Death Squads Or Self Defense Forces

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Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces?

Julie Mazzei
Death Squads or Self Defense Forces Book PDF

Author : Julie Mazzei
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0807898619

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Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces? by Julie Mazzei Pdf

In an era when the global community is confronted with challenges posed by violent nonstate organizations--from FARC in Colombia to the Taliban in Afghanistan--our understanding of the nature and emergence of these groups takes on heightened importance. Julie Mazzei's timely study offers a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics that facilitate the organization and mobilization of one of the most virulent types of these organizations, paramilitary groups (PMGs). Mazzei reconstructs in rich historical context the organization of PMGs in Colombia, El Salvador, and Mexico, identifying the variables that together create a triad of factors enabling paramilitary emergence: ambivalent state officials, powerful military personnel, and privileged members of the economic elite. Nations embroiled in domestic conflicts often find themselves stuck between a rock and a hard place when global demands for human rights contradict internal expectations and demands for political stability. Mazzei elucidates the importance of such circumstances in the emergence of PMGs, exploring the roles played by interests and policies at both the domestic and international levels. By offering an explanatory model of paramilitary emergence, Mazzei provides a framework to facilitate more effective policy making aimed at mitigating and undermining the political potency of these dangerous forces.

The Para-State

Aldo Civico
The Para State Book PDF

Author : Aldo Civico
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520288515

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The Para-State by Aldo Civico Pdf

Since its independence in the nineteenth century, the South American state of Colombia has been shaped by decades of bloody political violence. In The Para-State,ÊAldo Civico draws on interviews with paramilitary death squads and drug lords to provide a cultural interpretation of the countryÕs history of violence and state control. Between 2003 and 2008, Civico gained unprecedented access to some of ColombiaÕs most notorious leaders of the death squads. He also conducted interviews with the victims of paramilitary, with drug kingpins, and with vocal public supporters of the paramilitary groups. Drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, this riveting work demonstrates how the paramilitaries have in essence become a war machine deployed by the Colombian state to control and maintain its territory and political legitimacy.

A History of Political Murder in Latin America

W. John Green
A History of Political Murder in Latin America Book PDF

Author : W. John Green
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781438456652

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A History of Political Murder in Latin America by W. John Green Pdf

A sweeping study of political murder in Latin America. This expansive history depicts Latin America’s pan-regional culture of political murder. Unlike typical studies of the region, which often focus on the issues or trends of individual countries, this work focuses thematically on the nature of political murder itself, comparing and contrasting its uses and practices throughout the region. W. John Green examines the entire system of political murder: the methods and justifications the perpetrators employ, the victims, and the consequences for Latin American societies. Green demonstrates that elite and state actors have been responsible for most political murders, assassinating the leaders of popular movements and other messengers of change. Latin American elites have also often targeted the potential audience for these messages through the region’s various “dirty wars.” In spite of regional differences, elites across the region have displayed considerable uniformity in justifying their use of murder, imagining themselves in a class war with democratic forces. While the United States has often been complicit in such violence, Green notes that this has not been universally true, with US support waxing and waning. A detailed appendix, exploring political murder country by country, provides an additional resource for readers. W. John Green is the Editor and Director of the Latin American News Digest and the author of Gaitanismo, Left Liberalism, and Popular Mobilization in Colombia.

The Colombian Civil War

Bert Ruiz
The Colombian Civil War Book PDF

Author : Bert Ruiz
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780786450725

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The Colombian Civil War by Bert Ruiz Pdf

In 2000, the National Police of Colombia reported that 25,660 people met violent deaths in that country. According to the office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights in Colombia, 170 civilians were killed in the first 18 days of 2001 in massacres and selective homicides related to that country's terrible civil war. By drawing on diverse sources of information, this work brings together the thoughts of historians, journalists, human rights activists, social scientists, military veterans, law enforcement officials, Congressional investigators, financial analysts, lawyers, Roman Catholic priests, peace organization spokespersons and others about the volatile present-day situation in Colombia. It explains the complexities of the drug-financed civil war and details Washington's concern that the Colombian conflict will destabilize the Andean region. Photographs and maps enhance the text.

Self-Defense in Mexico

Luis Hernández Navarro
Self Defense in Mexico Book PDF

Author : Luis Hernández Navarro
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1469654539

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Self-Defense in Mexico by Luis Hernández Navarro Pdf

In Mexico and across other parts of Latin America local Indigenous peoples have built community policing groups as a means of protection where the state has limited control over, and even complicity in, crime and violence. Luis Hernandez Navarro, a leading Mexican journalist, offers a riveting investigation of these armed self-defense groups that sprang up around the time of the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Available in English for the first time, the book spotlights the intense precarity of everyday life in parts of Mexico. Hernandez Navarro shows how the self-defense response, which now includes wealthier rancher and farmer groups, is being transformed by Mexico's expanding role in the multibillion dollar global drug trade, by foreign corporations' extraction of raw minerals in traditionally Indigenous lands, and by the resulting social changes in local communities. But as Hernandez Navarro acknowledges, self-defense is highly controversial. Community policing may provide citizens with increased agency, but for government officials it can be a dangerous threat to the status quo. Leftists and liberals are wary of how the groups may be linked to paramilitary forces and vulnerable to manipulation by drug traffickers and the government alike. This book answers the urgent call to understand the dangerous complexities of government failures and popular solutions.

Death Squad

Jeffrey A. Sluka
Death Squad Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey A. Sluka
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-08-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780812200485

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Death Squad by Jeffrey A. Sluka Pdf

"There is real personal danger for anthropologists who dare to speak and write against terror; by doing so, they potentially and sometimes actually bring the terror down on themselves."—Jeffrey A. Sluka, from the Introduction Death Squad is the first work to focus specifically on the anthropology of state terror. It brings together an international group of anthropologists who have done extensive research in areas marked by extreme forms of state violence and who have studied state terror from the perspective of victims and survivors. The book presents eight case studies from seven countries—Spain, India (Punjab and Kashmir), Argentina, Guatemala, Northern Ireland, Indonesia, and the Philippines—to demonstrate the cultural complexities and ambiguities of terror when viewed at the local level and from the participants' point of view. Contributors deal with such topics as the role of Loyalist death squads in the culture of terror in Northern Ireland, the three-tier mechanism of state terror in Indonesia, the complex role of religion in violence by both the state and insurgents in Punjab and Kashmir, and the ways in which "disappearances" are used to destabilize and demoralize opponents of the state in Argentina, Guatemala, and India.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition

Gus Martin
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Gus Martin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781483305646

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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition by Gus Martin Pdf

Six years after publication of the first edition of the best-selling Encyclopedia of Terrorism, much has changed on the national security scene. Despite the dark promises of Osama bin Laden following the 9/11 attacks, the United States has not experienced any major domestic terror incidents. Al-Qaeda itself is believed to be a severely crippled organization. But while U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq--not to mention the arrival of the Obama administration, a new balance of power within Congress, and an increasingly fragile economic picture--have significantly affected the national security picture, the threat of economic chaos and massive loss of life due to terror attacks has not abated. Indeed, in July 2008 analysts pointed out that even a relatively small terrorist organization could present a dire threat, with some experts arguing that a biological, chemical, or even nuclear attack on a major U.S. city is all but inevitable. In this highly charged, rapidly shifting environment, we are pleased to present the The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition, a thoroughly updated and expanded edition of the original, highly regarded reference work. Nearly 100,000 words of new material will be added, along with fully updated original entries, and expanded coverage. New introductory essays will explore the impact of terrorism on economics, public health, religion, and even pop culture. Ethical issues such as the role of torture in interrogations, competing notions of security versus liberty, and the debates over FISA legislation and Guantanamo Bay will also be covered. Two dozen entries on significant recent events—such as the London bombings, Chechen attacks on Russian interests, and the rescue of Ingrid Bettancourt—and some 60 additional new entries will restore the work as an up-to-the-minute, natural first-stop for researchers.

Combatants in African Conflicts

Simon David Taylor
Combatants in African Conflicts Book PDF

Author : Simon David Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351065443

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Combatants in African Conflicts by Simon David Taylor Pdf

This book focuses on the different types of combatants in conflicts in Africa, exploring the fine lines between what might be classified as a militia in one conflict, a rebel in another, or a terrorist in a third. Drawing on the work of Carl von Clausewitz, this book provides a conceptually stable and analytically sound new typology on combatants. Analysing the relationships between state and society, and drawing on Clausewitz's Trinity of passion, chance, and reason, the book presents a set of five types of armed actors: Professionals, Praetorians, Militias, Insurgents, and Mercenaries. Each type is developed through a close reading of foundational theoretical texts, reviews of contemporary studies, and a historical analysis of their unique characteristics. Unlike a reductionist binary perspective, this typology accounts for the dynamic, complex, and evolving relationships of these actors with the state and society. A typology of combatants in conflicts in Africa can provide avenues for more in-depth analysis of such conflicts and holds implications for Security Sector Reform projects and other peace-building programmes. As such, this book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of African Politics and Military and Security Studies.

Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition

Cindy C. Combs,Martin W. Slann
Encyclopedia of Terrorism Revised Edition Book PDF

Author : Cindy C. Combs,Martin W. Slann
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9781438110196

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Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition by Cindy C. Combs,Martin W. Slann Pdf

Presents a reference guide to terrorism throughout the world, including history, terrorist groups, and notorious acts of terrorism.

Understanding Terrorism

Gus Martin
Understanding Terrorism Book PDF

Author : Gus Martin
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781452205823

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Understanding Terrorism by Gus Martin Pdf

With a particular emphasis on terrorist incidents, this fourth edition has been fully updated to provide readers with a wide-ranging and crucial resource on contemporary terrorism.

Drug War American Style

Jurg Gerber,Eric L. Jensen
Drug War American Style Book PDF

Author : Jurg Gerber,Eric L. Jensen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135689575

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Drug War American Style by Jurg Gerber,Eric L. Jensen Pdf

This collection of scholarly essays discusses the internationalization of American drug policy from a variety of perspectives and features articles on Hong Kong, Britain, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Latin America, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Los Zetas Inc.

Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera
Los Zetas Inc Book PDF

Author : Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781477312773

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Los Zetas Inc. by Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera Pdf

The rapid growth of organized crime in Mexico and the government's response to it have driven an unprecedented rise in violence and impelled major structural economic changes, including the recent passage of energy reform. Los Zetas Inc. asserts that these phenomena are a direct and intended result of the emergence of the brutal Zetas criminal organization in the Mexican border state of Tamaulipas. Going beyond previous studies of the group as a drug trafficking organization, Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera builds a convincing case that the Zetas and similar organizations effectively constitute transnational corporations with business practices that include the trafficking of crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline; migrant and weapons smuggling; kidnapping for ransom; and video and music piracy. Combining vivid interview commentary with in-depth analysis of organized crime as a transnational and corporate phenomenon, Los Zetas Inc. proposes a new theoretical framework for understanding the emerging face, new structure, and economic implications of organized crime in Mexico. Correa-Cabrera delineates the Zetas establishment, structure, and forms of operation, along with the reactions to this new model of criminality by the state and other lawbreaking, foreign, and corporate actors. Arguing that the elevated level of violence between the Zetas and the Mexican state resembles a civil war, Correa-Cabrera identifies the beneficiaries of this war, including arms-producing companies, the international banking system, the US border economy, the US border security/military-industrial complex, and corporate capital, especially international oil and gas companies.

Death Squads in Global Perspective

B. Campbell,A. Brenner
Death Squads in Global Perspective Book PDF

Author : B. Campbell,A. Brenner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2002-10-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230108141

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Death Squads in Global Perspective by B. Campbell,A. Brenner Pdf

Death squads have become an increasingly common feature of the modern world. In nearly all instances, their establishment is tolerated, encouraged, or undertaken by the state itself, which thereby risks its monopoly on the use of force, one of the fundamental characteristics of modern states. Why do such a variety of regimes, under very different circumstances, condone such activity? Death Squads in Global Perspective hopes to answer that question and explain not only their development, but also why they can be expected to proliferate in the early 21st century.

Paramilitarism

Uğur Ümit Üngör
Paramilitarism Book PDF

Author : Uğur Ümit Üngör
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198825241

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Paramilitarism by Uğur Ümit Üngör Pdf

From the deserts of Sudan to the jungles of Colombia, from the streets of Belfast to the mountains of Kurdistan, paramilitaries have appeared in violent conflicts. Ungor presents a comparative and global overview of paramilitarism, showing how states use it to successfully outsource mass political violence against civilians.

Historical Dictionary of Terrorism

Stephen Sloan,Sean K. Anderson
Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Book PDF

Author : Stephen Sloan,Sean K. Anderson
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 877 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780810863118

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Historical Dictionary of Terrorism by Stephen Sloan,Sean K. Anderson Pdf

The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as 'the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.' While terrorism has been around for centuries, it was the al Qa'eda attacks of September 11, 2001, that brought home to the world, and most particularly the United States, just how dangerous terrorism can be. The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Terrorism presents the full spectrum of forms of political violence through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on major terrorist groups and their leaders, significant terrorist events, cyber-terrorism, counterterrorism, and social science concepts regarding the motivations and group dynamics of terrorist groups. Authors Sean K. Anderson and Stephen Sloan move beyond the gut reaction we have to this volatile and divisive topic by providing a reliable and objective reference on terrorism.