Cross Cultural Competence For A Twenty First Century Military

Author : Robert Greene Sands,Allison Greene-Sands
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780739179604

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Cross-Cultural Competence for a Twenty-First-Century Military by Robert Greene Sands,Allison Greene-Sands Pdf

Warfare in the 21st century is far different than warfare throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Conventional warfare was about kinetic force and bending an adversary by might and strength. Skills valued were those related to mastery of weapons and placing ordnance on target. Courage and valor were defined by conflict, militaries were distinct from the population, and occupation was an enduring stage of war. Contemporary warfare, besides continuing to be an exercise in military strength, is composed of missions that depend on skills to forge interpersonal relationships and build sustainable partnerships with a host of actors that once had no voice or role in conflict’s duration or conclusion. Today, final victory does not conclude directly from conflict, in fact victory may be subsumed into the larger and more consuming equation of international stability. Twenty-first century warfare is about counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism through an array of strategies that foster collusion and collaboration not acquiescence.Cross-cultural competence (3C) is a suite of competencies and enablers that have been identified as critical to instill in expeditionary military and civilian personnel in the Department of Defense (DoD). Defined as a set of knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes (KSAAs), 3C promotes effective interaction across cultural divides through exchanging ideas and meaning across cultures, facilitating effective cross-cultural interactions to develop and sustain relationships and providing a means to discern meaning from foreign and culturally different behavior. 3C permeates DoD policy, doctrine, strategy and operations and is now being institutionalized in DoD military and civilian education and training. Cross-Cultural Competence for a Twenty-First-Century Military: Culture, the Flipside of COIN is a volume edited by two acknowledged experts on 3C in military learning, policy and research and explores the value and necessity of 3C to developing 21st Century warfighters. This volume features chapters by the editors and a host of multidisciplinary experts that probes all aspects of 3C, from concept to application. The message carried throughout Cross-Cultural Competence for a 21st Century Military is that contemporary and future security endeavors will be successful because winning wars ultimately rest on developing and sustaining cross-cultural relationships as much as it does on weapons and force.

Author : Kjetil Enstad,Paula Holmes-Eber
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030367664

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Warriors or Peacekeepers? by Kjetil Enstad,Paula Holmes-Eber Pdf

As the past two decades of war in Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Darfur and the Congo have revealed, war in the twenty-first century looks nothing like the traditional state-to-state conflicts of World Wars I and II which defined the previous century. Resolving today’s conflicts - typically based on complex ethnic, religious, economic and political dynamics - requires far more than mere military strength and technology. The military officer of today must simultaneously be a warrior and diplomat, combatant and humanitarian worker, soldier and peacekeeper. But how can today’s militaries prepare their leaders for such multifaceted roles? Warriors or Peacekeepers seeks to provide answers to this question, comparing and contrasting research on the successes and failures of military cultural education and training programs in seven different countries on three continents (U.S., Canada, Argentina Norway, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). This anthology consists of three main sections. The first addresses the theoretical issues of developing the warrior-peacekeeper: what constitutes cultural competence in the officer profession and the pedagogical challenges associated with developing such competence. The second compares teaching practices from various military educational institutions and provides insight into such issues as: how language training can build cultural awareness, helping officers navigate the ethical and moral challenges of dealing with gender in radically different cultures and the best didactic models to develop reflective skills in military leaders. The third section examines the structural and organizational conditions which historically have aided or impeded educational and organizational change in the military. This book will appeal to military academic communities, educational institutions, scholars in security studies, peacekeeping and conflict studies; and to decision-makers in governments and administration.

Author : Christophe Declercq,Koen Kerremans
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000999853

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The Routledge Handbook of Translation, Interpreting and Crisis by Christophe Declercq,Koen Kerremans Pdf

This handbook offers a broad-ranging overview of the study of translating and interpreting in conflict and crisis settings and takes the field in new directions. Covering a wide selection of multimodal contexts that build on the fundamentals of translation, interpreting, and their in-between hybrid forms of mediation, the handbook is divided into four parts. The opening part covers perspectives on policy and practices, whether contemporary or historical, and cases truly span the globe, from Peru and Brazil, over Belgium and Sierra Leone, to Australia, Japan, and Hong Kong. International developments require profound considerations about the professionalisation of access to language in times of crises, not least in contexts of humanitarian negotiation or conflict zone interpreting–these form the second part. The subsequent part deals with spheres of community in which language needs are positioned within frames of agency, positionality, and trust, and the challenges that these face. The contributions build on cases where interpreters act as catalysts for translation needs in settings of humanitarian aid and beyond. The final part considers language strategies and solutions in crises. This handbook is the essential guide to translation and interpreting in conflict and crisis settings for advanced students and researchers of translation and interpreting studies and will be of wide interest in peace studies, political science, and beyond.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Military art and science
ISBN : PURD:32754084918220

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Parameters by Anonim Pdf

Author : Daniel P. McDonald,Kizzy M. Parks
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136618963

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Managing Diversity in the Military by Daniel P. McDonald,Kizzy M. Parks Pdf

This edited book examines the management of diversity and inclusion in the military. Owing to the rise of asymmetric warfare, a shift in demographics and labor shortfalls, the US Department of Defense (DoD) has prioritized diversity and inclusion in its workforce management philosophy. In pursuing this objective, it must ensure the attractiveness of a military career by providing an inclusive environment for all personnel (active and reserve military, civilian, and contractors) to reach their potential and maximize their contributions to the organization. Research and practice alike provide substantial evidence of the benefits associated with diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Diversity and inclusion programs are more strategic in focus than equal opportunity programs and strive to capitalize on the strengths of the workforce, while minimizing the weaknesses that inhibit optimal organizational performance. This new book provides vital clarification on these distinct concepts, in addition to offering concrete best practices for the successful management of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Written by scholars and practitioners, each chapter addresses major areas, raises crucial issues, and comments on future trends concerning diversity and inclusion in the workplace. The book will be of great interest to students of military studies, war and conflict studies, business management/HRM, psychology and politics in general, as well as to military professionals and leaders.

Author : Anne Julia Hagen
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783869565279

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and cross-cultural competence by Anne Julia Hagen Pdf

This paper examines the function that cross-cultural competence (3C) has for NATO in a military context while focusing on two member states and their armed forces: the United States and Germany. Three dimensions were established to analyze 3C internally and externally: dimension A, dealing with 3C within the military organization;dimension B, focusing on 3C in a coalition environment/multicultural NATO contingent, for example while on a mission/training exercise abroad;and dimension C, covering 3C and NATO missions abroad with regard to interaction with the local population. When developing the research design, the cultural studies-based theory of hegemony constructed by Antonio Gramsci was applied to a comprehensive document analysis of 3C coursework and regulations as well as official documents in order to establish a typification for cross-cultural competence. As the result, 3C could be categorized as Type I – Ethical 3C, Type II – Hegemonic 3C, and Type III – Dominant 3C. Attributes were assigned according to each type. To validate the established typification, qualitative surveys were conducted with NATO (ACT), the U.S. Armed Forces (USCENTCOM),and the German Armed Forces (BMVg). These interviews validated the typification and revealed a varied approach to 3C in the established dimensions. It became evident that dimensions A and B indicated a prevalence of Type III, which greatly impacts the work atmosphere and effectiveness for NATO (ACT). In contrast, dimension C revealed the use of postcolonial mechanisms by NATO forces, such as applying one’s value systems to other cultures and having the appearance of an occupying force when 3C is not applied (Type I-II). In general, the function of each 3C type in the various dimensions could be determined. In addition, a comparative study of the document analysis and the qualitative surveys resulted in a canon for culture-general skills. Regarding the determined lack of coherence in 3C correlating with a demonstrably negative impact on effectiveness and efficiency as well as interoperability, a NATO standard in the form of a standardization agreement (STANAG) was suggested based on the aforementioned findings, with a focus on: empathy, cross-cultural awareness, communication skills (including active listening), flexibility and adaptability, and interest. Moreover, tolerance of ambiguity and teachability, patience, observation skills, and perspective-taking could be considered significant. Suspending judgment and respect are also relevant skills here. At the same time, the document analysis also revealed a lack of coherency and consistency in 3C education and interorganizational alignment. In particular, the documents examined for the U.S. Forces indicated divergent approaches. Furthermore, the interview analysis disclosed a large discrepancy in part between doctrine and actual implementation with regard to the NATO Forces.

Author : Catherine T. Kwantes,Sharon Glazer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319476629

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Culture, Organizations, and Work by Catherine T. Kwantes,Sharon Glazer Pdf

This monograph presents various approaches to understanding the multiple levels, layers, and definitions of culture, cross-cultural research, cross-cultural competence, the role of culture in organizations, organizational culture, and the role of multiple culture layers in individual workers’ workplace attitudes, performance, and general experiences. Inaugurating the new series SpringerBriefs on Culture, Organizations, and Work, it establishes both fundamental and controversial ideas related to the myriad ways of studying these topics. It highlights the wide variety of conceptual approaches for studying culture, organization and work and brings to light some of the critical questions related to culture (at all units and levels of analysis) and their effect on both the workplace and the worker in order to present a coherent educational resource for practitioners and researchers alike.

Author : Kerry Fosher,Lauren Mackenzie,Erika Tarzi,Kristin Post,Eric Gauldin
Publisher : Kerry Fosher
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Culture General Guidebook for Military Professionals by Kerry Fosher,Lauren Mackenzie,Erika Tarzi,Kristin Post,Eric Gauldin Pdf

Military personnel operate in culturally complex environments around the world. Detailed knowledge about current cultural patterns in a particular place can be hard to come by, especially in times of change or disruption. This book provides basic overviews of general concepts and skills that can be used in any situation to build understanding and interact effectively. The concepts and skills presented were developed by an interdisciplinary social science team at Marine Corps University. The authors designed this book to be used by both curriculum developers and military personnel.

Author : Jean Lau Chin,Joseph E. Trimble,Joseph E. Garcia
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787435353

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Global and Culturally Diverse Leaders and Leadership by Jean Lau Chin,Joseph E. Trimble,Joseph E. Garcia Pdf

This book explores diverse cultural leadership styles and paradigms of leadership that are dynamic, complex, globally authentic and culturally competent for the 21st century. By redefining global leadership, the authors impart a new understanding of the criteria for selecting, training and evaluating leaders in the 21st century.

Author : Joakim Berndtsson,Irina Goldenberg,Stéfanie von Hlatky
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2023-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780228019411

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Total Defence Forces in the Twenty-First Century by Joakim Berndtsson,Irina Goldenberg,Stéfanie von Hlatky Pdf

Total defence, as a concept, combines and extends military and civil defence: in a state of war or emergency, all social institutions mobilize to defend the state. Total defence forces, led by a diverse workforce of defence and security professionals, are critical to both national defence and international security goals. Total Defence Forces in the Twenty-First Century looks at the various groups that make up this workforce: members of the military’s regular force, reservists, defence civil servants, and contractors working for private military and security companies. When civilian staff and military personnel work towards a common goal, their distinct professional cultures and identities can make integration challenging. Despite the often high levels of partnership, underlying differences affect the quality of the collaboration and, ultimately, organizational and operational effectiveness. Defence ministries around the world are increasingly recognizing the importance of optimizing the ways in which they employ and integrate civilian and military personnel. This volume focuses on a critical question: what are the main challenges to workforce integration and collaboration, and how can such challenges be overcome to deliver the full potential of the total defence force? Together, scholars and practitioners provide some answers.

Author : Paula Holmes-Eber
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780804791908

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Culture in Conflict by Paula Holmes-Eber Pdf

In response to the irregular warfare challenges facing the U.S. in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2005, General James Mattis—then commander of Marine Corps Combat Development Command—established a new Marine Corps cultural initiative. The goal was simple: teach Marines to interact successfully with the local population in areas of conflict. The implications, however, were anything but simple: transform an elite military culture founded on the principles of "locate, close with, and destroy the enemy" into a "culturally savvy" Marine Corps. Culture in Conflict: Irregular Warfare, Culture Policy, and the Marine Corps examines the conflicted trajectory of the Marine Corps' efforts to institute a radical culture policy into a military organization that is structured and trained to fight conventional wars. More importantly, however, it is a compelling book about America's shifting military identity in a new world of unconventional warfare.

Author : Michael Kelly,Hilary Footitt,Myriam Salama-Carr
Publisher : Springer
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-18
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030048259

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The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict by Michael Kelly,Hilary Footitt,Myriam Salama-Carr Pdf

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

Author : Sara Laviosa,Meng Ji
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780190067236

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The Oxford Handbook of Translation and Social Practices by Sara Laviosa,Meng Ji Pdf

The discipline of translation studies has gained increasing importance at the beginning of the 21st century as a result of rapid globalization and the development of computer-based translation methods. Today, changing political, economic, health, and environmental realities across the world are generating previously unknown inter-language communication challenges that can only be understood through a socially-oriented and data-driven approach. The Oxford Handbook of Translation and Social Practices draws on a wide array of case studies from all over the world to demonstrate the value of different forms of translation - written, oral, audiovisual - as social practices that are essential to achieve sustainability, accessibility, inclusion, multiculturalism, and multilingualism. Edited by Meng Ji and Sara Laviosa, this timely collection illustrates the manifold interactions between translation studies and the social and natural sciences, enabling for the first time the exchange of research resources and methods between translation and other domains' experts. Twenty-nine chapters by international scholars and professional translators apply translation studies methods to a wide range of fields, including healthcare, environmental policy, geological and cultural heritage conservation, education, tourism, comparative politics, conflict mediation, international law, commercial law, immigration, and indigenous rights. The articles engage with numerous languages, from European and Latin American contexts to Asian and Australian languages, giving unprecedented weight to the translation of indigenous languages. The Handbook highlights how translation studies generate innovative solutions to long-standing and emerging social issues, thus reformulating the scope of this discipline as a socially-oriented, empirical, and ethical research field in the 21st century.

Author : Marija Todorova,Lucía Ruiz Rosendo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030669096

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Interpreting Conflict by Marija Todorova,Lucía Ruiz Rosendo Pdf

This edited book examines the role of interpreting in conflict situations, bringing together studies from different international and intercultural contexts, with contributions from military personnel, humanitarian interpreters and activists as well as academics. The authors use case studies to compare relevant notions of interpreting in conflict-related scenarios such as: the positionality of the interpreter, the ethical, emotional and security implications of their work, the specific training needed to carry out work for military and humanitarian organizations, and the relations of power created between the different stakeholders. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of translation and interpreting, conflict and peace studies, as well as conflict resolution and management.

Author : Mary V. Alfred,Petra A. Robinson,Elizabeth A. Roumell
Publisher : IAP
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781648026973

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Advancing the Global Agenda for Human Rights, Vulnerable Populations, and Environmental Sustainability by Mary V. Alfred,Petra A. Robinson,Elizabeth A. Roumell Pdf

For over 70 years, the United Nations has worked to advance human conditions globally through its historic agenda for a more peaceful, prosperous, and just world. Through the work of the General Assembly and other programs like the UNESCO World Conferences on Adult Education, the organization has taken a leading role in bringing world leaders together to dialogue on world issues and to set agendas for advancing social and economic justice among and within the regions of the world. The underlying themes of the United Nations’ agenda over the years have been world peace, economic justice, addressing the needs of the world’s most vulnerable populations, and protecting the environment. We draw from the two last two declarations from which the Millennium Development Goals (September 2000) and the Sustainable Development Goals (September 2015) were adopted by world leaders with a focus on addressing the needs of the most vulnerable populations. In this declaration, world leaders committed to uphold the long-standing principles of the organization and to combat extreme poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination and violence against women. The overall objective of the book is to highlight the conditions of vulnerable populations from various contexts globally, and the role adult and higher education can play (and is playing) in advancing the United Nations agenda of social and economic justice and environmental sustainability. Adult education, through research, teaching, and service engagements is contributing to this ongoing effort but as many scholars have noted, our work remains invisible and undocumented. Therefore, this book highlights adult education’s critical partnership in addressing these global issues. It will also begin to fill the void that exists in adult education literature on internationalization of the field.