Decade To Century Scale Climate Variability And Change

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Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales
Decade to Century Scale Climate Variability and Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309060981

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Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales Pdf

Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.

Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Climate Research Committee
Natural Climate Variability on Decade to Century Time Scales Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Climate Research Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1996-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309175760

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Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Climate Research Committee Pdf

This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.

Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales
Decade to Century Scale Climate Variability and Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1998-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309174039

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Decade-to-Century-Scale Climate Variability and Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales Pdf

Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.

Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board
Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309492430

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Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board Pdf

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.

Climate Change in North America

George Ohring
Climate Change in North America Book PDF

Author : George Ohring
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319037684

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Climate Change in North America by George Ohring Pdf

This book describes thoroughly the North American Climate of the past 65 million years, with special emphasis on the last 21,000 years, as revealed by paleoclimatic observations and climate models. It analyzes weather observations over the past century and satellite measurements of the last few decades to develop a picture of more recent climatic trends. It explains how global climate models are used to simulate and project climate, and presents the application of these models to reproduce recent climate variations and predict future North American climate. It answers the critical question of whether observed climate change is due to natural variations or human activity.

Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability

Assefa M. Melesse,Wossenu Abtew,Gabriel Senay
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability Book PDF

Author : Assefa M. Melesse,Wossenu Abtew,Gabriel Senay
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128159996

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Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability by Assefa M. Melesse,Wossenu Abtew,Gabriel Senay Pdf

Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Global Environmental Change

National Research Council,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development,Committee on Global Change Research
Global Environmental Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development,Committee on Global Change Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1999-10-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309064200

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Global Environmental Change by National Research Council,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development,Committee on Global Change Research Pdf

How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.

Under the Weather

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Climate, Ecosystems, Infectious Disease, and Human Health
Under the Weather Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Climate, Ecosystems, Infectious Disease, and Human Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309072786

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Under the Weather by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Climate, Ecosystems, Infectious Disease, and Human Health Pdf

Since the dawn of medical science, people have recognized connections between a change in the weather and the appearance of epidemic disease. With today's technology, some hope that it will be possible to build models for predicting the emergence and spread of many infectious diseases based on climate and weather forecasts. However, separating the effects of climate from other effects presents a tremendous scientific challenge. Can we use climate and weather forecasts to predict infectious disease outbreaks? Can the field of public health advance from "surveillance and response" to "prediction and prevention?" And perhaps the most important question of all: Can we predict how global warming will affect the emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents around the world? Under the Weather evaluates our current understanding of the linkages among climate, ecosystems, and infectious disease; it then goes a step further and outlines the research needed to improve our understanding of these linkages. The book also examines the potential for using climate forecasts and ecological observations to help predict infectious disease outbreaks, identifies the necessary components for an epidemic early warning system, and reviews lessons learned from the use of climate forecasts in other realms of human activity.

Climate Change Science

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change
Climate Change Science Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309075749

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Climate Change Science by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change Pdf

The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.

Advancing the Science of Climate Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change
Advancing the Science of Climate Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309145886

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Advancing the Science of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change Pdf

Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Mediterranean Climate Variability

P. Lionello,Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,R. Boscolo
Mediterranean Climate Variability Book PDF

Author : P. Lionello,Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,R. Boscolo
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080460798

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Mediterranean Climate Variability by P. Lionello,Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,R. Boscolo Pdf

This multi-authored book provides an updated description of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin, focusing on decadal and centennial time scales and on the results available on the impact of future emission scenarios at regional scale. The authors describs both local physical processes responsible for these variability - such as changes in the surface properties and land use- and globalprocesses - such as changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation associated to global warming, NAO, tropical monsoon and ENSO. Regional climate change issues are also addressed. Mediterranean Climate Variability aims to review the research on this region and to provide at the same time both an introduction and a reference for researchers. It covers topics typical of Climatology, Climate history, Meteorology, Oceanography, Environmental Science but the information here provided would also be useful for research in agriculture, social and economic studies. It is addressed to scientists and students interested in the Mediterranean climate and environment. Some topics have interesting connections to nearby regions: Northern Atlantic, West Africa, central and Eastern Europe. Each chapter will contain a summary meant to provide information to policy makers, researchers from other fields, and in general to a wide audience without a technical expertise on climate. * Provides an updated analysis of the Mediterranean climate features and guidelines for future research * Considers both oceanographic and atmospheric aspects * Analyzes the Mediterranean climate in a global perspective

Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Climate Uncertainty and Water Resources Management
Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Climate Uncertainty and Water Resources Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1991-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309046770

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Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Climate Uncertainty and Water Resources Management Pdf

The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.

Climate Change

The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences
Climate Change Book PDF

Author : The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309302029

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Climate Change by The Royal Society,National Academy of Sciences Pdf

Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.

Climate Variability and Change in High Elevation Regions: Past, Present & Future

Henry F. Diaz
Climate Variability and Change in High Elevation Regions Past Present Future Book PDF

Author : Henry F. Diaz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2003-07-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402013868

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Climate Variability and Change in High Elevation Regions: Past, Present & Future by Henry F. Diaz Pdf

Glaciers in the Andes are particularly important natural archives of present and past climatic and environmental changes, in significant part because of the N-S trend of this topographic barrier and its influence on the atmospheric circulation of the southern hemisphere. Strong gradients in the seasonality and amount of precipitation exist between the equator and 30° S. Large differences in amount east and west of the Andean divide also occur, as well as a change from tropical summer precipitation (additionally modified by the seasonal shift of the circulation belts) to winter precipitation in the west wind belt (e. g. , Yuille, 1999; Garraud and Aceituno, 2001). The so-called 'dry axis' lies between the tropical and extra tropical precipitation regimes (Figure 1). The high mountain desert within this axis responds most sensitively to the smallest changes in effective moisture. An important hydro-meteorological feature on a seasonal to inter-annual time-scale is the occurrence of EN SO events, which strongly control the mass balance of glaciers in this area (e. g. , Wagnon et ai. , 2001; Francou et ai. , in press). The precipitation pattern is an important factor for the interpretation of climatic and environmental records extracted from ice cores, because much of this information is related to conditions at the actual time of precipitation, and this is especially so for stable isotope records. Several ice cores have recently been drilled to bedrock in this area. From Huascanin (Thompson et ai. , 1995), Sajama (Thompson et ai.

Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability: A Workshop
Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability: A Workshop
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309444644

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Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability: A Workshop Pdf

Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.