Crony Capitalism In The Middle East

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Crony Capitalism in the Middle East

Ishac Diwan,Adeel Malik,Izak Atiyas
Crony Capitalism in the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Ishac Diwan,Adeel Malik,Izak Atiyas
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192559920

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Crony Capitalism in the Middle East by Ishac Diwan,Adeel Malik,Izak Atiyas Pdf

The popular uprisings in 2011 that overthrew Arab dictators were also a rebuke to crony capitalism, diverted against both rulers and their allied businessmen who monopolize all economic opportunities. While the Middle East has witnessed a growing nexus between business and politics in the wake of liberalization, little is discussed about the nature of business cronies, the sectors in which they operate, the mechanisms used to favour them, and the possible impact of such crony relations on the region's development. Combining inputs from leading scholars in the field, Crony Capitalism in the Middle East: Business and Politics from Liberalization to the Arab Spring presents a wealth of empirical evidence on the form and function of this aspect of the region. Crony Capitalism in the Middle East is unique in both its empirical focus and comparative scale. Analysis in individual chapters is empirically grounded and based on fine-grained data on the business activities of politically connected actors furnishing, for the first time, information on the presence, numerical strength, and activities of politically connected entrepreneurs. It also substantially enhances our understanding of the mechanisms used to privilege connected businesses, and their possible impact on undermining the growth of firms in the region. It offers a major advance on our prior knowledge of Middle Eastern political economy, and constitutes a distinct contribution to the global literature on crony capitalism and the politics of development. The book will be an essential resource for students, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Crony Capitalism and Economic Growth in Latin America

Stephen Haber
Crony Capitalism and Economic Growth in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Stephen Haber
Publisher : Hoover Institution Press
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780817999667

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Crony Capitalism and Economic Growth in Latin America by Stephen Haber Pdf

Crony capitalism systems—in which those close to political policymakers receive favors allowing them to earn returns far above market value—are a fundamental feature of the economies of Latin America. Haber and his expert contributors draw from case studies in Mexico, Brazil, and other countries around the world to examine the causes and consequences of cronyism.

Cleft Capitalism

Amr Adly
Cleft Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Amr Adly
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781503612211

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Cleft Capitalism by Amr Adly Pdf

Egypt has undergone significant economic liberalization under the auspices of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, USAID, and the European Commission. Yet after more than four decades of economic reform, the Egyptian economy still fails to meet popular expectations for inclusive growth, better standards of living, and high-quality employment. While many analysts point to cronyism and corruption, Amr Adly finds the root causes of this stagnation in the underlying social and political conditions of economic development. Cleft Capitalism offers a new explanation for why market-based development can fail to meet expectations: small businesses in Egypt are not growing into medium and larger businesses. The practical outcome of this missing middle syndrome is the continuous erosion of the economic and social privileges once enjoyed by the middle classes and unionized labor, without creating enough winners from market making. This in turn set the stage for alienation, discontent, and, finally, revolt. With this book, Adly uncovers both an institutional explanation for Egypt's failed market making, and sheds light on the key factors of arrested economic development across the Global South.

Seven Pillars

Michael Rubin,Brian Katulis
Seven Pillars Book PDF

Author : Michael Rubin,Brian Katulis
Publisher : AEI Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780844750262

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Seven Pillars by Michael Rubin,Brian Katulis Pdf

For decades, US foreign policy in the Middle East has been on autopilot: Seek Arab-Israeli peace, fight terrorism, and urge regimes to respect human rights. Every US administration puts its own spin on these initiatives, but none has successfully resolved the region’s fundamental problems. In Seven Pillars: What Really Causes Instability in the Middle East? a bipartisan group of leading experts representing several academic and policy disciplines unravel the core causes of instability in the Middle East and North Africa. Why have some countries been immune to the Arab Spring? Which governments enjoy the most legitimacy and why? With more than half the region under 30 years of age, why does education and innovation lag? How do resource economies, crony capitalism, and inequality drive conflict? Are ethnic and sectarian fault lines the key factor, or are these more products of political and economic instability? And what are the wellsprings of extremism that threaten not only the United States but, more profoundly, the people of the region? The answers to these questions should help policymakers and students of the region understand the Middle East on its own terms, rather than just through a partisan or diplomatic lens. Understanding the pillars of instability in the region can allow the United States and its allies to rethink their own priorities, adjust policy, recalibrate their programs, and finally begin to chip away at core challenges facing the Middle East. Contributors: Thanassis Cambanis Michael A. Fahy Florence Gaub Danielle Pletka Bilal Wahab A. Kadir Yildirim

Russia's Crony Capitalism

Anders Aslund
Russia s Crony Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Anders Aslund
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300244861

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Russia's Crony Capitalism by Anders Aslund Pdf

A penetrating look into the extreme plutocracy Vladimir Putin has created and its implications for Russia’s future This insightful study explores how the economic system Vladimir Putin has developed in Russia works to consolidate control over the country. By appointing his close associates as heads of state enterprises and by giving control of the FSB and the judiciary to his friends from the KGB, he has enriched his business friends from Saint Petersburg with preferential government deals. Thus, Putin has created a super wealthy and loyal plutocracy that owes its existence to authoritarianism. Much of this wealth has been hidden in offshore havens in the United States and the United Kingdom, where companies with anonymous owners and black money transfers are allowed to thrive. Though beneficial to a select few, this system has left Russia’s economy in untenable stagnation, which Putin has tried to mask through military might.

A Political Economy of the Middle East

Melani Cammett,Ishac Diwan,Alan Richards,John Waterbury
A Political Economy of the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Melani Cammett,Ishac Diwan,Alan Richards,John Waterbury
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0813349389

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A Political Economy of the Middle East by Melani Cammett,Ishac Diwan,Alan Richards,John Waterbury Pdf

A Political Economy of the Middle East is the most comprehensive analysis of developments in the political economy of the region over the past several decades, examining the interaction of economic development processes, state systems and policies, and social actors in the Middle East. The fourth edition, with new authors Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan, has been thoroughly revised, with two new introductory chapters that provide an updated framework with which to understand and study the many changes in demography, education, labor markets, urbanization, water and agriculture, and international labor migration in the recent years. The new edition also includes: a new chapter that charts the political economy of the Gulf states and, in particular, the phenomenal growth of oil economies; a new chapter on the rise of "crony capitalism;" and increased coverage of the changes in civil society and social movements in the region, including an exploration of the causes, dynamics, consequences, and aftermath of the Arab uprisings.

How Capitalism Failed the Arab World

Richard Javad Heydarian
How Capitalism Failed the Arab World Book PDF

Author : Richard Javad Heydarian
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781780329598

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How Capitalism Failed the Arab World by Richard Javad Heydarian Pdf

Economic liberalization has failed in the Arab world. Instead of ushering in economic dynamism and precipitating democratic reform, it has over the last three decades resulted in greater poverty, rising income inequality and sky-rocketing rates of youth unemployment. In How Capitalism Failed the Arab World, Richard Javad Heydarian shows how years of economic mismanagement, political autocracy and corruption have encouraged people to revolt, and how the initial optimism of the uprisings is now giving way to bitter power struggles, increasing uncertainty and continued economic stagnation. A unique and provocative analysis of some of the key social and political events of the last decade.

Crony Capitalism

David C. Kang
Crony Capitalism Book PDF

Author : David C. Kang
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 052100408X

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Crony Capitalism by David C. Kang Pdf

Even in Korea, corruption was far greater than the conventional wisdom allows - so rampant was corruption that we cannot dismiss it; rather, we need to explain it."--BOOK JACKET.

Lineages of Revolt

Adam Hanieh
Lineages of Revolt Book PDF

Author : Adam Hanieh
Publisher : Haymarket Books
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781608463527

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Lineages of Revolt by Adam Hanieh Pdf

While the outcomes of the tumultuous uprisings that continue to transfix the Arab world remain uncertain, the root causes of rebellion persist. Drawing upon extensive empirical research, Lineages of Revolt tracks the major shifts in the region’s political economy over recent decades. In this illuminating and original work, Adam Hanieh explores the contours of neoliberal policies, dynamics of class and state formation, imperialism and the nature of regional accumulation, the significance of Palestine and the Gulf Arab states, and the ramifications of the global economic crisis. By mapping the complex and contested nature of capitalism in the Middle East, the book demonstrates that a full understanding of the uprisings needs to go beyond a simple focus on “dictators and democracy.”

A Political Economy of the Middle East

Melani Cammett
A Political Economy of the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Melani Cammett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429972232

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A Political Economy of the Middle East by Melani Cammett Pdf

A Political Economy of the Middle East is the most comprehensive analysis of developments in the political economy of the region over the past several decades, examining the interaction of economic development processes, state systems and policies, and social actors in the Middle East. The fourth edition, with new authors Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan, has been thoroughly revised, with two new introductory chapters that provide an updated framework with which to understand and study the many changes in demography, education, labor markets, urbanization, water and agriculture, and international labor migration in the recent years. The new edition also includes: a new chapter that charts the political economy of the Gulf states and, in particular, the phenomenal growth of oil economies; a new chapter on the rise of "crony capitalism;" and increased coverage of the changes in civil society and social movements in the region, including an exploration of the causes, dynamics, consequences, and aftermath of the Arab uprisings.

How Capitalism Failed the Arab World

Richard Javad Heydarian
How Capitalism Failed the Arab World Book PDF

Author : Richard Javad Heydarian
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781780329604

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How Capitalism Failed the Arab World by Richard Javad Heydarian Pdf

Economic liberalization has failed in the Arab world. Instead of ushering in economic dynamism and precipitating democratic reform, it has over the last three decades resulted in greater poverty, rising income inequality and sky-rocketing rates of youth unemployment. In How Capitalism Failed the Arab World, Richard Javad Heydarian shows how years of economic mismanagement, political autocracy and corruption have encouraged people to revolt, and how the initial optimism of the uprisings is now giving way to bitter power struggles, increasing uncertainty and continued economic stagnation. A unique and provocative analysis of some of the key social and political events of the last decade.

Politics from Above, Politics from Below

Eberhard Kienle
Politics from Above Politics from Below Book PDF

Author : Eberhard Kienle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105118011217

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Politics from Above, Politics from Below by Eberhard Kienle Pdf

Analysing developments in the Middle East, this book concludes that economic liberalization has failed to entail the continuous growth and widespread welfare gains expected by its proponents. Privatization and crony capitalism do not allow individuals to participate in the formation of decent social norms.

The Political Economy of Wasta: Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking

Mohamed A. Ramady
The Political Economy of Wasta Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking Book PDF

Author : Mohamed A. Ramady
Publisher : Springer
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319222011

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The Political Economy of Wasta: Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking by Mohamed A. Ramady Pdf

The term ‘wasta stems from the Arabic root for ‘middle’ or ‘medium’ and describes the phenomenon of using ‘connections’ to find job, government services or other favors to circumvent bureaucracy or bypass the system as a whole. The effects of ‘wasta’ may be both positive or negative, and is not a phenomenon that is particular to the Arab or Muslim world, but also to many other cultures and regions of the world, with similar concepts popularly known as ubuntu, guanxi, harambee, naoberschop, or “old boy network” used in African, Chinese and European societies. By its very nature ‘wasta’ is an area of grey or even black information, and, like corruption to which it is most often associated, is hard to assess although country corruption perception indexes attempt to provide a quantifiable basis. In the final analysis such ratings are based on perceptions of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more atomized societies where relationships are essentially transactional and rule based. In a western perspective where ‘wasta’ may be considered as a form of corruption, in other societies it may be perceived as something ‘natural’ and not criminal, and using one's ‘wasta’ in tribal societies to help clan members is seen as a duty. The difference stems from the 'innocent ' use of ‘wasta’ to make introductions, as opposed to its abuse in placing unqualified persons in positions .The volume brings together academics and professional experts to examine a range of multi-faceted social, economic and political issues raised by the use and abuse of social networking, covering various topics like: ‘wasta’ interpersonal connections in family and business ties, The relationship between inequality-adjusted human development and corruption perception indexes in the Gulf region, ‘wasta’ and business networking, assessing the economic cost of ‘wasta’, ‘wasta’ and its impact on quality oriented education reform and the perceptions of young people, The use of ‘wasta’ to overcome socio-cultural barriers for women and men The volume also offers insights into social relations and ethics, and how the use of ‘wasta’ contradicts with common held religious principles, along with some country studies on Islamic principles and the use of ‘wasta’. Mohamed Ramady is a Visiting Associate Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.

The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition

Ahmed Galal,Ishac Diwan
The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition Book PDF

Author : Ahmed Galal,Ishac Diwan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137529770

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The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition by Ahmed Galal,Ishac Diwan Pdf

Diwan and Galal looks at the structure and prospects of the Middle East economies after the 2011 Uprisings, focusing on issues of economic growth, inequality, the impact of oil, and the unfolding political transitions. On the growth question, the book looks into the extent of structural transformation of the economy, the political economy reasons for the lack of structural change, and the external conditions in the EU and in the GCC that underpin the lack of structural change. On inequality, the book offers new measures of equality of opportunity in human development and in the job market, and it also reviews the complex political economy of subsidy removal. Regarding natural resources, the volume provides three innovations: connecting the notion of 'oil curse' to the global phenomena of asset bubbles; evidence that resource curse effects do not rise monotonically with the size of the resource rent, but rather, according to an inverted U shape; and an extension of the concept of rent to the other non-oil rents that are also predominant in the region. Finally, the volume places the political transition in the region in a global perspective using various methods – theoretical, comparative, and empirical, and it explores the relationship between democracy in its variety of forms and economic development.

Globalized Authoritarianism

Koenraad Bogaert
Globalized Authoritarianism Book PDF

Author : Koenraad Bogaert
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781452956701

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Globalized Authoritarianism by Koenraad Bogaert Pdf

A rich investigation into Morocco’s urban politics Over the past thirty years, Morocco’s cities have transformed dramatically. To take just one example, Casablanca’s medina is now obscured behind skyscrapers that are funded by global capital and encouraged by Morocco’s monarchy, which hopes to transform this city into a regional leader of finance and commerce. Such changes have occurred throughout Morocco. Megaprojects are redesigning the cityscapes of Rabat, Tangiers, and Casablanca, turning the nation’s urban centers into laboratories of capital accumulation, political dominance, and social control. In Globalized Authoritarianism, Koenraad Bogaert links more abstract questions of government, globalization, and neoliberalism with concrete changes in the city. Bogaert goes deep beneath the surface of Morocco’s urban prosperity to reveal how neoliberal government and the increased connectivity engendered by global capitalism transformed Morocco’s leading urban spaces, opening up new sites for capital accumulation, creating enormous class divisions, and enabling new innovations in state authoritarianism. Analyzing these transformations, he argues that economic globalization does not necessarily lead to increased democratization but to authoritarianism with a different face, to a form of authoritarian government that becomes more and more a globalized affair. Showing how Morocco’s experiences have helped produce new forms of globalization, Bogaert offers a bridge between in-depth issues of Middle Eastern studies and broader questions of power, class, and capital as they continue to evolve in the twenty-first century.