Crop Protection In Medieval Agriculture

Author : Jan C. Zadoks
Publisher : Sidestone Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9789088901874

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Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture by Jan C. Zadoks Pdf

Mediterranean and West European pre-modern agriculture (agriculture before 1600) was by necessity ‘organic agriculture’. Crop protection is part and parcel of this agriculture, with weed control in the forefront. Crop protection is embedded in the medieval agronomy text books but specialised sections do occur. Weeds, insects and diseases are described but identification in modern terms is not easy. The pre-modern ‘Crop Portfolio’ is well filled, certainly in the Mediterranean area. The medieval ‘Pest Portfolio’ differs from the modern one because agriculture then was a Low External Input Agriculture, and because the proportion of cultivated to non-cultivated land was drastically lower than today. The pre-modern ‘Control Portfolio’ is surprisingly rich, both in preventive and interventive measures. Prevention was by risk management, intensive tillage, and careful storage. Intervention was mechanical and chemical. Chemical intervention used natural substances such as sulphur, pitch, and ‘botanicals’. Some fifty plant species are mentioned in a crop protection context. Though application methods look rather modern they are typically low-tech. Among them are seed disinfection, spraying, dusting, fumigation, grease banding, wound care, and hand-picking but also scarification, now outdated. The reality of pest outbreaks and other damages is explored as to frequency, intensity, and extent. Information on the practical use of the recommended treatments is scanty. If applied, their effectiveness remains enigmatic. Three medieval agronomists are at the heart of this book, but historical developments in crop protection from early Punic, Greek, and Roman authors to the first modern author are outlined. The readership of these writers was the privileged class of landowners but hints pointing to the exchange of ideas between them and the common peasant were found. Consideration is given to the pre-modern reasoning in matters of crop protection. Comparison of pre-modern crop protection and its counterpart in modern organic agriculture is difficult because of drastic changes in the relation between crop areas and non-crop areas, and because of the great difference in yield levels then and now, with several associated differences.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004617834

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Medieval Farming and Technology by Anonim Pdf

This is the first of three planned volumes which deal with the techniques and technology of agriculture in Europe in the period from 600 A.D. down to the 17th century. The focus of this first volume is Scandinavia, the British Isles, Northern Germany, the Low Countries and Northern France. The volume discusses methodological approaches and their limitations, the development of medieval agriculture in terms of the transmission of technological ideas, improvements in productivity, regional variations, social responses to agricultural technology, and those common trends that unite the Northwest European region. The volume integrates material derived from the great advances made in medieval archaeology and the historical study of landscapes during the past 30 years and has a supranational character. It will be of interest to all those working on the social, economic and political history of Northwest Europe in the medieval and early modern periods as well as to those undertaking research in the specific field of the history of technology.

Author : Robert Morris,Gilly Vanderkamp
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : STANFORD:36105131786712

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English Medieval Agriculture, 1000-1485 by Robert Morris,Gilly Vanderkamp Pdf

Author : Bruce M.S. Campbell
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000944433

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Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England by Bruce M.S. Campbell Pdf

The later Middle Ages was an overwhelmingly rural world, with probably three out of four households reliant upon farming for a living. Yet conventional accounts of the period rarely do justice to the variety of ways in which the land was managed and worked. The thirteen essays collected in this volume draw upon the abundant documentary evidence of the period to explore that diversity. In the process they engage with the issue of classification - without which effective generalisation is impossible - and offer a series of solutions to that particularly thorny methodological challenge. Only through systematic and objective classification is it possible to differentiate between and map different field systems, husbandry types, and land-use categories. That, in turn, makes it possible to consider and evaluate the relative roles of soils and topography, institutional structures, and commercialised market demand in shaping farm enterprise both during the period of mounting population before the Black Death and the long era of demographic decline that followed it. What emerges is an agrarian world more commercialised, differentiated, and complex than is usually appreciated, whose institutional and agronomic contours shaped the course of agricultural development for centuries to come.

Author : B. M. S. Campbell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015080841029

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Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England by B. M. S. Campbell Pdf

A majority of households on later Middle Ages relied upon farming for a living. Yet conventional accounts of the period rarely do justice to the variety of ways in which the land was managed and worked. The thirteen essays collected in this volume draw upon the abundant documentary evidence of the period to explore that diversity. In the process they engage with the issue of classification - without which effective generalisation is impossible - and offer a series of solutions to that particularly thorny methodological challenge. What emerges is an agrarian world more commercialised, differentiated, and complex than is usually appreciated, whose institutional and agronomic contours shaped the course of agricultural development for centuries to come.

Author : M. M. Postan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521088461

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Essays on Medieval Agriculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy by M. M. Postan Pdf

Includes The economic foundations of medieval society, The rise of a money economy, The chronology of labour services and The charters of the villeins.

Author : Martin Bakers
Publisher : Cambridge Stanford Books
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-23
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agriculture in the Middle Ages by Martin Bakers Pdf

In the Middle Ages agriculture underwent many changes. The nobles and the clergy were considered the most important members of the feudal society. However, they were never the majority: in the Middle Ages, almost all people were peasants. Not all farmers had the same category and social status. Many of them were free men. Among these, some were small landowners who lived on their own land, while others, the settlers, leased the feudal lord a small plot of land.

Author : Del Sweeney
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781512807776

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Agriculture in the Middle Ages by Del Sweeney Pdf

Explores the cultural framework within which changes in agricultural technology and economic organization occur and the ways in which changes in the social fabric influence attitudes toward rural work and the peasantry.

Author : David Stone
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:799608083

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Decision-making in Medieval Agriculture by David Stone Pdf

Author : Georges Duby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : NWU:35556027841717

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Rural Economy and Country Life in the Medieval West by Georges Duby Pdf

"One of the most important, imaginative, solidly documented, well written books of medieval history that I have ever read. . . . It offers a unique combination of synthetic power and analytic perception, of bold judgment and Cartesian doubt, of hard economic facts and subtle psychological considerations."--

Author : Bakers Martin (author)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1901
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0463463331

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Agriculture in the Middle Ages by Bakers Martin (author) Pdf

Author : Daniel Martin Varisco
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023478592

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Medieval Folk Astronomy and Agriculture in Arabia and the Yemen by Daniel Martin Varisco Pdf

The strength of Professor Varisco's work lies in his combination of ethnographic fieldwork among highland Yemeni farmers with an extensive study of medieval Arabic manuscripts on folk astronomy and agriculture. The opening articles discuss the astronomical concept of the 'lunar stations' in pre-Islamic Arabia and as developed in Arab astronomy and almanac lore; subsequent ones expand on the significance of this for an agricultural society, and examine a unique corpus of Yemeni agricultural almanacs, dating from the Rasulid period (13th-15th centuries) to the present. A further theme is that of traditional Yemeni agriculture, with studies on irrigation practices, plough cultivation, sorghum production, and indigenous plant protection methods, as well as the use of star calendars for seasonal markers.

Author : Derek J. Chadwick,Joan Marsh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470514481

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Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture by Derek J. Chadwick,Joan Marsh Pdf

The increase in the world population and changes in welfare have led to an enormously expanding demand for food. In the industrialized world, food surpluses rather than shortages are a problem together with adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of chemicals and excessive exploitation of agricultural land. In the developing world, food production cannot keep up with population growth and the gap between demand and supply is growing. This book explores the theme of sustainable agricultural development in the developing world, with a particular focus on crop protection. Includes chapters on the ecology of food production, on sustainable agriculture and crop protection methods, on the economics of food production and more.

Author : Paul Brassley,R. J. Soffe
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 9780198725961

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Agriculture by Paul Brassley,R. J. Soffe Pdf

From the large corporation using enormous machines in the USA, to the woman with her hoe and her plot of cassava in Mozambique, to a Chinese collective farm worker in the rice fields, agriculture is essential for humanity to eat. This book looks at the many different types of agriculture and considers the challenges facing farmers today.

Author : J. Esteban Hernández Bermejo,J. León
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251032173

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Neglected Crops by J. Esteban Hernández Bermejo,J. León Pdf

About neglected crops of the American continent. Published in collaboration with the Botanical Garden of Cord�ba (Spain) as part of the Etnobot�nica92 Programme (Andalusia, 1992)