Criminal Careers

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Understanding Criminal Careers

Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis
Understanding Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134025909

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Understanding Criminal Careers by Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis Pdf

The study of criminal careers is of increasing interest in criminology. It is now generally recognised that it is important to try to understand criminal behaviour across the life-course rather than focusing on fragmented incidents which provide only a partial picture. This is an accessible text which clarifies the crucial theoretical and methodological debates surrounding the study of criminal careers. It focuses on some major longitudinal studies discussing the onset, persistence, desistance and the duration of a criminal career. The important topics of prediction, risk and specialisation are addressed. The challenging question of 'When do ex-offenders become like non-offenders?' points a way forward. The book concludes by proposing an even more ambitious approach to the topic of criminal careers.

Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers

Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard
Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1996-10-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0306453479

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Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers by Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard Pdf

It takes courage to do research on crime and delinquency. Such research is typically conducted in an atmosphere of concern about the problem it addresses and is typically justified as an attempt to discover new facts or to evaluate innovative programs or policies. When, as must often be the case, no new facts are forthcoming or innovative programs turn out not to work, hopes are dashed and time and money are felt to have been wasted. Because they take more time, longitudinal studies require even greater amounts of courage. If the potential for discovery is enhanced, so is the risk of wasted effort. Long-term longitudinal studies are thought to be especially risky for other reasons as well. Theories, issues, and sta tistical methods in vogue at the time they were planned may not be in vogue when they are finally executed. Perhaps worse, according to some perspectives, the structure of causal factors may shift during the execu tion of a longitudinal project such that in the end its findings apply to a reality that no longer exists. These fears and expectations assume an ever-changing world and a corresponding conception of research as a more or less disciplined search for news. Such ideas belittle the contributions of past research and leave us vulnerable to theories, programs, policies, and research agendas that may have only tenuous connections to research of any kind.

Criminal Careers

Witold Klaus,Irena Rzeplińska,Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst
Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Witold Klaus,Irena Rzeplińska,Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000820454

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Criminal Careers by Witold Klaus,Irena Rzeplińska,Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst Pdf

Criminal Careers follows the lives and criminal behaviours of 2,397 people in Poland who as juveniles committed a crime and received a form of punishment from the juvenile court between the late 1980s and the year 2000. Through combining quantitative and qualitative research, their criminal careers, the differences between men and women, risk factors, and reasons for nondesistance are analysed. Uniquely, the authors have used an extensive database of former juveniles, in which as many as 40% were women. This book therefore makes a comparison between women and men in terms of their future life paths. Additionally, the researched group consisted of teenagers from two different periods: the 1980s (the transition generation) and 2000 (the millennial generation), which in the context of Central and Eastern European countries means that they entered adulthood in completely different realities. These differences are therefore also explored in depth within the book. By focusing on Poland, the book provides a different perspective to criminal career research, which is generally limited to a few countries in Western Europe and the United States. The book will be of great interest to academics and students who are developing their own research in the fields of criminal careers, juvenile delinquency, and antisocial behaviours by young people. It will also appeal to professionals, including juvenile judges, probation officers, staff in correctional facilities and social rehabilitation institutions, social workers and employees of nonprofit organisations that support juveniles, people in crisis, and prisoners or exprisoners.

Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers

Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard
Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781475798449

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Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers by Paul E. Tracy,Kimberly Kempf-Leonard Pdf

It takes courage to do research on crime and delinquency. Such research is typically conducted in an atmosphere of concern about the problem it addresses and is typically justified as an attempt to discover new facts or to evaluate innovative programs or policies. When, as must often be the case, no new facts are forthcoming or innovative programs turn out not to work, hopes are dashed and time and money are felt to have been wasted. Because they take more time, longitudinal studies require even greater amounts of courage. If the potential for discovery is enhanced, so is the risk of wasted effort. Long-term longitudinal studies are thought to be especially risky for other reasons as well. Theories, issues, and sta tistical methods in vogue at the time they were planned may not be in vogue when they are finally executed. Perhaps worse, according to some perspectives, the structure of causal factors may shift during the execu tion of a longitudinal project such that in the end its findings apply to a reality that no longer exists. These fears and expectations assume an ever-changing world and a corresponding conception of research as a more or less disciplined search for news. Such ideas belittle the contributions of past research and leave us vulnerable to theories, programs, policies, and research agendas that may have only tenuous connections to research of any kind.

Understanding Criminal Careers

Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis
Understanding Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis
Publisher : Willan
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134025831

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Understanding Criminal Careers by Keith Soothill,Claire Fitzpatrick,Brian Francis Pdf

The study of criminal careers is of increasing interest in criminology. It is now generally recognised that it is important to try to understand criminal behaviour across the life-course rather than focusing on fragmented incidents which provide only a partial picture. This is an accessible text which clarifies the crucial theoretical and methodological debates surrounding the study of criminal careers. It focuses on some major longitudinal studies discussing the onset, persistence, desistance and the duration of a criminal career. The important topics of prediction, risk and specialisation are addressed. The challenging question of 'When do ex-offenders become like non-offenders?' points a way forward. The book concludes by proposing an even more ambitious approach to the topic of criminal careers.

Explaining Criminal Careers

John F. MacLeod,Peter Grove,David Farrington
Explaining Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : John F. MacLeod,Peter Grove,David Farrington
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-08-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191645242

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Explaining Criminal Careers by John F. MacLeod,Peter Grove,David Farrington Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Explaining Criminal Careers presents a simple but influential theory of crime, conviction and reconviction. The assumptions of the theory are derived directly from a detailed analysis of cohort samples extracted from the Home Office Offenders Index - a unique database which contains records of all criminal (standard list) convictions in England and Wales since 1963. In particular, the theory explains the well-known Age/Crime curve. Based on the idea that there are only three types of offenders, who commit crimes at either high or low (constant) rates and have either a high or low (constant) risk of reoffending, this simple theory makes exact quantitative predictions about criminal careers and age-crime curves. Purely from the birth-rate over the second part of the 20th century, the theory accurately predicts (to within 2%) the prison population contingent on a given sentencing policy. The theory also suggests that increasing the probability of conviction after each offence is the most effective way of reducing crime, although there is a role for treatment programmes for some offenders. The authors indicate that crime is influenced by the operation of the Criminal Justice System and that offenders do not 'grow out' of crime as commonly supposed; they are persuaded to stop or decide to stop after (repeated) convictions, with a certain fraction of offenders desisting after each conviction. Simply imprisoning offenders will not reduce crime either by individual deterrence or by incapacitation. With comprehensive explanations of the formulae used and complete mathematical appendices allowing for individual interpretations and further development of the theory, Explaining Criminal Careers represents an innovative and meticulous investigation into criminal activity and the influences behind it. With clear policy implications and a wealth of original and significant discussions, this book marks a ground-breaking chapter in the criminological debate surrounding criminal careers.

Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals,"

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice,Panel on Research on Criminal Careers
Criminal Careers and Career Criminals Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice,Panel on Research on Criminal Careers
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1986-02-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309036849

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Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals," by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice,Panel on Research on Criminal Careers Pdf

By focusing attention on individuals rather than on aggregates, this book takes a novel approach to studying criminal behavior. It develops a framework for collecting information about individual criminal careers and their parameters, reviews existing knowledge about criminal career dimensions, presents models of offending patterns, and describes how criminal career information can be used to develop and refine criminal justice policies. In addition, an agenda for future research on criminal careers is presented.

The Termination of Criminal Careers

Stephen Farrall
The Termination of Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : Stephen Farrall
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351540032

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The Termination of Criminal Careers by Stephen Farrall Pdf

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the attention given to the later stages of criminal careers. Research upon this topic has charted the main factors associated with the termination of criminal careers, outlined some of the possible reasons behind these relationships and started to develop theoretical explanations for such relationships. Collected together for the first time are some of the most important contributions to this field of research. The collection focuses upon the initial explorations into this topic, the most commonly observed findings, the cessation of offending by specific offender-types and theoretical matters. An introductory essay by the editor provides a thorough overview of the work in this area and highlights the reasons why the termination of criminal careers will become increasingly important to criminologists and criminal justice policy makers alike.

White-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers

David Weisburd,Elin Waring
White Collar Crime and Criminal Careers Book PDF

Author : David Weisburd,Elin Waring
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2001-02-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 0521777631

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White-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers by David Weisburd,Elin Waring Pdf

Weisburd and Waring offer here the first detailed examination of the white-collar criminal career.

Key Issues in Criminal Career Research

Alex R. Piquero,David P. Farrington,Alfred Blumstein
Key Issues in Criminal Career Research Book PDF

Author : Alex R. Piquero,David P. Farrington,Alfred Blumstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0521613094

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Key Issues in Criminal Career Research by Alex R. Piquero,David P. Farrington,Alfred Blumstein Pdf

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Criminal Careers and Communities in the United States

Cynthia Baiqing Zhang,Meredith L. Ille
Criminal Careers and Communities in the United States Book PDF

Author : Cynthia Baiqing Zhang,Meredith L. Ille
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781793648891

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Criminal Careers and Communities in the United States by Cynthia Baiqing Zhang,Meredith L. Ille Pdf

Using interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys from formerly and currently incarcerated people, this book examines criminal behavior through identity and community.

The Criminal Career

Britta Kyvsgaard
The Criminal Career Book PDF

Author : Britta Kyvsgaard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2002-11-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1139434713

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The Criminal Career by Britta Kyvsgaard Pdf

How can the average 'criminal career' be characterized and how common are career criminals? Does offending become more specialized and/or more serious as people get older? Do female careers in crime differ from those of males in substance or only in magnitude? Britta Kyvsgaard examines these questions through her longitudinal analysis of the life circumstances and criminal pursuits of 45,000 Danish offenders. This 2002 book provides a remarkably broad assessment of the full spectrum of criminal career patterns. The data, unparalleled in size and quality, allows powerful analyses of criminal behavior, even among relatively small demographic subgroups. Kyvsgaard is thus able to make solid assessments of offending patterns for males and females, juveniles and middle-aged adults, and employed and unemployed individuals. Furthermore, she examines the empirical evidence of the effects of deterrence and incapacitation. Her findings suggest rehabilitation as an alternative worthy of further research.

Criminal Career Research: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide

Oxford University Press
Criminal Career Research Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide Book PDF

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199803293

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Criminal Career Research: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by Oxford University Press Pdf

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of criminology find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In criminology, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study and practice of criminology. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.

Choosing White-Collar Crime

Neal Shover,Andrew Hochstetler
Choosing White Collar Crime Book PDF

Author : Neal Shover,Andrew Hochstetler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 052166554X

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Choosing White-Collar Crime by Neal Shover,Andrew Hochstetler Pdf

This systematic application of rational-choice theory to white-collar crime problems distinguishes ordinary and upperworld white-collar crime and presents reasons theoretically for believing that both have increased substantially over time. Reasons for the increase include the growing supply of white-collar lure and non-credible oversight. The book argues that measures and approaches used in the war on street crime have greater promise for reducing white-collar crime. Concluding with reasons for believing that problems of white-collar crime will continue unchecked in the increasingly global economy, it calls for strengthened citizen movements to rein in the increases.

Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals,"

Panel on Research on Criminal Careers
Criminal Careers and Career Criminals Book PDF

Author : Panel on Research on Criminal Careers
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1986-01-15
Category : Law
ISBN : NAP:11778

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Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals," by Panel on Research on Criminal Careers Pdf

Volume II takes an in-depth look at the various aspects of criminal careers, including the relationship of alcohol and drug abuse to criminal careers, co-offending influences on criminal careers, issues in the measurement of criminal careers, accuracy of prediction models, and ethical issues in the use of criminal career information in making decisions about offenders.