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Author : Ronald G.Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 952 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461558699
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference held in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire, June 25-27, 1996
Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 876 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780306470905
Cryocoolers 10 is the premier archival publication of the latest advances and performance of small cryogenic refrigerators designed to provide localized cooling for military, space, semi-conductor, medical, computing, and high-temperature superconductor cryogenic applications in the 2-200 K temperature range. Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, Cryocoolers 10 reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.
Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 799 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306479199
The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.
Author : Ronald G. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 710 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2007-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387275338
The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.
Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 825 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306471124
Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, this valuable collection reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.
Author : David G. Gilmore
Publisher : AIAA
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1884989144
The number of satellite systems that require some form of cryogenic cooling has grown enormously over the last several years. With so many engineers, scientists, and technicians working on cryogenic systems for the first time in their careers, the need for a single resource that touched on all the technologies relevant to cryogenics was apparent.
Author : H. Weinstock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 695 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401707527
This book, in essence the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute with the same title, is designed to provide in-depth coverage of many, but not all, of the major current applications of superconductivity, and of many that still are being developed. It will be of value to scientists and engineers who have interests in the research and production aspects of the technology, as well as in the applications themselves. The ftrst three chapters (by Clarke, Vrba and Wikswo) are devoted to an understanding of the principles, fabrication and uses of SQUID magnetometers and gradiometers, with the greatest emphasis on biomagnetism and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). For the most part, traditional low-temperature superconductor (LTS) SQUIDs are used, but particularly for NDE, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) SQUIDs are proving useful and often more convenient. The succeeding three chapters (by Przybysz, Likharev and Chaloupka) cover broader aspects of superconducting electronics. The ftrst two of these deal primarily with digital L TS circuits, while the third discusses in great detail passive component applications using HTS materials. Currently, HTS ftlters are undergoing intense J3-site testing at cellular telephone base stations. While it is clear that HTS ftlters outperform conventional ftlters in reducing signal loss and allowing for more channels in a given bandwidth, it isn't yet certain that the cellular telephone industry sees sufficient economic beneftts to make a ftrm decision to use HTS ftlters universally in its systems. If this application is generally adapted, the market for these ftlters should be quite large.
Author : Neeraj Khare
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-05-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780824755300
Devoted to the preparation, characterization and evaluation of HTS electronic devices, this reference provides information on using high-Tc thin films and junctions to increase speed, lessen noise, lower power consumption and enhance upper frequency limits in superconductor electronics.
Author : Guy Gistau Baguer,Peter Seyfert
Publisher : Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 8173195080
This volume documents the Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Grenoble, France, 2002 Comprising 7 plenary papers and 185 contributed papers and posters dealing with the latest developments in all aspects of Cryogenics. The areas covered include: Large Scale Refrigeration and liquefaction Cryogenic Hydrodynamics Large Cryogenic Systems HTS and LTS Superconductor Applications Cryogen Storage and Distribution Cryogenic Components and Machinery Air and Gas Separation and Purification Cryogenic Instrumentation and Process Control Cryocoolers Cryogenic for Medicine and Biology Superfluid Helium Material and Fluid Properties Aerospace Cryogenics Heat Transfer and Thermal Insulation
Author : Sadik Kakaç,M.R. Avelino,H.F. Smirnov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401000994
Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions.
Author : Ben-Zion Maytal,John M. Pfotenhauer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441982858
This book is the first in English being entirely dedicated to Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. The category of Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers takes us back to the roots of cryogenics, in 1895, with figures like Linde and Hampson. The "cold finger" of these cryocoolers is compact, lacks moving parts, and sustains a large heat flux extraction at a steady temperature. Potentially, they cool down unbeatably fast. For example, cooling to below 100 K (minus 173 Celsius) might be accomplished within only a few seconds by liquefying argon. A level of about 120 K can be reached almost instantly with krypton. Indeed, the species of coolant plays a central role dictating the size, the intensity and the level of cryocooling. It is the JT effect that drives these cryocoolers and reflects the deviation of the "real" gas from the ideal gas properties. The nine chapters of the book are arranged in five parts. •The Common Principle of Cyrocoolers shared across the broad variety of cryocooler types •Theoretical Aspects: the JT effect and its inversion, cooling potential of coolants, the liquefaction process, sizing of heat exchangers, level of pressurization, discharge of pressure vessels • Practical Aspects: modes of operation (fast cooldown, continuous, multi-staging, hybrid cryocoolers), pressure sources, configuration, construction and technologies, flow adjustment, MEMS, open and closed cycle, cooldown process and similarity, transient behavior • Mixed Coolant cryocooling: theory, practice and applications • Special Topics: real gas choked flow rates, gas purity, clog formation, optimal fixed orifice, modeling, cryosurgical devices, warming by the inverse JT effect The theoretical aspects may be of interest not only to those working with cryocoolers but also for others with a general interest in "real" gas thermodynamics, such as, for example, the inversion of the JT effect in its differential and integral forms, and the exceptional behavior of the quantum gases. A detailed list of references for each chapter comprises a broad literature survey. It consists of more than 1,200 relevant publications and 450 related patents. The systematically organized content, arranged under a thorough hierarchy of headings, supported by 227 figures and 41 tables, and accompanied by various chronological notes of evolution, enables readers a friendly interaction with the book. Dr. Ben-Zion Maytal is a Senior Researcher at Rafael-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., and an Adjunct Senior Teaching Fellow at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Prof. John M. Pfotenhauer holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.
Author : Yoseph Bar-Cohen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781498700399
This book addresses the growing interest in low temperature technologies. Since the subject of low temperature materials and mechanisms is multidisciplinary, the chapters reflect the broadest possible perspective of the field. Leading experts in the specific subject area address the various related science and engineering chemistry, material science, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and physics.
Author : H. Weinstock,Martin Nisenoff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401004503
Detailed coverage of all aspects of microwave superconductivity: fundamentals, fabrication, measurement, components, circuits, cryogenic packaging and market potential. Both a graduate-level textbook and a reference for microwave engineers. Applications (with either active or passive circuit elements) include those at both liquid-helium and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Topics covered include wireless communications, space-based cryoelectronics, SQUIDs and SQUID amplifiers, NMR and MRI coils, accelerator cavities, and Josephson flux-flow devices.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Power resources
ISBN : MINN:30000006283463
Author : Mark J. W. Rodwell
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789810246389
This book reviews the state of the art of very high speed digital integrated circuits. Commercial applications are in fiber optic transmission systems operating at 10, 40, and 100 Gb/s, while the military application is ADCs and DACs for microwave radar. The book contains detailed descriptions of the design, fabrication, and performance of wideband Si/SiGe-, GaAs-, and InP-based bipolar transistors. The analysis, design, and performance of high speed CMOS, silicon bipolar, and III-V digital ICs are presented in detail, with emphasis on application in optical fiber transmission and mixed signal ICs. The underlying physics and circuit design of rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) superconducting logic circuits are reviewed, and there is extensive coverage of recent integrated circuit results in this technology.
