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Daemons and Spirits in Ancient Egypt by Carolyn Graves-Brown Pdf
This book is about the weird and wonderful lesser-known ‘spirit’ entities of ancient Egypt –daemons, the mysterious and often fantastical creatures of the Egyptian ‘Otherworld’ – and the closely related spirits of the dead, which together conjure the excitement of all things otherworldly. Daemons and spirits are generally defined in Egyptology as creatures not of this world, which do not have their own cult centre, and both groups are frequently listed together in protective spells. This volume explores the general nature of daemons and spirits in ancient Egypt and discusses a selection in more detail: it uses artefacts from Wales’s important collection of Egyptian objects at the Egypt Centre at Swansea University, in which are to be found a dwarf daemon with sticking out tongue; several guardian daemons of the Otherworld; creatures who are part snake and part feline; spirits of deceased humans; and a Greek satyr Silenus, companion to the wine god Dionysus.
Elemental and Ancestral Spirits, Or the Gods and the Glorified by Gerald Massey Pdf
The two primary elements were those of darkness and light: Sut was the power of darkness, Horus the power of light. In one representation the two elements were imaged by means of the black bird of Sut and the white bird, or golden hawk, of Horus. Thus we can identify two elemental powers, as old as night and day, which are primeval in universal mythology; and these two powers, or animistic souls, were divinized as the two gods Sut and Horus with the two birds of darkness and light, the black vulture and the gold hawk depicted back to back as their two representative types or personal totems. from Elemental and Ancestral Spirits, or The Gods and the Glorified It goes unappreciated by modern Egyptologists, but it is embraced by those who savor the concept of a hidden history of humanity, and those who approach all human knowledge from the perspective of the esoteric. Gerard Massey 's massive Ancient Egypt: The Light of the World first published in 1907 and the crowning achievement of the self-taught scholar redefines the roots of Christianity via Egypt, proposing that Egyptian mythology was the basis for Jewish and Christian beliefs. Here, Cosimo proudly presents Book 3 of Ancient Egypt, in which Massey explains how the original elemental spirits of early humans were transformed into deities, and how the concept of a soul developed from animalistic representations of natural forces. Peculiar and profound, this work will intrigue and delight readers of history, religion, and mythology. British author GERALD MASSEY (1828 1907) published works of poetry, spiritualism, Shakespearean criticism, and theology, but his best-known works are in the realm of Egyptology, including A Book of the Beginnings and The Natural Genesis.
Ancient Egypt Light Of The World 2 Vol set by Gerald Massey Pdf
First published in 2005. This expansive and fascinating treatment of ancient Egyptian mythology and its influence on the traditions that followed from it includes explorations of sign-language in mythological representation, totemism, fetishism, spirits and Gods, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, and Egyptian wisdom in the Hebrew Genesis. Readers will enjoy the wealth of information offered by Massey, as well as his clear and readable style.
The Routledge Companion to Ecstatic Experience in the Ancient World by Diana Stein,Sarah Kielt Costello,Karen Polinger Foster Pdf
For millennia, people have universally engaged in ecstatic experience as an essential element in ritual practice, spiritual belief and cultural identification. This volume offers the first systematic investigation of its myriad roles and manifestations in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East. The twenty-nine contributors represent a broad range of scholarly disciplines, seeking answers to fundamental questions regarding the patterns and commonalities of this vital aspect of the past. How was the experience construed and by what means was it achieved? Who was involved? Where and when were rites carried out? How was it reflected in pictorial arts and written records? What was its relation to other components of the sociocultural compact? In proposing responses, the authors draw upon a wealth of original research in many fields, generating new perspectives and thought-provoking, often surprising, conclusions. With their abundant cross-cultural and cross-temporal references, the chapters mutually enrich each other and collectively deepen our understanding of ecstatic phenomena thousands of years ago. Another noteworthy feature of the book is its illustrative content, including commissioned reconstructions of ecstatic scenarios and pairings of works of Bronze Age and modern psychedelic art. Scholars, students and other readers interested in antiquity, comparative religion and the social and cognitive sciences will find much to explore in the fascinating realm of ecstatic experience in the ancient world.
In ancient Egyptian religion, the Spirits of the West are divine entities who convey the Sun across the night sky. They are often found in the form of jackals and are connected with the better-known jackal gods, such as Anubis in his capacity as guide of souls. The texts and iconography relating to the Spirits of the West are varied and often unusual. This publication provides an analysis of the symbolism of these deities and their role in the cycles of birth and rebirth based on the course of the Sun. The author discusses the hymns and other documents which refer to these spirits, and has added a comprehensive annotated list of the textual and iconographic sources for the Spirits of the West. A version of this short study appeared in 1990 as Oxfordshire Communications in Egyptology I and has long been out of print. This edition has been extensively revised and new illustrations have been added.
The fragmentary evidence allows us only tantalising glimpses of the sophisticated and complex society of the ancient Egyptians, but the Greek historian Herodotus believed that the Egyptians had 'reversed the ordinary practices of mankind' in treating their women better than any of the other civilizations of the ancient world . Carolyn Graves-Brown draws on funerary remains, tomb paintings, architecture and textual evidence to explore all aspects of women in Egypt from goddesses and queens to women as the 'vessels of creation'. Perhaps surprisingly the most common career for women, after housewife and mother, was the priesthood, where women served deities, notably Hathor, with music and dance. Many would come to the temples of Hathor to have their dreams interpreted, or to seek divine inspiration. This is a wide ranging and revealing account told with authority and verve.
The Family of Pa-di-Amun-neb-nesut-tawy from Thebes (TT 414) Revisited by Julia Budka,Tamás Mekis Pdf
This book identifies a key figure in the family that reused the Saite tomb of Ankh-Hor (TT 414) in the Asasif: Kalutj/Nes-Khonsu. Examining the funerary assemblage revealed not only details of Late Dynastic and Ptolemaic burial customs in Thebes but also additional information on the priesthood of Khonsu and of the sacred baboons in this era.
In this study, Michael Hundley explores the diverse deities of ancient Near Eastern and biblical literature, from deified doors and diseases to the masters of the universe. Using data from Mesopotamia, Hittite Anatolia, Egypt, the Levant, and non-priestly Genesis and Exodus, Hundley explains their context-specific approach to deity, which produces complex and seemingly contradictory portraits. He suggests that ancient deities gained prominence primarily by co-opting the attributes of other deities, rather than by denying their existence or inventing new powers. He demonstrates that the primary difference between biblical and ancient Near Eastern presentations lies in their rhetorical goals, not their conceptions of gods. While others promote divine supremacy, Genesis and Exodus promote exclusive worship. Hundley argues that this monolatry redefined the biblical divine sphere and paved the way for the later development of monotheism and monotheistic explanations of evil.
At the beginning of time, there was only Nun, the primeval waters of chaos, then in a great flood, the Sun got interned, rose from the water, and willed himself into creation. Atum then created Ayr, a son he named shu and moisture, a daughter he named Tefnut. They were the first divine pair and soon had children of their own. The earth named gab and the sky called nut the second divine pair then had four children: Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Neftis. They were completing the group of nine primeval gods known as the Ennead. Osiris then married his sister Isis, and the two ruled over Egypt together in an unprecedented time of peace and prosperity; however they're jealous, brother Seth desired the throne for himself and murdered Osiris, dismembering his body scattering the parts across the land. Isis then searched for the pieces of her husband's body and, with the help of her sister Nephthys was eventually able to collect them with the help of the scholar god Thoth and the funeral god Anubis. Isis was able to reconstruct Osiris, creating the first mummy. Osiris impregnated Isis after his resurrection; however, he was too weak to remain in the world, instead of traveling to the Duat, the Land of the Dead, where he became Lord. Seth then took the throne for himself, forcing Isis to flee and give birth to her son Horus in hiding. She raised Horus until he was an adult and able to challenge his uncle Seth for the throne. After a violent contest, the case was settled in a divine legal trial hosted by the Ennead. Acting as judge was Geb, the God of the earth who ruled in favor of Horus, who then took his rightful place as king of Egypt. Future Pharaohs claimed descent from Horus, with it being this divine ancestry that gave them the right to rule. Amun, the hidden one, was the foremost God of Egypt thought to be the invisible force behind all things, even creation itself, unlike other gods linked to only one aspect of the world: the sky, the earth, or the Sun. Amun was a universal God who had links to all parts of the cosmos; his prominence also increased as he absorbed other gods throughout Egyptian history, taking on their roles and powers. The most important of these was his merger with the Sun God Ra combining to become Amon Ra. In this role, he became linked with the Sun, an essential part of the Egyptian world. In this combined state, Amon Ra rose to prominence, becoming Egypt's chief deity and the king of the Gods. Amon became so widely worshipped that he came close to becoming the sole deity of Egypt. The other gods merely being aspects of his great power. Osiris, judge of the Dead and King of the underworld, was one of the most respected ancient Egyptian gods. His death and resurrection story inspired the Egyptians to follow in his footsteps and seek immortality for themselves. The elaborate tombs and burial rituals found in ancient Egypt were all built-in search of this goal, with the funerary practices being done to aid the spirit in its journey through the underworld. Pharaohs and wealthy Nobles could afford more elaborate burials with trinkets and spells to help them in their journey, but the average Egyptian could survive the underworld as well.
DIVAll that is known about magic in ancient Egypt: powerful amulets to ward off evil spirits, scarabs of immortality, wax images, formulas and spells, the secret name, much more. /div
From Fetish To God Ancient Egypt by E.A. Wallis Budge Pdf
First published in 2005. Written by eminent Egyptologist, E.A. Wallis Budge, this work addresses Egyptian religion and mythology in all of its manifestations, from times when earth, sea air and shy were filled with hostile spirits and men lived in terror of the Evil Eye, to the moment when Egyptians hailed Amen-Ra as their one god. Topics include the predynastic cults, magic, gods (cosmic, stellar, borrowed and foreign), Memphite theology, judgement of the dead, and the underworld. Important hymns and legends, in English translation are included.
