from this perspective, African American Perspectives on Political Science presents original essays from leading African American political scientists. Collectively, they evaluate the discipline, its subfields, the quality of race-related research, and omissions in the literature. They argue that because Americans do not fully understand the many-faceted issues of race in politics in their own country, they find it difficult to comprehend ethnic and racial disputes in other countries as well. In addition, partly because there are so few African Americans in the field, political science faces a danger of unconscious insularity in methodology and outlook. Contributors argue that the discipline needs multiple perspectives to prevent it from developing blind spots. Taken as a whole, these essays argue with great urgency that African American political scientists have a unique opportunity and a special responsibility to rethink the canon, the norms, and the directions of the discipline.

The Political Research Experience

Marcus E. Ethridge
The Political Research Experience Book PDF

Author : Marcus E. Ethridge
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317455417

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The Political Research Experience by Marcus E. Ethridge Pdf

Organized to complement an introductory course in political science research methods, this work aims to help students understand research as it is actually practiced. Each chapter opens with an explanation of basic concepts and methods of political research.