Dawn Of The Neuron

Author : Michel Anctil
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780773597327

Get Book

Dawn of the Neuron by Michel Anctil Pdf

In science, sometimes it is best to keep things simple. Initially discrediting the discovery of neurons in jellyfish, mid-nineteenth-century scientists grouped jellyfish, comb-jellies, hydra, and sea anemones together under one term - "coelenterates" - and deemed these animals too similar to plants to warrant a nervous system. In Dawn of the Neuron, Michel Anctil shows how Darwin's theory of evolution completely eradicated this idea and cleared the way for the modern study of the neuron. Once zoologists accepted the notion that varying levels of animal complexity could evolve, they began to use simple-structured creatures such as coelenterates and sponges to understand the building blocks of more complicated nervous systems. Dawn of the Neuron provides fascinating insights into the labours and lives of scientists who studied coelenterate nervous systems over several generations, and who approached the puzzling origin of the first nerve cells through the process outlined in evolutionary theory. Anctil also reveals how these scientists, who were willing to embrace improved and paradigm-changing scientific methods, still revealed their cultural backgrounds, their societal biases, and their attachments to schools of thought and academic traditions while presenting their ground-breaking work. Their attitudes toward the neuron doctrine - where neurons are individual, self-contained cells - proved decisive in the exploration of how neurons first emerged. Featuring photographs and historical sketches to illustrate this quest for knowledge, Dawn of the Neuron is a remarkably in-depth exploration of the link between Darwin's theory of evolution and pioneering studies and understandings of the first evolved nervous systems

Author : Benjamin Ehrlich
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-15
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780374718770

Get Book

The Brain in Search of Itself by Benjamin Ehrlich Pdf

"Passionate and meticulous . . . [Ehrlich] delivers thought-provoking metaphors, unforgettable scenes and many beautifully worded phrases." —Benjamin Labatut, The New York Times Book Review One of The Telegraph's best books of the year The first major biography of the Nobel Prize–winning scientist who discovered neurons and transformed our understanding of the human mind—illustrated with his extraordinary anatomical drawings Unless you’re a neuroscientist, Santiago Ramón y Cajal is likely the most important figure in the history of biology you’ve never heard of. Along with Charles Darwin and Louis Pasteur, he ranks among the most brilliant and original biologists of the nineteenth century, and his discoveries have done for our understanding of the human brain what the work of Galileo and Sir Isaac Newton did for our conception of the physical universe. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1906 for his lifelong investigation of the structure of neurons: “The mysterious butterflies of the soul,” Cajal called them, “whose beating of wings may one day reveal to us the secrets of the mind.” And he produced a dazzling oeuvre of anatomical drawings, whose alien beauty grace the pages of medical textbooks and the walls of museums to this day. Benjamin Ehrlich’s The Brain in Search of Itself is the first major biography in English of this singular figure, whose scientific odyssey mirrored the rocky journey of his beloved homeland of Spain into the twentieth century. Born into relative poverty in a mountaintop hamlet, Cajal was an enterprising and unruly child whose ambitions were both nurtured and thwarted by his father, a country doctor with a flinty disposition. A portrait of a nation as well a biography, The Brain in Search of Itself follows Cajal from the hinterlands to Barcelona and Madrid, where he became an illustrious figure—resisting and ultimately transforming the rigid hierarchies and underdeveloped science that surrounded him. To momentous effect, Cajal devised a theory that was as controversial in his own time as it is universal in ours: that the nervous system is comprised of individual cells with distinctive roles, just like any other organ in the body. In one of the greatest scientific rivalries in history, he argued his case against Camillo Golgi and prevailed. In our age of neuro-imaging and investigations into the neural basis of the mind, Cajal is the artistic and scientific forefather we must get to know. The Brain in Search of Itself is at once the story of how the brain as we know it came into being and a finely wrought portrait of an individual as fantastical and complex as the subject to which he devoted his life.

Author : Michael Rogers
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-10
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781365452260

Get Book

Bakana Flare by Michael Rogers Pdf

In the fourth emotional installment, our heroes encounter the delightful cameo appearances of The Rostical Users! After discovering the creature's new transformation, the guild is thrown into a fight of their lives! Fortunately, with the power of light, our heroes survive at a significant cost.. With the world continuing its decay, Arcadia forces Ginger Susanoo, the master of four elements and her trusty shurikens to join the guild in their adventures. Clues start to fall into place as we find out what is happening with this yellow eyed disease, the corrupted Neurons and the planet's Aurorions. But with everything set in motion, it may be too late for the guild to act on it. Rachael, Nathan, Karol, Luna, Ginger, Champion, Lezard and Blake, slowly start to find out that their little adventure is much greater than they originally expected. Find out how their actions determine the planet's survival!

Author : Michael Rogers
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-17
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781365403606

Get Book

Corrupted Radiatons by Michael Rogers Pdf

In the third epic installment, our heroes find the origin to the ""Yellow Eyed Disease"". Together, with the help of the Astraseeker, Arcadia, track down an unknown creature harnessing the power of Radiatons. Confronted by Niklauseh and Ginger Susanoo, the creature unexpectedly steals some of the planet's Aurorions! With the world slowly decaying and an unknown creature walking the lands, what will The Rostical Guild do? Twortz, under the direct orders of the Consultant, tracks and finds The Last Unknown Territory, discovers the mystery behind them and its secrets! Everything seemed to be going smoothly, until the moment Twortz was suddenly confronted by the very person she hates!! How will her tale end? And who could it be? From people made of paper, to twins creating a new element of mist-like fire, the revelation of the final villain and familiar faces from The Rostical User series, this will be a delicious tale to read! Many questions answered and many more to be explained, read to find out!

Author : Irina Cristea
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783039287086

Get Book

Symmetry in Classical and Fuzzy Algebraic Hypercompositional Structures by Irina Cristea Pdf

This book is a collection of 12 innovative research papers in the field of hypercompositional algebra, 7 of them being more theoretically oriented, with the other 5 presenting strong applicative aspects in engineering, control theory, artificial intelligence, and graph theory. Hypercompositional algebra is now a well-established branch of abstract algebra dealing with structures endowed with multi-valued operations, also called hyperoperations, having a set as the result of the interrelation between two elements of the support set. The theoretical papers in this book are principally related to three main topics: (semi)hypergroups, hyperfields, and BCK-algebra. Heidari and Cristea present a natural generalization of breakable semigroups, defining the breakable semihypergroups where every non-empty subset is a subsemihypergroup. Using the fundamental relation β on a hypergroup, some new properties of the β-classes are obtained by De Salvo et al., who introduced and investigated the notion of height of a β-class. Based on the properties of a cyclic hypergroup of particular matrices, Krehlik and Vyroubalova describe the symmetry of lower and upper approximations in certain rough sets connected with this hypergroup. These results suggest an application to the study of detection sensors. In the framework of hyperrings and hyperfields theory, a new line of research has been developed regarding hyperhomographies on Krasner hyperfields, with interesting applications in cryptography (Vahedi et al.) and new fuzzy weak hyperideals were defined in Hv-rings by using the concept of fuzzy multiset (Al Tahan et al.), for which some algebraic properties were obtained. Two articles are dedicated to the study of BCK-algebras. Bordbar et al. present the properties of the relative annihilator in lower BCK-semilattices, whereas several types of intuitionistic fuzzy soft ideals in hyper BCK-algebras were defined and studied by Xin et al. Increasing numbers of researchers are interested in the applicative aspects of algebraic hypercompositional structures. For example, new properties related with symmetric relations are emphasized by Chvalina and Smetana for the structures and hyperstructures of artificial neurons. Novak et al. present a mathematical model based on elements of algebraic hyperstructure theory, used in the context of underwater wireless sensor networks. A construction of granular structures using m-polar fuzzy hypergraphs and level hypergraphs is illustrated in Luqman et al. using examples from a real-life problem. In the last paper in this book, Akram et al. discuss some properties related to edge regularity for q-rung picture fuzzy graphs.

Author : Jeff Hawkins
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781541675803

Get Book

A Thousand Brains by Jeff Hawkins Pdf

A bestselling author, neuroscientist, and computer engineer unveils a theory of intelligence that will revolutionize our understanding of the brain and the future of AI. For all of neuroscience's advances, we've made little progress on its biggest question: How do simple cells in the brain create intelligence? Jeff Hawkins and his team discovered that the brain uses maplike structures to build a model of the world—not just one model, but hundreds of thousands of models of everything we know. This discovery allows Hawkins to answer important questions about how we perceive the world, why we have a sense of self, and the origin of high-level thought. A Thousand Brains heralds a revolution in the understanding of intelligence. It is a big-think book, in every sense of the word. One of the Financial Times' Best Books of 2021 One of Bill Gates' Five Favorite Books of 2021

Author : Qi Wu,Ruimao Zheng
Publisher : Springer
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811312861

Get Book

Neural Regulation of Metabolism by Qi Wu,Ruimao Zheng Pdf

This book systemically describes the mechanisms underlying the neural regulation of metabolism. Metabolic diseases, including obesity and its associated conditions, currently affect more than 500 million people worldwide. Recent research has shown that the neural regulation of metabolism is a central mechanism that controls metabolic status physiologically and pathophysiologically. The book first introduces the latest studies on the neural and cellular mechanisms of hypothalamic neurons, hypothalamic glial cells, neural circuitries, cellular signaling pathways, and synaptic plasticity in the control of appetite, body weight, feeding-related behaviors and metabolic disorders. It then summarizes the humoral mechanisms by which critical adipocyte-derived hormones and lipoprotein lipase regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, and examines the role of the hypothalamus-sympathetic nerve, a critical nerve pathway from CNS to peripheral nervous system (PNS), in the regulation of metabolism in multiple tissues/organs. Furthermore, the book discusses the functions of adipose tissue in energy metabolism. Lastly, it explores dietary interventions to treat neural diseases and some of the emerging technologies used to study the neural regulation of metabolism. Presenting cutting-edge developments in the neural regulation of metabolism, the book is a valuable reference resource for graduate students and researchers in the field of neuroscience and metabolism.

Author : Edgar Buhl,James Newcomb,Krista Todd
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832538081

Get Book

Invertebrate Neurophysiology - of Currents, Cells, and Circuits by Edgar Buhl,James Newcomb,Krista Todd Pdf

Author : Sally Leys,Andreas Hejnol
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-23
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781315388205

Get Book

Origin and Evolution of Metazoan Cell Types by Sally Leys,Andreas Hejnol Pdf

The evolution of animal diversity is strongly affected by the origin of novel cell and tissue types and their interactions with each other. Understanding the evolution of cell types will shed light on the evolution of novel structures, and in turn highlight how animals diversified. Several cell types may also have been lost as animals simplified – for example did sponges have nerves and lose them? This book reveals the interplay between gains and losses and provides readers with a better grasp of the evolutionary history of cell types. In addition, the book illustrates how new cell types allow a better understanding permitting the discrimination between convergence and homology.

Author : Carl Senior,Tamara Russell,Michael S. Gazzaniga
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262513432

Get Book

Methods in Mind by Carl Senior,Tamara Russell,Michael S. Gazzaniga Pdf

Experts discuss the wide variety of investigative tools available to cognitive neuroscience, including transcranial magnetic stimulation, neuroscience computation, fMRI, imaging genetics, and neuropharmacology, with particular emphasis on convergence of techniques and innovative uses. The evolution of cognitive neuroscience has been spurred by the development of increasingly sophisticated investigative techniques to study human cognition. In Methods in Mind, experts examine the wide variety of tools available to cognitive neuroscientists, paying particular attention to the ways in which different methods can be integrated to strengthen empirical findings and how innovative uses for established techniques can be developed. The book will be a uniquely valuable resource for the researcher seeking to expand his or her repertoire of investigative techniques. Each chapter explores a different approach. These include transcranial magnetic stimulation, cognitive neuropsychiatry, lesion studies in nonhuman primates, computational modeling, psychophysiology, single neurons and primate behavior, grid computing, eye movements, fMRI, electroencephalography, imaging genetics, magnetoencephalography, neuropharmacology, and neuroendocrinology. As mandated, authors focus on convergence and innovation in their fields; chapters highlight such cross-method innovations as the use of the fMRI signal to constrain magnetoencephalography, the use of electroencephalography (EEG) to guide rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation at a specific frequency, and the successful integration of neuroimaging and genetic analysis. Computational approaches depend on increased computing power, and one chapter describes the use of distributed or grid computing to analyze massive datasets in cyberspace. Each chapter author is a leading authority in the technique discussed. Contributors: Peyman Adjamian, Peter A. Bandettini, Mark Baxter, Anthony S. David, James Dobson, Ian Foster, Michael Gazzaniga, Dietmar G. Heinke, Stephen Hall, John M. Henderson, Glyn W. Humphreys, Andreas Meyer-Lindenburg, Venkata Mattay, Elisabeth A. Murray, Gina Rippon, Tamara Russell, Carl Senior, Philip Shaw, Krish D. Singh, Marc A. Sommer, Lauren Stewart, John D. Van Horn, Jens Voeckler, Vincent Walsh, Daniel R. Weinberger, Michael Wilde, Jeffrey Woodward, Robert H. Wurtz, Eun Young Yoon, Yong Zhao Carl Senior, Tamara Russell and Michael S. Gazzaniga

Author : Simona Ginsburg,Eva Jablonka
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262351102

Get Book

The Evolution of the Sensitive Soul by Simona Ginsburg,Eva Jablonka Pdf

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition from organisms that lacked consciousness to those with consciousness—to minimal subjective experiencing, or, as Aristotle described it, “the sensitive soul”? In this book, Simona Ginsburg and Eva Jablonka propose a new theory about the origin of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in the transition to basic consciousness. Using a methodology similar to that used by scientists when they identified the transition from non-life to life, Ginsburg and Jablonka suggest a set of criteria, identify a marker for the transition to minimal consciousness, and explore the far-reaching biological, psychological, and philosophical implications. After presenting the historical, neurobiological, and philosophical foundations of their analysis, Ginsburg and Jablonka propose that the evolutionary marker of basic or minimal consciousness is a complex form of associative learning, which they term unlimited associative learning (UAL). UAL enables an organism to ascribe motivational value to a novel, compound, non-reflex-inducing stimulus or action, and use it as the basis for future learning. Associative learning, Ginsburg and Jablonka argue, drove the Cambrian explosion and its massive diversification of organisms. Finally, Ginsburg and Jablonka propose symbolic language as a similar type of marker for the evolutionary transition to human rationality—to Aristotle's “rational soul.”

Author : Benedetta Artegiani,Delilah Hendriks,Kai Kretzschmar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832501191

Get Book

Mechanisms of Cellular Differentiation, Organ Development, and Novel Model Systems by Benedetta Artegiani,Delilah Hendriks,Kai Kretzschmar Pdf

Author : Shong Lau,Fred H. Gage,Shani Stern,Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832532218

Get Book

Advances in neural reprogramming, disease modeling and therapeutic insights by Shong Lau,Fred H. Gage,Shani Stern,Janelle Drouin-Ouellet Pdf

Author : Ronald Chase
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2002-07-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195354486

Get Book

Behavior and Its Neural Control in Gastropod Molluscs by Ronald Chase Pdf

During the past quarter century, there has been a tremendous expansion in our knowledge about gastropods, their behavior and their neurobiology. We can understand a great deal about mammalian nervous systems by studying the relatively larger and simpler structure of the gastropod nervous system. Behavior and Its Neural Control in Gastropod Molluscs first reviews the broader aspects of molluscan biology and draws attention to the special features of the gastropod nervous system. The book then examines different types of behavior, reviewing progress in understanding the mechanisms of neural control, and emphasizing cases in which control can be attributed to identified neurons and identified neural circuits.

Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139458139

Get Book

Action to Language via the Mirror Neuron System by Michael A. Arbib Pdf

In this book, internationally recognised experts from child development, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, primatology and robotics discuss the role of the mirror neuron system for the recognition of hand actions and the evolutionary basis for the brain mechanisms that support language.