Decision Procedures

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Decision Procedures

Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman
Decision Procedures Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540741053

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Decision Procedures by Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman Pdf

A decision procedure is an algorithm that, given a decision problem, terminates with a correct yes/no answer. Here, the authors focus on theories that are expressive enough to model real problems, but are still decidable. Specifically, the book concentrates on decision procedures for first-order theories that are commonly used in automated verification and reasoning, theorem-proving, compiler optimization and operations research. The techniques described in the book draw from fields such as graph theory and logic, and are routinely used in industry. The authors introduce the basic terminology of satisfiability modulo theories and then, in separate chapters, study decision procedures for each of the following theories: propositional logic; equalities and uninterpreted functions; linear arithmetic; bit vectors; arrays; pointer logic; and quantified formulas.

Decision Procedures

Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman
Decision Procedures Book PDF

Author : Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662504970

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Decision Procedures by Daniel Kroening,Ofer Strichman Pdf

A decision procedure is an algorithm that, given a decision problem, terminates with a correct yes/no answer. Here, the authors focus on theories that are expressive enough to model real problems, but are still decidable. Specifically, the book concentrates on decision procedures for first-order theories that are commonly used in automated verification and reasoning, theorem-proving, compiler optimization and operations research. The techniques described in the book draw from fields such as graph theory and logic, and are routinely used in industry. The authors introduce the basic terminology of satisfiability modulo theories and then, in separate chapters, study decision procedures for each of the following theories: propositional logic; equalities and uninterpreted functions; linear arithmetic; bit vectors; arrays; pointer logic; and quantified formulas.

The Calculus of Computation

Aaron R. Bradley,Zohar Manna
The Calculus of Computation Book PDF

Author : Aaron R. Bradley,Zohar Manna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-09-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540741138

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The Calculus of Computation by Aaron R. Bradley,Zohar Manna Pdf

Written with graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mind, this textbook introduces computational logic from the foundations of first-order logic to state-of-the-art decision procedures for arithmetic, data structures, and combination theories. The textbook also presents a logical approach to engineering correct software. Verification exercises are given to develop the reader's facility in specifying and verifying software using logic. The treatment of verification concludes with an introduction to the static analysis of software, an important component of modern verification systems. The final chapter outlines courses of further study.

Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations

Leonid Kitainik
Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations Book PDF

Author : Leonid Kitainik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789401119603

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Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations by Leonid Kitainik Pdf

In decision theory there are basically two appr~hes to the modeling of individual choice: one is based on an absolute representation of preferences leading to a ntDnerical expression of preference intensity. This is utility theory. Another approach is based on binary relations that encode pairwise preference. While the former has mainly blossomed in the Anglo-Saxon academic world, the latter is mostly advocated in continental Europe, including Russia. The advantage of the utility theory approach is that it integrates uncertainty about the state of nature, that may affect the consequences of decision. Then, the problems of choice and ranking from the knowledge of preferences become trivial once the utility function is known. In the case of the relational approach, the model does not explicitly accounts for uncertainty, hence it looks less sophisticated. On the other hand it is more descriptive than normative in the first stand because it takes the pairwise preference pattern expressed by the decision-maker as it is and tries to make the best out of it. Especially the preference relation is not supposed to have any property. The main problem with the utility theory approach is the gap between what decision-makers are and can express, and what the theory would like them to be and to be capable of expressing. With the relational approach this gap does not exist, but the main difficulty is now to build up convincing choice rules and ranking rules that may help the decision process.

Optimal Sequentially Planned Decision Procedures

Norbert Schmitz
Optimal Sequentially Planned Decision Procedures Book PDF

Author : Norbert Schmitz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1992-10-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : UOM:39015053938505

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Optimal Sequentially Planned Decision Procedures by Norbert Schmitz Pdf

This volume is concerned with statistical procedures where the data are collected in sequentially designed groups. The basic premise here is that the expected total sample size is not always the appropriate criterion for evaluating statistical procedures, especially for nonlinear sampling costs (e.g. additive fixed costs) and in clinical trials. In fact, this criterion seems to have been a hindrance to the practical use of Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) despite its well-known optimum properties. This volume systematically develops decision procedures which retain the possibility of early stopping and remove some of the disadvantages of one-at-a-time sampling. In particular, for generalizations of the SPRT algorithms, methods for computing characteristics (such as operating characteristics or power functions, expected sampling costs, etc.) are developed and implemented. The procedures turn out to be optimal in a Bayesian sense as well as for problems with side conditions (e.g. specified bounds on error probabilities or expected sampling costs). A theory of optimal sampling is developed in order to prove the various properties of the procedures.

Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations

Leonid Kitainik
Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations Book PDF

Author : Leonid Kitainik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1993-08-31
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 079232367X

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Fuzzy Decision Procedures with Binary Relations by Leonid Kitainik Pdf

In decision theory there are basically two appr~hes to the modeling of individual choice: one is based on an absolute representation of preferences leading to a ntDnerical expression of preference intensity. This is utility theory. Another approach is based on binary relations that encode pairwise preference. While the former has mainly blossomed in the Anglo-Saxon academic world, the latter is mostly advocated in continental Europe, including Russia. The advantage of the utility theory approach is that it integrates uncertainty about the state of nature, that may affect the consequences of decision. Then, the problems of choice and ranking from the knowledge of preferences become trivial once the utility function is known. In the case of the relational approach, the model does not explicitly accounts for uncertainty, hence it looks less sophisticated. On the other hand it is more descriptive than normative in the first stand because it takes the pairwise preference pattern expressed by the decision-maker as it is and tries to make the best out of it. Especially the preference relation is not supposed to have any property. The main problem with the utility theory approach is the gap between what decision-makers are and can express, and what the theory would like them to be and to be capable of expressing. With the relational approach this gap does not exist, but the main difficulty is now to build up convincing choice rules and ranking rules that may help the decision process.

Decision Making in Aesthetic Practice

Vincent Wong
Decision Making in Aesthetic Practice Book PDF

Author : Vincent Wong
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000416701

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Decision Making in Aesthetic Practice by Vincent Wong Pdf

Decision Making in Aesthetic PracticeThe Right Procedures for the Right Patients Edited by Vincent Wong, BSc, MBChB, Vindoc Aesthetics, London, UK Healthcare professionals in Aesthetic Practice are often faced with a presenting complaint that may seem straightforward to treat but lends itself to more than one treatment option. To achieve and deliver the best natural-looking results, certain basic points about the face must be respected; there must be a good understanding of the specific root cause of each patient’s complaint; and that knowledge must be communicated effectively with the patient. The aim of this book is to help guide a healthcare professional in selecting the best and most appropriate options for any patient. Contents: The Cosmetic Consultation * The Skin * The Forehead * The Periorbital Region * The Nose * The Cheeks* The Perioral Region * The Chin * The Jawline and Neck* The Scalp * Balancing Non-Surgical and Surgical Clinical Approaches

Akak'stiman

Reg Crowshoe,Sybille Manneschmidt
Akak stiman Book PDF

Author : Reg Crowshoe,Sybille Manneschmidt
Publisher : University of Calgary Press
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9781552380444

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Akak'stiman by Reg Crowshoe,Sybille Manneschmidt Pdf

The authors aim to show that traditional Blackfoot ceremonies provide a specific framework for decision-making that can be used as a model for present day health service delivery and offer other potential applications of the model in decision-making and mediation processes.

Computer Aided Verification

Werner Damm,Holger Hermanns
Computer Aided Verification Book PDF

Author : Werner Damm,Holger Hermanns
Publisher : Springer
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540733683

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Computer Aided Verification by Werner Damm,Holger Hermanns Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. Thirty-three state-of-the-technology papers are presented, together with fourteen tool papers, three invited papers, and four invited tutorials. All the current issues in computer aided verification and model checking—from foundational and methodological issues to the evaluation of major tools and systems—are addressed.

The Support of Decision Processes with Business Intelligence and Analytics

Martin Kowalczyk
The Support of Decision Processes with Business Intelligence and Analytics Book PDF

Author : Martin Kowalczyk
Publisher : Springer
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783658192303

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The Support of Decision Processes with Business Intelligence and Analytics by Martin Kowalczyk Pdf

In his research, Martin Kowalczyk empirically investigates the challenges of designing and establishing successful decision support with Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A). The results from his work elucidate organizational and individual perspectives of BI&A support in decision processes. The organizational perspective considers the processual aspects of decision making and addresses process phases, roles and their interactions. The individual perspective reflects upon decision making of human individuals including their cognition and behaviors involved in decision making. The support of managerial decision making with BI&A gains increasing priority for many businesses in their desire to achieve better decision outcomes and improved organizational performance.

Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings

Martin F. Kaplan,Steven Schwartz
Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings Book PDF

Author : Martin F. Kaplan,Steven Schwartz
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781483261102

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Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings by Martin F. Kaplan,Steven Schwartz Pdf

Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings is the second to two volumes that attempt to define the areas of progress in the understanding of human decision making processes. The first volume, Human Judgment and Decision Processes (Academic Press, 1975) was concerned with formal and mathematical approaches to the problems of judgment and decision making. The major theoretical orientations (information integration theory, signal detection theory, portfolio theory, and multiattribute-utility measurement) were presented and their rationales discussed. The present volume is concerned with the application of these theories, and the various techniques derived from them, to the problems of decision making in the everyday world. The chapters reflect the many modifications and adjustments that must be made to mathematical rules in order to apply decision theory models in the real world. The tools described serve a broad variety of interests: those of the urban health or social planner, the organizational manager, the researcher, the educator, and, in fact, all of those who must weight evidence to reach decisions. Planner, manager, researcher, teacher, policymaker—all will find assistance in overcoming the commonly encountered roadblocks when one must choose between alternatives in what remains an uncertain world.

Multiple Decision Procedures

Shanti S. Gupta,S. Panchapakesan
Multiple Decision Procedures Book PDF

Author : Shanti S. Gupta,S. Panchapakesan
Publisher : SIAM
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780898715323

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Multiple Decision Procedures by Shanti S. Gupta,S. Panchapakesan Pdf

An encyclopaedic coverage of the literature in the area of ranking and selection procedures. It also deals with the estimation of unknown ordered parameters. This book can serve as a text for a graduate topics course in ranking and selection. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners.

Set Theory for Computing

Domenico Cantone,Eugenio Omodeo,Alberto Policriti
Set Theory for Computing Book PDF

Author : Domenico Cantone,Eugenio Omodeo,Alberto Policriti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781475734522

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Set Theory for Computing by Domenico Cantone,Eugenio Omodeo,Alberto Policriti Pdf

An up-to-date and comprehensive account of set-oriented symbolic manipulation and automated reasoning methods. This book is of interest to graduates and researchers in theoretical computer science and computational logic and automated reasoning.

Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics

Shanti S. Gupta,David S. Moore
Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics Book PDF

Author : Shanti S. Gupta,David S. Moore
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781483260310

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Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics by Shanti S. Gupta,David S. Moore Pdf

Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics II is a compendium of papers presented at an international symposium on Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics held at Purdue University in May, 1976. The researchers invited to participate, and to author papers for this volume, are among the leaders in the field of Statistical Decision Theory. This collection features works on general decision theory, multiple decision theory, optimal experimental design, and robustness. Mathematicians and statisticians will find the book highly insightful and informative.

Automated Deduction - CADE-16

Harald Ganzinger
Automated Deduction CADE 16 Book PDF

Author : Harald Ganzinger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1999-06-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540662228

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Automated Deduction - CADE-16 by Harald Ganzinger Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE-16, held in Trento, Italy in July 1999 as part of FLoC'99. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 83 submissions. Also included are 15 system descriptions and two invited full papers. The book addresses all current issues in automated deduction and theorem proving, ranging from logical foundations to deduction systems design and evaluation