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Author : Gustavo Deco,Per E. Roland,Claus C. Hilgetag
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-17
Category : Biological psychiatry
ISBN : 9782889192885
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Author : Kathleen S. Rockland,Javier DeFelipe
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-15
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889199167
An explosion of new techniques with vastly improved visualization and sensitivity is leading a veritable revolution in modern neuroanatomy. Basic questions related to cell types, input localization, and connectivity are being re-visited and tackled with significantly more accurate and higher resolution experimental approaches. A major goal of this e-Book is thus to highlight in one place the impressive range of available techniques, even as these are fast becoming routine. This is not meant as a technical review, however, but rather will project the technical explosion as indicative of a field now in a vibrant state of renewal. Thus, contributions will be mainly research articles using the newer techniques. A second goal is to showcase what has become the conspicuous interdisciplinary reach of the field: neuroanatomical standards and the close association of structure-function and underlying circuitry mechanisms are increasingly relevant to investigations in development, physiology, and disease. Another feature of this Research Topic is that it includes a breadth of cross-species contributions from investigators working with rodent, nonhuman primate, and human brains. This is important since most of our current knowledge of brain structure has been obtained from experimental animals. However, recent technical advances, coupled with researcher willingness to use the human tissue available, will undoubtedly lead to major advances in the near future regarding human brain mapping and connectomes. Thus, of particular interest will be the methods that can help to define general wiring principles in the brain, both structural and functional. Overall, the state of the field is: exciting.
Author : Ray Guillery
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780192529534
There are two distinct views about the functions of our brains and their origins. The standard view, taught in most neuroscience texts, has incoming messages about the world sent to the cerebral cortex, with the cortex then producing an appropriate motor output. The interactive view, largely expressed by philosophers and psychologists, stresses the continuous sensorimotor interactions of the brain with the world. The Brain as a Tool focuses on thalamo-cortical interactions on the basis of the interactive view, exploring the phylogenetically new transthalamic corticocortical pathways of mammals that link a hierarchy of cortical areas to each other and back to the phylogenetically older motor centres for control of action. The book demonstrates how messages in these pathways produce an anticipation of our own actions and perceptions. In relating neural events to conscious processing and our sense of self , Guillery summarizes important evidence which links neuroscience with psychology and philosophy. This book is essential reading for neuroscientists, cognitive psychologists and philosophers. Supplemented with a helpful glossary of neural terms and numerous illustrations of the brain, it is also an important resource for graduate and postdoctoral students interested in the neural bases of a sense of self and of cognitive functions.
Author : Rolf Kötter,Marcus Kaiser,Claus C. Hilgetag
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889190102
Hierarchy is a central feature in the organisation of complex biological systems and particularly the structure and function of neural networks. While other aspects of brain connectivity such as regionalisation, modularity or motif composition have been discussed elsewhere, no detailed analysis has been presented so far on the role of hierarchy and its connection to brain dynamics. Recent discussions among many of our colleagues have shown an increasing interest in hierarchy (of spatial, temporal and dynamic features), and this is an emerging key question in neuroscience as well as generally in the field of network science, due to its links with concepts of control, efficiency and development across scales (e.g. Hilgetag et al. Science, 1996; Ravasz et al. Science, 2002; Bassett et al. PNAS, 2006; Mueller-Linow et al. PLoS Comp. Biol., in press). The proposed Research Topic will address recent findings from a theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following four headings: 1) Topology: Detecting and characterizing network hierarchy; 2) Experiments: Neural dynamics across hierarchical scales; 3) Dynamics: Activity spread, oscillations, and synchronization in hierarchical networks; 4) Dynamics: Stable functioning and information processing in hierarchical networks.
Author : Satu Palva
Publisher : Springer
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319322650
Systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate the temporally, anatomically, and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. In humans, neuronal oscillations and synchronization can be recorded non-invasively with electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) that have excellent temporal resolution and an adequate spatial resolution when combined with source-reconstruction methods. In this book, leading authors in the field describe how recent methodological advances have paved the way to several major breakthroughs in the observations of large-scale synchrony from human non-invasive MEG data. This volume also presents the caveats influencing analyses of synchronization. These include the non-homogeneous sensitivity of MEG to superficial cortical sources, and, most importantly, the multitude of consequences of linear mixing. Linear mixing is an immense confounder in the sensor-level analyses of synchronization, but is also present at the source level. Approaches that can be used to avoid or compensate for these issues are then discussed. Thereafter, several authors take up a number of the functional roles that large-scale synchronization has in cognition. The authors assess how the spatio–temporal and –spectral organization and strength of both local and large-scale synchronized networks are associated with conscious sensory perception, visual working memory functions, and attention. These chapters summarize several lines of research showing how the strength of local and inter-areal oscillations in both cortical and subcortical brain structures is correlated with cognitive functions. Together these data suggest that synchronized neuronal oscillations may be a systems-level neuronal mechanism underlying the coordination of distributed processing in human cognition. In line with this argument, other authors go on to describe how oscillations and synchronization are altered in clinical populations, complementing the data presented on healthy subjects. Importantly, this book includes chapters from authors using many different approaches to the analyses of neuronal oscillations, ranging from local oscillatory activities to the usage of graph theoretical tools in the analyses of synchronization. In this way the present volume provides a comprehensive view on the analyses and functional significance of neuronal oscillations in humans. This book is aimed at doctoral and post-doctoral students as well as research scientists in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and neurosciences.
Author : Ronald Tetzlaff,Christian E Elger,Klaus Lehnertz
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789814525367
This book is to improve our understanding of mechanisms leading to seizures in humans and in developing new therapeutic options. The book covers topics such as recent approaches to seizure control, recent developments in signal processing of interest for seizure prediction, ictogenesis in complex epileptic brain networks, active probing of the pre-seizure state, non-EEG based approaches to the transition to seizures, microseizures and their role in the generation of clinical seizures, the impact of sleep and long-biological cycles on seizure prediction, as well as animal and computational models of seizures and epilepsy. Furthermore the book covers recent developments of international databases and of parallel computing structures based on Cellular Nonlinear Networks that can play an important role in the realization of a portable seizure warning device. Contents:Epileptic Networks and Their Role for Seizure Prediction and Seizure Control:Transition Into and Out of a Focal Seizure (M de Curtis)Neuronal and Network Dynamics Preceding Experimental Seizures (P Jiruska, F Mormann and J G R Jefferys)Interictal EEG and Its Relevance for Seizure Prediction (A Schulze-Bonhage)Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy (M Sprengers, R Raedt, A Meurs, E Carrette, D van Roost, P Boon and K Vonck)Computational Models of Seizures and Epilepsy:Patient-Specific Neural Mass Modeling — Stochastic and Deterministic Methods (D R Freestone, L Kuhlmann, M S Chong, D Nesic and D B Grayden)Computational Modelling of Microseizures and Focal Seizure Onset (Y Wang, M Goodfellow, P N Taylor, D J Garry and G Baier)Predictability of Seizure-Like Events in a Complex Network Model of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons (A Rothkegel and K Lehnertz)Bursting and Synchrony in Networks of Model Neurons (C Geier, A Rothkegel and K Lehnertz)Advances in Analysis and Measurement Techniques:Signal Processing of the EEG: Approaches Tailored to Epilepsy (B Schelter, M Thiel, M Mader and W Mader)From Time Series to Complex Networks: An Overview (S Bialonski and K Lehnertz)Visualizing and Quantifying EEG Complexity on the Base of Ordinal Pattern Distributions (K Keller)Dynamics of Linear and Nonlinear Interrelation Networks in Peri-Ictal Intracranial EEG: Seizure Onset and Termination (C Rummel, M Müller, M Hauf, R Wiest and K Schindler)On the Centrality of the Focus in Human Epileptic Brain Networks (C Geier, M-T Kuhnert, C E Elger and K Lehnertz)Pre-Seizure States in Epileptic Brain Nnetworks: A Surrogate-Assisted, Weighted Network Analysis (G Ansmann, M-T Kuhnert, C E Elger and K Lehnertz)Network Analysis of Generalized Epileptic Discharges (P Ossenblok, P van Houdt, A Lüttjohann and G van Luijtelaar)Signal Processing Platform Based on Cellular Nonlinear Networks (J Müller, J Müller, R Becker and R Tetzlaff)Seizure Prediction by Cellular Nonlinear Networks? (V Senger and R Tetzlaff)Measuring Directed Interactions Using Cellular Neural Networks with Complex Connection Topologies (H Dickten, C E Elger and K Lehnertz)Seizure Prediction Using Optical Measurements of Blood Flow and Oxygenation (M Zhao, H Ma and T H Schwartz)Observing the Sleep-Wake Regulatory System to Improve Prediction of Seizures (M Sedigh-Sarvestani and B J Gluckman)The World's Largest Epilepsy Database: Content and Structure (M Ihle, B Schelter, J Timmer and A Schulze-Bonhage) Readership: Graduate students and professionals in the field of epileptology, neurosurgery and neuroscience. Keywords:Epileptic Networks;Seizure Prediction;Seizure Control;Computational Models;EpilepsyKey Features:Provides latest findings in the field of epilepsy research
Author : Serhiy Yanchuk,Viktor Jirsa,Joana Cabral,Oleksandr Popovych,Alessandro Torcini
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889761388
Author : Usrey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 817 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780197676158
"This book is an attempt to cover two gaps in our appreciation of the critical interplay between thalamus and cortex . One is that the tendency in covering these subjects is to treat each in isolation, which overlooks the point that a key to understanding their function is appreciating their essential partnership and interdependence for sensation, action, and cognition"--
Author : Plamen Ch. Ivanov,Andras Eke,Olga Sosnovtseva
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 842 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889714353
Author : J.A. Reggia,E. Ruppin,D.L. Glanzman
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1999-09-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080862462
This book contains selected contributions of papers, many presented at the Second International Workshop on Neural Modeling of Brain Disorders, as well as a few additional papers on related topics, including a wide range of presentations describing computational models of neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. It is a unique, comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of modeling cognitive and brain disorders, appealing to a multidisciplinary audience of clinicians, psychologists, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, computer scientists, and other neural network researchers. The rest of the book is organized along four main themes, involving memory, neuropsychological, neurological and psychiatric disorders. In general, the cognitive disorders and these psychiatric diseases traditionally regarded as "functional" were modeled along functional lines, while those disorders traditionally viewed as "organic" neurological diseases generally drew more from knowledge of the underlying neurobiology and pathophysiology.
Author : Olivia Gosseries
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832501238
Author : Rebecca Steinberg,Steven Kornguth,Michael D Matthews
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317088783
Neurocognitive and Physiological Factors During High-Tempo Operations features world-renowned scientists conducting groundbreaking research into the basic mechanisms of stress effects on the human body and psyche, as well as introducing novel pharmaceutics and equipment that can rescue or improve maximal performance during stress. Its focus is on the military model as an exemplar for high-stress environments, the best for understanding human performance under stress, both in the short-term as well as in the long-term. The unprecedented demands on the modern soldier include constantly shifting enemy threat levels and tactics, ambiguous loyalties, rapidly evolving weaponry, and the need to amass, comprehend, retain, and act upon large datasets of information. During high-tempo operations, soldiers must maintain superior cognitive and physical skill levels throughout extended periods of little to no sleep. Furthermore, although a soldier fresh from training may perform at peak skill, the effects of cognitive and physical strain and sleeplessness during deployment can impair his or her ability to transfer instructional knowledge to complex real-life situations. It is necessary to understand how intense workloads, both mental and physical, combine with total sleep deprivation to alter soldier situation awareness, decision-making, and physical abilities. The resulting knowledge can be used to design rapid, deployable fitness-for-duty measures, alter training protocols, and assess training efficacy in order to enable decision-makers to act at peak ability during high operations tempo. In addition, dual-use applications of resulting knowledge and technology extend well into the civilian sector, to law-enforcement officers, healthcare professionals, and emergency responders. The book differs from many previous human factors publications by presenting state-of-the-art neuroscience data in a format that is comprehensible and informative for readers of diverse backgrounds. It not only details human behaviors and perception, but also provides concise brain imagery and physiological findings to support its conclusions. In addition, the incorporation of the US Army soldier model of extreme stress and extreme performance demands provides a real-life theme that anchors the scientific, organizational, assessment and response aspects of each chapter. This book synthesizes hard facts with real-life accounts of performing under stress and shows how a large oversight institution like the US Army can measure and improve human factors considerations for its members.
Author : Michael A. Gropper,Lars I. Eriksson,Lee A. Fleisher,Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish,Neal H. Cohen,Kate Leslie
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 3490 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323612647
Covering everything from historical and international perspectives to basic science and current clinical practice, Miller's Anesthesia, 9th Edition, remains the preeminent reference in the field. Dr. Michael Gropper leads a team of global experts who bring you the most up-to-date information available on the technical, scientific, and clinical issues you face each day – whether you’re preparing for the boards, studying for recertification, or managing a challenging patient care situation in your practice. Includes four new chapters: Clinical Care in Extreme Environments: High Pressure, Immersion, and Hypo- and Hyperthermia; Immediate and Long-Term Complications; Clinical Research; and Interpreting the Medical Literature. Addresses timely topics such as neurotoxicity, palliation, and sleep/wake disorders. Streamlines several topics into single chapters with fresh perspectives from new authors, making the material more readable and actionable. Features the knowledge and expertise of former lead editor Dr. Ronald Miller, as well as new editor Dr. Kate Leslie of the University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital. Provides state-of-the-art coverage of anesthetic drugs, guidelines for anesthetic practice and patient safety, new techniques, step-by-step instructions for patient management, the unique needs of pediatric patients, and much more – all highlighted by more than 1,500 full-color illustrations for enhanced visual clarity.
Author : Dylan D. Schmorrow,Ivy V. Estabrooke,Marc Grootjen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 860 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642028120
The 13th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, HCI Inter- tional 2009, was held in San Diego, California, USA, July 19–24, 2009, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2009, the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction, the Third International Conf- ence on Virtual and Mixed Reality, the Third International Conference on Internati- alization, Design and Global Development, the Third International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 5th International Conference on Augmented Cognition, the Second International Conference on Digital Human Mod- ing, and the First International Conference on Human Centered Design. A total of 4,348 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and gove- mental agencies from 73 countries submitted contributions, and 1,397 papers that were judged to be of high scientific quality were included in the program. These papers - dress the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of the design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human–computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas.
Author : Anne Keitel,Johanna Rimmele,Sophie Molholm,Joachim Gross
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889454587
Brain oscillations, or neural rhythms, reflect widespread functional connections between large-scale neural networks, as well as within cortical networks. As such they have been related to many aspects of human behaviour. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of brain oscillations at distinct frequency bands in cognitive, sensory and motor tasks. Consequentially, those rhythms also affect diverse aspects of human communication. On the one hand, this comprises verbal communication; a field where the understanding of neural mechanisms has seen huge advances in recent years. Speech is inherently organised in a rhythmic manner. For example, time scales of phonemes and syllables, but also formal prosodic aspects such as intonation and stress, fall into distinct frequency bands. Likewise, neural rhythms in the brain play a role in speech segmentation and coding of continuous speech at multiple time scales, as well as in the production of speech. On the other hand, human communication involves widespread and diverse nonverbal aspects where the role of neural rhythms is far less understood. This can be the enhancement of speech processing through visual signals, thought to be guided via brain oscillations, or the conveying of emotion, which results in differential rhythmic modulations in the observer. Additionally, body movements and gestures often have a communicative purpose and are known to modulate sensorimotor rhythms in the observer. This Research Topic of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience highlights the diverse aspects of human communication that are shaped by rhythmic activity in the brain. Relevant contributions are presented from various fields including cognitive and social neuroscience, neuropsychiatry, and methodology. As such they provide important new insights into verbal and non-verbal communication, pathological changes, and methodological innovations.