Decision Making And Rationality In The Modern World

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Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World

Keith E. Stanovich
Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World Book PDF

Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015084098980

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Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World by Keith E. Stanovich Pdf

In Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World, Keith E. Stanovich demonstrates how work in the cognitive psychology of decision making has implications for the large and theoretically contentious debates about the nature of human rationality. Written specifically for undergraduate psychology students, the book presents a very practical approach to decision making, which is too often perceived by students as an artificial set of skills used only in academia and not in the real world. Instead, Stanovich shows how good decision-making procedures support rational behavior that enables people to act most efficiently to fulfill their goals. He explains how the concept of rationality is understood in cognitive science in terms of good decision making and judgment. Books in the Fundamentals of Cognition series serve as ideal instructional resources for advanced courses in cognitive psychology. They provide an up-to-date, well-organized survey of our current understanding of the major theories of cognitive psychology. The books are concise, which allows instructors to incorporate the latest original research and readings into their courses without overburdening their students. Focused without being too advanced--and comprehensive without being too broad--these books are the perfect resource for both students and instructors.

Rational Choice in an Uncertain World

Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes
Rational Choice in an Uncertain World Book PDF

Author : Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781412959032

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Rational Choice in an Uncertain World by Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes Pdf

In the Second Edition of Rational Choice in an Uncertain World the authors compare the basic principles of rationality with actual behaviour in making decisions. They describe theories and research findings from the field of judgment and decision making in a non-technical manner, using anecdotes as a teaching device. Intended as an introductory textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the material not only is of scholarly interest but is practical as well. The Second Edition includes: - more coverage on the role of emotions, happiness, and general well-being in decisions - a summary of the new research on the neuroscience of decision processes - more discussion of the adaptive value of (non-rational heuristics) - expansion of the graphics for decision trees, probability trees, and Venn diagrams.

Rational Decision-Making

Hamid Noorani
Rational Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Hamid Noorani
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010-04-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781469124537

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Rational Decision-Making by Hamid Noorani Pdf

RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING For a Brighter FutureFor the Love of the World This book shows youthrough examples and application exerciseshow to make rational decisions that will make you more productive. Based on the modern philosophy of Systems-Thinking, the book presents a well-defined path to living a productive life: making rational choices that will help you meet your long-term goals and fulfill your obligations to others. To assist you, the book provides tools and concepts you can use to set your objectives, identify and weigh the options, and evaluate the expected benefits. And the many thought-provoking, real-life situations will show you how to craft strategic initiativeswhether in individual, group, organizational, or public policy decisions.

Rational Choice in an Uncertain World

Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes
Rational Choice in an Uncertain World Book PDF

Author : Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2001-04-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 076192275X

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Rational Choice in an Uncertain World by Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes Pdf

First Edition, Winner of the prestigious William James Award from the American Psychological Association An understanding of the principles of rational decision making can help students improve the quality of their lives. Intended as an introductory textbook, the material in Rational Choice in an Uncertain World is not only of scholarly interest, but practical as well. Created specifically for courses on judgement and decision-making, this book makes research readily accessible to both undergraduate and graduate students. This Second Edition of the award-winning book, Rational Choice in an Uncertain World (1988) by Robyn M. Dawes, is sure to interest and enlighten students at all levels. This new edition features: · New student friendly chapter introductions as well as conclusions and cross-references between chapters. · Award-winning authors are respected professors with over 30 years of experience in the field. · Practical, everyday examples from such areas as finance, medicine, law, and engineering. · Comprehensive and up-to-date information keep this edition abreast of the changing ideas within the discipline · Additional discussion of the descriptive, psychological models of decision making to expand upon the original emphasis on normative, rational, `Expected Utility Theory′ models. Equipped with this knowledge and an understanding of the principles of rational decision making, both undergraduate and graduate students can help improve the quality of their choices and, thus, their life.

Rationality and the Environment

Bo Elling
Rationality and the Environment Book PDF

Author : Bo Elling
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781849772273

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Rationality and the Environment by Bo Elling Pdf

Environmental assessment and management involve the production of scientific knowledge and its use in decision-making processes. The result is that within these essentially rational, political assessment frameworks, experts are creating and applying scientific knowledge for decision and management purposes that actually have strong ethical and aesthetic dimensions. Yet these rational political frameworks lack the tools to provide guidance on ethical and aesthetic issues that affect the wider public.This revolutionary work argues that ethical and aesthetic dimensions can only be brought into environmental politics and policies by citizens actively taking a stand on the specific matters in question. The author draws on Habermas trisection of rationality as cognitive-instrumental, moral-practical and aesthetic-expressive, to suggest that truly effective environmental policy needs to activate all three approaches and not favour only the rational. To achieve this objective, the author argues that public participation in environmental policy and assessment is necessary to counteract the dictatorship of technical and economic instrumentality in environmental policy - the failure to take ethical and aesthetic rationalities into account - and, more importantly, how such policy is applied on the ground to shape our natural and material world.

Simply Rational

Gerd Gigerenzer
Simply Rational Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199390090

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Simply Rational by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Statistical illiteracy can have an enormously negative impact on decision making. This volume of collected papers brings together applied and theoretical research on risks and decision making across the fields of medicine, psychology, and economics. Collectively, the essays demonstrate why the frame in which statistics are communicated is essential for broader understanding and sound decision making, and that understanding risks and uncertainty has wide-reaching implications for daily life. Gerd Gigerenzer provides a lucid review and catalog of concrete instances of heuristics, or rules of thumb, that people and animals rely on to make decisions under uncertainty, explaining why these are very often more rational than probability models. After a critical look at behavioral theories that do not model actual psychological processes, the book concludes with a call for a "heuristic revolution" that will enable us to understand the ecological rationality of both statistics and heuristics, and bring a dose of sanity to the study of rationality.

Emotional Choices

Robin Markwica
Emotional Choices Book PDF

Author : Robin Markwica
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192513120

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Emotional Choices by Robin Markwica Pdf

Why do states often refuse to yield to military threats from a more powerful actor, such as the United States? Why do they frequently prefer war to compliance? International Relations scholars generally employ the rational choice logic of consequences or the constructivist logic of appropriateness to explain this puzzling behavior. Max Weber, however, suggested a third logic of choice in his magnum opus Economy and Society: human decision making can also be motivated by emotions. Drawing on Weber and more recent scholarship in sociology and psychology, Robin Markwica introduces the logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, into the field of International Relations. The logic of affect posits that actors' behavior is shaped by the dynamic interplay among their norms, identities, and five key emotions: fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation. Markwica puts forward a series of propositions that specify the affective conditions under which leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer's demands. To infer emotions and to examine their influence on decision making, he develops a methodological strategy combining sentiment analysis and an interpretive form of process tracing. He then applies the logic of affect to Nikita Khrushchev's behavior during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 and Saddam Hussein's decision making in the Gulf conflict in 1990-1 offering a novel explanation for why U.S. coercive diplomacy succeeded in one case but not in the other.

Judgment and Decision Making

Baruch Fischhoff
Judgment and Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Baruch Fischhoff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781136497339

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Judgment and Decision Making by Baruch Fischhoff Pdf

Behavioral decision research offers a distinctive approach to understanding and improving decision making. It combines theory and method from multiple disciples (psychology, economics, statistics, decision theory, management science). It employs both empirical methods, to study how decisions are actually made, and analytical ones, to study how decisions should be made and how consequential imperfections are. This book brings together key publications, selected to represent the major topics and approaches used in the field. Put in one place, with integrating commentary, it shows the common elements in a research program that represents the scope of the field, while offering depth in each. Together, they provide a vision for what has become a burgeoning field.

Real-Life Decision-Making

Mats Danielson,Love Ekenberg
Real Life Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Mats Danielson,Love Ekenberg
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000936896

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Real-Life Decision-Making by Mats Danielson,Love Ekenberg Pdf

Have you ever experienced a decision situation that was hard to come to grips with? Did you ever feel a need to improve your decision-making skills? Is this something where you feel that you have not learned enough practical and useful methods? In that case, you are not alone! Even though decision-making is both considered and actually is a very important skill in modern work-life as well as in private life, these skills are not to any reasonable extent taught in schools at any level. No wonder many people do indeed feel the need to improve but have a hard time finding out how. This book is an attempt to remedy this shortcoming of our educational systems and possibly also of our common, partly intuition-based, decision culture. Intuition is not at all bad, quite the contrary, but it has to co-exist with rationality. We will show you how. Methods for decision-making should be of prime concern to any individual or organisation, even if the decision processes are not always explicitly or even consciously formulated. All kinds of organisations, as well as individuals, must continuously make decisions of the most varied nature in order to prosper and attain their objectives. A large part of the time spent in any organisation, not least at management levels, is spent gathering, processing, and compiling information for the purpose of making decisions supported by that information. The same interest has hitherto not been shown for individual decision-making, even though large gains would also be obtained at a personal level if important personal decisions were better deliberated. This book aims at changing that and thus attends to both categories of decision-makers. This book will take you through a journey starting with some history of decision-making and analysis and then go through easy-to-learn ways of structuring decision information and methods for analysing the decision situations, beginning with simple decision situations and then moving on to progressively harder ones, but never losing sight of the overarching goal that the reader should be able to follow the progression and being able to carry out similar decision analyses in real-life situations. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Disability

Michael L. Wehmeyer
The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Disability Book PDF

Author : Michael L. Wehmeyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195398786

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The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Disability by Michael L. Wehmeyer Pdf

This handbook is the first comprehensive text on positive psychology and disability. Emphasizing paradigmatic changes in understanding disability, the text covers traditional disciplines in positive psychology; and applications of positive psychology to domains like education or work.

Diagnosis

Pat Croskerry,Karen Cosby,Mark L. Graber,Hardeep Singh
Diagnosis Book PDF

Author : Pat Croskerry,Karen Cosby,Mark L. Graber,Hardeep Singh
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351650199

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Diagnosis by Pat Croskerry,Karen Cosby,Mark L. Graber,Hardeep Singh Pdf

Despite diagnosis being the key feature of a physician's clinical performance, this is the first book that deals specifically with the topic. In recent years, however, considerable interest has been shown in this area and significant developments have occurred in two main areas: a) an awareness and increasing understanding of the critical role of clinical decision making in the process of diagnosis, and of the multiple factors that impact it, and b) a similar appreciation of the role of the healthcare system in supporting clinicians in their efforts to make accurate diagnoses. Although medicine has seen major gains in knowledge and technology over the last few decades, there is a consensus that the diagnostic failure rate remains in the order of 10-15%. This book provides an overview of the major issues in this area, in particular focusing on where the diagnostic process fails, and where improvements might be made.

The Routledge Handbook of Financial Geography

Janelle Knox-Hayes,Dariusz Wójcik
The Routledge Handbook of Financial Geography Book PDF

Author : Janelle Knox-Hayes,Dariusz Wójcik
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351119047

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The Routledge Handbook of Financial Geography by Janelle Knox-Hayes,Dariusz Wójcik Pdf

This handbook is a comprehensive and up to date work of reference that offers a survey of the state of financial geography. With Brexit, a global recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as new financial technology threatening and promising to revolutionize finance, the map of the financial world is in a state of transformation, with major implications for development. With these developments in the background, this handbook builds on this unprecedented momentum and responds to these epochal challenges, offering a comprehensive guide to financial geography. Financial geography is concerned with the study of money and finance in space and time, and their impacts on economy, society and nature. The book consists of 29 chapters organized in six sections: theoretical perspectives on financial geography, financial assets and markets, investors, intermediation, regulation and governance, and finance, development and the environment. Each chapter provides a balanced overview of current knowledge, identifying issues and discussing relevant debates. Written in an analytical and engaging style by authors based on six continents from a wide range of disciplines, the work also offers reflections on where the research agenda is likely to advance in the future. The book’s key audience will primarily be students and researchers in geography, urban studies, global studies and planning, more or less familiar with financial geography, who seek access to a state-of-the art survey of this area. It will also be useful for students and researchers in other disciplines, such as finance and economics, history, sociology, anthropology, politics, business studies, environmental studies and other social sciences, who seek convenient access to financial geography as a new and relatively unfamiliar area. Finally, it will be a valuable resource for practitioners in the public and private sector, including business consultants and policy-makers, who look for alternative approaches to understanding money and finance.

Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality

Riccardo Viale
Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality Book PDF

Author : Riccardo Viale
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 844 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317330790

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Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality by Riccardo Viale Pdf

Herbert Simon’s renowned theory of bounded rationality is principally interested in cognitive constraints and environmental factors and influences which prevent people from thinking or behaving according to formal rationality. Simon’s theory has been expanded in numerous directions and taken up by various disciplines with an interest in how humans think and behave. This includes philosophy, psychology, neurocognitive sciences, economics, political science, sociology, management, and organization studies. The Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality draws together an international team of leading experts to survey the recent literature and the latest developments in these related fields. The chapters feature entries on key behavioural phenomena, including reasoning, judgement, decision making, uncertainty, risk, heuristics and biases, and fast and frugal heuristics. The text also examines current ideas such as fast and slow thinking, nudge, ecological rationality, evolutionary psychology, embodied cognition, and neurophilosophy. Overall, the volume serves to provide the most complete state-of-the-art collection on bounded rationality available. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of economics, psychology, neurocognitive sciences, political sciences, and philosophy.

Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory

Mary Zey
Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory Book PDF

Author : Mary Zey
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1997-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781452254968

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Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory by Mary Zey Pdf

An ambitious new work by a well-respected economic sociologist, Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique, offers a new perspective on the strategy and actions of organizations. In merging economic, psychological, and sociological literature as they focus on organizations, author Mary Zey contends that a historical political economy contingency theory provides the key to understanding how organizations function and the relationships between individuals and organizations in which they work. She brings to our attention that economic and other types of organizations differ in their behavior from rational individuals and rational markets. Zey integrates macro- and micro-levels of analysis while drawing together internal and external contingencies to explain how decisions are taken. Zey interprets, synthesizes, and critiques the important work of renowned scholars of rational choice, finance, and organizations including James March, Michael Jensen, and Oliver Williamson to analyze corporate decision making, differentiating it from individual decision making. The analysis is distinguished by inclusive thinking and new approaches to issues that have long confronted those who think about, theorize about, work with, and manage organizations. Mary ZeyÆs work expands the understanding of decision making by presenting evidence that points to the wide range and complexity of human decision making. The rational choice theorists, led most notably by Oliver Williamson and James Coleman, adhere to the tenets of transaction cost analysis and agency theory when looking at micro- and macro-level decisions made by people and organizations. Other models of decision making (habit, emotion, moral and ethical values, among others) have been labeled as deviations from formal rationality. Mary Zey calls these "deviations" alternative motives behind decision making, and her books are an attempt to present the leading work from this point of view. Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique is the first single-authored volume to analyze and present an alternative model to decision making theory and serves as a companion to Decision Making (Sage, 1992). Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory will be useful to professors and students of decision making theory, organizational theory, sociology of organizations, and social theory.

International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities

Anonim
International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128003343

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International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities by Anonim Pdf

International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of developmental disabilities. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of developmental disabilities A vast range of perspectives is offered, and many topics are covered An excellent resource for academic researchers