Cooperative Task Oriented Computing

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Cooperative Task-Oriented Computing

Chryssis Georgiou,Alexander Shvartsman
Cooperative Task Oriented Computing Book PDF

Author : Chryssis Georgiou,Alexander Shvartsman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031020056

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Cooperative Task-Oriented Computing by Chryssis Georgiou,Alexander Shvartsman Pdf

Cooperative network supercomputing is becoming increasingly popular for harnessing the power of the global Internet computing platform. A typical Internet supercomputer consists of a master computer or server and a large number of computers called workers, performing computation on behalf of the master. Despite the simplicity and benefits of a single master approach, as the scale of such computing environments grows, it becomes unrealistic to assume the existence of the infallible master that is able to coordinate the activities of multitudes of workers. Large-scale distributed systems are inherently dynamic and are subject to perturbations, such as failures of computers and network links, thus it is also necessary to consider fully distributed peer-to-peer solutions. We present a study of cooperative computing with the focus on modeling distributed computing settings, algorithmic techniques enabling one to combine efficiency and fault-tolerance in distributed systems, and the exposition of trade-offs between efficiency and fault-tolerance for robust cooperative computing. The focus of the exposition is on the abstract problem, called Do-All, and formulated in terms of a system of cooperating processors that together need to perform a collection of tasks in the presence of adversity. Our presentation deals with models, algorithmic techniques, and analysis. Our goal is to present the most interesting approaches to algorithm design and analysis leading to many fundamental results in cooperative distributed computing. The algorithms selected for inclusion are among the most efficient that additionally serve as good pedagogical examples. Each chapter concludes with exercises and bibliographic notes that include a wealth of references to related work and relevant advanced results. Table of Contents: Introduction / Distributed Cooperation and Adversity / Paradigms and Techniques / Shared-Memory Algorithms / Message-Passing Algorithms / The Do-All Problem in Other Settings / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies

Cooperative Task-oriented Computing

Chryssis Georgiou,Alex Allister Shvartsman
Cooperative Task oriented Computing Book PDF

Author : Chryssis Georgiou,Alex Allister Shvartsman
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781608452873

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Cooperative Task-oriented Computing by Chryssis Georgiou,Alex Allister Shvartsman Pdf

Cooperative network supercomputing is becoming increasingly popular for harnessing the power of the global Internet computing platform. A typical Internet supercomputer consists of a master computer or server and a large number of computers called workers, performing computation on behalf of the master. Despite the simplicity and benefits of a single master approach, as the scale of such computing environments grows, it becomes unrealistic to assume the existence of the infallible master that is able to coordinate the activities of multitudes of workers. Large-scale distributed systems are inherently dynamic and are subject to perturbations, such as failures of computers and network links, thus it is also necessary to consider fully distributed peer-to-peer solutions. We present a study of cooperative computing with the focus on modeling distributed computing settings, algorithmic techniques enabling one to combine efficiency and fault-tolerance in distributed systems, and the exposition of trade-offs between efficiency and fault-tolerance for robust cooperative computing. The focus of the exposition is on the abstract problem, called Do-All, and formulated in terms of a system of cooperating processors that together need to perform a collection of tasks in the presence of adversity. Our presentation deals with models, algorithmic techniques, and analysis. Our goal is to present the most interesting approaches to algorithm design and analysis leading to many fundamental results in cooperative distributed computing. The algorithms selected for inclusion are among the most efficient that additionally serve as good pedagogical examples. Each chapter concludes with exercises and bibliographic notes that include a wealth of references to related work and relevant advanced results. Table of Contents: Introduction / Distributed Cooperation and Adversity / Paradigms and Techniques / Shared-Memory Algorithms / Message-Passing Algorithms / The Do-All Problem in Other Settings / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies

Cooperative Knowledge Processing

Stefan Kirn,Gregory O'Hare
Cooperative Knowledge Processing Book PDF

Author : Stefan Kirn,Gregory O'Hare
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447130420

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Cooperative Knowledge Processing by Stefan Kirn,Gregory O'Hare Pdf

In the light of the challenges that face today's organizations, there is a grow ing recognition that future market success and long term' survival of enter prises will increasingly depend upon the effective usage of information technology. Of late, a new generation of terminology has emerged to describe enterprises. This terminology draws heavily upon the virtual concep- virtual reality, virtual organization, virtual (working) environment, and indeed virtual product. However, developing computerized organisations for the 21st century demands serious thought with regard to the judicious integration of organizational theory, design and practice with research tools and methods from within information processing technology. Within this book, we approach this aim from the perspective of a radically decentralized (possibly virtual) enterprise. We assume that organizations are becoming increasingly process-orientated, rather than adhering to the former more traditional organizational structures based upon task oriented models. This approach has proved illuminating in that, due to the inherent autonomy of organizational subunits any approach to coordinating decentralized activ ities (including workflows and business processes) necessitates a cooperative style of problem solving. This book introduces the reader to a stimulating new field of interdiscipli nary research in cooperative problem solving. In Chapter 1 Kim presents a view of three central discip14tes, namely those of Organizational Theory, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI). The applications given here demonstrate how future enterprises will benefit from recent advances in the technological arena of cooperative knowledge processing.

Fundamentals of Computation Theory

Leszek Antoni Gąsieniec,Jesper Jansson,Christos Levcopoulos
Fundamentals of Computation Theory Book PDF

Author : Leszek Antoni Gąsieniec,Jesper Jansson,Christos Levcopoulos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030250270

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Fundamentals of Computation Theory by Leszek Antoni Gąsieniec,Jesper Jansson,Christos Levcopoulos Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory, FCT 2019, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2019. The 21 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. In addition, the book contains 3 invited talks in full-paper length. The papers were organized in topical sections named: formal methods, complexity, and algorithms.

Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems

Pascal Felber,Vijay Garg
Stabilization Safety and Security of Distributed Systems Book PDF

Author : Pascal Felber,Vijay Garg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319117645

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Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems by Pascal Felber,Vijay Garg Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16 International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety and Security of Distributed Systems, SSS 2013, held in Osaka, Japan, in September/October 2014. The 21 regular papers and 8 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The Symposium is organized in several tracks, reflecting topics to self-* properties. The tracks are self-stabilization; ad-hoc; sensor and mobile networks; cyberphysical systems; fault-tolerant and dependable systems; formal methods; safety and security; and cloud computing; P2P; self-organizing; and autonomous systems.

Computers As Assistants

Peter Hoschka
Computers As Assistants Book PDF

Author : Peter Hoschka
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000105964

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Computers As Assistants by Peter Hoschka Pdf

Computer systems based on the notion of the computer as assistant have recently become the focus of intense interest. The expanding role of the computer in everyday life and the growing number of untrained users make it necessary to think about new ways of dividing labor between humans and machines. Future systems must take on more tasks and perform them more competently and autonomously than existing systems. If they are to be adequately flexible and responsive to complexity, they cannot automate their performance completely. The aim of designers should be to create computer systems with capabilities similar to those of good assistants in the real world. Effective assistance has many characteristics. An assistant is expected to be competent in some domains of expertise, to know the limits of his/her knowledge, to be able to process inexact instructions from clients, to adjust to and learn from them, to explain his/her behavior and suggestions, and to support clients in communication and cooperation with other people. This book believes that such capabilities can be built into computer systems. To that end, the chapter contributors discuss the concepts and methods--particularly from the fields of artificial intelligence and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW)--that they have drawn from to develop successful system prototypes. They present several of these prototypes including assistants for graphics design, knowledge discovery in data bases, coordination support, organizational memory, user interface design, and knowledge base construction. As such, this volume helps map out the future for all those involved in computer systems design.

Distributed Computing

Fabian Kuhn
Distributed Computing Book PDF

Author : Fabian Kuhn
Publisher : Springer
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662451748

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Distributed Computing by Fabian Kuhn Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, DISC 2014, held in Austin, TX, USA, in October 2014. The 35 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 full paper submissions. In the back matter of the volume a total of 18 brief announcements is presented. The papers are organized in topical sections named: concurrency; biological and chemical networks; agreement problems; robot coordination and scheduling; graph distances and routing; radio networks; shared memory; dynamic and social networks; relativistic systems; transactional memory and concurrent data structures; distributed graph algorithms; and communication.

Distributed Computing and Networking

Davide Frey,Michel Raynal,Saswati Sarkar,Rudrapatna K. Shyamasundar,Prasun Sinha
Distributed Computing and Networking Book PDF

Author : Davide Frey,Michel Raynal,Saswati Sarkar,Rudrapatna K. Shyamasundar,Prasun Sinha
Publisher : Springer
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642356681

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Distributed Computing and Networking by Davide Frey,Michel Raynal,Saswati Sarkar,Rudrapatna K. Shyamasundar,Prasun Sinha Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, ICDCN 2013, held in Mumbai, India, during January 3-6, 2013. The 27 revised full papers, 5 short papers presented together with 7 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 149 submissions. The papers cover topics such as distributed algorithms and concurrent data structures; integration of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks; distributed operating systems; internetworking protocols and internet applications; distributed database systems; mobile and pervasive computing, context-aware distributed systems; embedded distributed systems; next generation and converged network architectures; experiments and performance evaluation of distributed systems; overlay and peer-to-peer networks and services; fault-tolerance, reliability, and availability; home networking and services; multiprocessor and multi-core architectures and algorithms; resource management and quality of service; self-organization, self-stabilization, and autonomic computing; network security and privacy; high performance computing, grid computing, and cloud computing; energy-efficient networking and smart grids; security, cryptography, and game theory in distributed systems; sensor, PAN and ad-hoc networks; and traffic engineering, pricing, network management.

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

Uwe M. Borghoff,Johann H. Schlichter
Computer Supported Cooperative Work Book PDF

Author : Uwe M. Borghoff,Johann H. Schlichter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662042328

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Computer-Supported Cooperative Work by Uwe M. Borghoff,Johann H. Schlichter Pdf

A detailed introduction to interdisciplinary application area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work places or working times. The book is addressed to students of distributed systems, communications, information science and socio-organizational theory, as well as to users and developers of systems with group communication and cooperation as top priorities.

Cooperation and Integration in 6G Heterogeneous Networks

Jun Du,Chunxiao Jiang
Cooperation and Integration in 6G Heterogeneous Networks Book PDF

Author : Jun Du,Chunxiao Jiang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811976483

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Cooperation and Integration in 6G Heterogeneous Networks by Jun Du,Chunxiao Jiang Pdf

To provide ubiquitous and various services, 6G networks tend to be more comprehensive and multidimensional by integrating current terrestrial networks with space-/air-based information networks and marine information networks; then, heterogeneous network resources, as well as different types of users and data, will be also integrated. Driven by the exponentially growing demands of multimedia data traffic and computation-heavy applications, 6G heterogenous networks are expected to achieve a high QoS with ultra-reliability and low latency. In response, resource allocation has been considered an important factor that can improve 6G performance directly by configuring heterogeneous communication, computing and caching resources effectively and efficiently. The book addresses a range of technical issues in cooperative resource allocation and information sharing for the future 6G heterogenous networks, from the terrestrial ultra-dense networks and space-based networks to the integrated satellite-terrestrial networks, as well as introducing the effects of cooperative behavior among mobile users on increasing capacity, trustworthiness and privacy. For the cooperative transmission in heterogeneous networks, the authors commence with the traffic offloading problems in terrestrial ultra-dense networks, and the cognitive and cooperative mechanisms in heterogeneous space-based networks, the stability analysis of which is also provided. Moreover, for the cooperative transmission in integrated satellite-terrestrial networks, the authors present a pair of dynamic and adaptive resource allocation strategies for traffic offloading, cooperative beamforming and traffic prediction based cooperative transmission. Later, the authors discuss the cooperative computation and caching resource allocation in heterogeneous networks, with the highlight of providing our current studies on the game theory, auction theory and deep reinforcement learning based approaches. Meanwhile, the authors introduce the cooperative resource and information sharing among users, in which capacity oriented-, trustworthiness oriented-, and privacy oriented cooperative mechanisms are investigated. Finally, the conclusion is drawn.

Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing

Yuqing Sun,Dongning Liu,Hao Liao,Hongfei Fan,Liping Gao
Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Book PDF

Author : Yuqing Sun,Dongning Liu,Hao Liao,Hongfei Fan,Liping Gao
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9811625417

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Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing by Yuqing Sun,Dongning Liu,Hao Liao,Hongfei Fan,Liping Gao Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 15th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2020, held in Shenzhen, China, in November 2020. The 40 revised full papers and 15 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 137 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on: crowdsourcing, crowd intelligence, and crowd cooperative computing; domain-specific collaborative applications; collaborative mechanisms, models, approaches, algorithms, and systems; social media and online communities; and short papers.

Decidability of Parameterized Verification

Roderick Bloem,Swen Jacobs,Ayrat Kalimov,Igor Konnov
Decidability of Parameterized Verification Book PDF

Author : Roderick Bloem,Swen Jacobs,Ayrat Kalimov,Igor Konnov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031020117

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Decidability of Parameterized Verification by Roderick Bloem,Swen Jacobs,Ayrat Kalimov,Igor Konnov Pdf

While the classic model checking problem is to decide whether a finite system satisfies a specification, the goal of parameterized model checking is to decide, given finite systems (n) parameterized by n ∈ N, whether, for all n ∈ N, the system (n) satisfies a specification. In this book we consider the important case of (n) being a concurrent system, where the number of replicated processes depends on the parameter n but each process is independent of n. Examples are cache coherence protocols, networks of finite-state agents, and systems that solve mutual exclusion or scheduling problems. Further examples are abstractions of systems, where the processes of the original systems actually depend on the parameter. The literature in this area has studied a wealth of computational models based on a variety of synchronization and communication primitives, including token passing, broadcast, and guarded transitions. Often, different terminology is used in the literature, and results are based on implicit assumptions. In this book, we introduce a computational model that unites the central synchronization and communication primitives of many models, and unveils hidden assumptions from the literature. We survey existing decidability and undecidability results, and give a systematic view of the basic problems in this exciting research area.

Distributed Graph Coloring

Leonid Barenboim,Michael Elkin
Distributed Graph Coloring Book PDF

Author : Leonid Barenboim,Michael Elkin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031020094

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Distributed Graph Coloring by Leonid Barenboim,Michael Elkin Pdf

The focus of this monograph is on symmetry breaking problems in the message-passing model of distributed computing. In this model a communication network is represented by a n-vertex graph G = (V,E), whose vertices host autonomous processors. The processors communicate over the edges of G in discrete rounds. The goal is to devise algorithms that use as few rounds as possible. A typical symmetry-breaking problem is the problem of graph coloring. Denote by ? the maximum degree of G. While coloring G with ? + 1 colors is trivial in the centralized setting, the problem becomes much more challenging in the distributed one. One can also compromise on the number of colors, if this allows for more efficient algorithms. Other typical symmetry-breaking problems are the problems of computing a maximal independent set (MIS) and a maximal matching (MM). The study of these problems dates back to the very early days of distributed computing. The founding fathers of distributed computing laid firm foundations for the area of distributed symmetry breaking already in the eighties. In particular, they showed that all these problems can be solved in randomized logarithmic time. Also, Linial showed that an O(?2)-coloring can be solved very efficiently deterministically. However, fundamental questions were left open for decades. In particular, it is not known if the MIS or the (? + 1)-coloring can be solved in deterministic polylogarithmic time. Moreover, until recently it was not known if in deterministic polylogarithmic time one can color a graph with significantly fewer than ?2 colors. Additionally, it was open (and still open to some extent) if one can have sublogarithmic randomized algorithms for the symmetry breaking problems. Recently, significant progress was achieved in the study of these questions. More efficient deterministic and randomized (? + 1)-coloring algorithms were achieved. Deterministic ?1 + o(1)-coloring algorithms with polylogarithmic running time were devised. Improved (and often sublogarithmic-time) randomized algorithms were devised. Drastically improved lower bounds were given. Wide families of graphs in which these problems are solvable much faster than on general graphs were identified. The objective of our monograph is to cover most of these developments, and as a result to provide a treatise on theoretical foundations of distributed symmetry breaking in the message-passing model. We hope that our monograph will stimulate further progress in this exciting area.

Link Reversal Algorithms

Jennifer Welch,Jennifer Walter
Link Reversal Algorithms Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Welch,Jennifer Walter
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031020063

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Link Reversal Algorithms by Jennifer Welch,Jennifer Walter Pdf

Link reversal is a versatile algorithm design technique that has been used in numerous distributed algorithms for a variety of problems. The common thread in these algorithms is that the distributed system is viewed as a graph, with vertices representing the computing nodes and edges representing some other feature of the system (for instance, point-to-point communication channels or a conflict relationship). Each algorithm assigns a virtual direction to the edges of the graph, producing a directed version of the original graph. As the algorithm proceeds, the virtual directions of some of the links in the graph change in order to accomplish some algorithm-specific goal. The criterion for changing link directions is based on information that is local to a node (such as the node having no outgoing links) and thus this approach scales well, a feature that is desirable for distributed algorithms. This monograph presents, in a tutorial way, a representative sampling of the work on link-reversal-based distributed algorithms. The algorithms considered solve routing, leader election, mutual exclusion, distributed queueing, scheduling, and resource allocation. The algorithms can be roughly divided into two types, those that assume a more abstract graph model of the networks, and those that take into account more realistic details of the system. In particular, these more realistic details include the communication between nodes, which may be through asynchronous message passing, and possible changes in the graph, for instance, due to movement of the nodes. We have not attempted to provide a comprehensive survey of all the literature on these topics. Instead, we have focused in depth on a smaller number of fundamental papers, whose common thread is that link reversal provides a way for nodes in the system to observe their local neighborhoods, take only local actions, and yet cause global problems to be solved. We conjecture that future interesting uses of link reversal are yet to be discovered. Table of Contents: Introduction / Routing in a Graph: Correctness / Routing in a Graph: Complexity / Routing and Leader Election in a Distributed System / Mutual Exclusion in a Distributed System / Distributed Queueing / Scheduling in a Graph / Resource Allocation in a Distributed System / Conclusion

Quorum Systems

Marko Vukolic
Quorum Systems Book PDF

Author : Marko Vukolic
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031020070

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Quorum Systems by Marko Vukolic Pdf

A quorum system is a collection of subsets of nodes, called quorums, with the property that each pair of quorums have a non-empty intersection. Quorum systems are the key mathematical abstraction for ensuring consistency in fault-tolerant and highly available distributed computing. Critical for many applications since the early days of distributed computing, quorum systems have evolved from simple majorities of a set of processes to complex hierarchical collections of sets, tailored for general adversarial structures. The initial non-empty intersection property has been refined many times to account for, e.g., stronger (Byzantine) adversarial model, latency considerations or better availability. This monograph is an overview of the evolution and refinement of quorum systems, with emphasis on their role in two fundamental applications: distributed read/write storage and consensus. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preliminaries / Classical Quorum Systems / Classical Quorum-Based Emulations / Byzantine Quorum Systems / Latency-efficient Quorum Systems / Probabilistic Quorum Systems