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Author : Warren Goldfarb
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003-09-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781603845854
This text provides a straightforward, lively but rigorous, introduction to truth-functional and predicate logic, complete with lucid examples and incisive exercises, for which Warren Goldfarb is renowned.
Author : Hugues Leblanc,William A. Wisdom
Publisher : Allyn & Bacon
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UVA:X000131740
Author : Alfred Tarski
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780486318899
This classic undergraduate treatment examines the deductive method in its first part and explores applications of logic and methodology in constructing mathematical theories in its second part. Exercises appear throughout.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1438408552
Clear focus on its application of formal logic to ordinary English is the most distinctive feature of this textbook for the introductory course in deductive logic. Great care is taken with the appropriate translation into logical languages of ordinary English sentences. Evaluation of these translations promotes a more effective use of ordinary language. The Principles of Deductive Logic presents symbolic logic in a fuller and more leisurely fashion than other introductory textbooks. Early chapters cover informal material, including definition and informal fallacies. The remainder of the text is devoted to the treatment of four distinct artificial languages. The Categorical language is the language of syllogistic logic. The Extended Categorical language enriches this first language with the symbolic connectives for conjunction and negation. The Propositional Connective language and the First-Order language (with identity) are the two basic languages of modern logic. Each language is accompanied by a deductive system, and is used as an instrument for exploring ordinary language, including ordinary arguments The book contains a large number of exercises whose answers are supplied in the back of the book, and many more that can be assigned as homework. A solution's manual is available to instructors upon their request. The request must be written on college or university letterhead.
Author : Lance J. Rips
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262517218
Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.
Author : Noah Knowles Davis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1893
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : HARVARD:32044102783610
Author : Carveth Read
Publisher : Franklin Classics Trade Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0344885798
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : Douglas Cannon
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2002-11-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781770481138
This text offers an innovative approach to the teaching of logic, which is rigorous but entirely non-symbolic. By introducing students to deductive inferences in natural language, the book breaks new ground pedagogically. Cannon focuses on such topics as using a tableaux technique to assess inconsistency; using generative grammar; employing logical analyses of sentences; and dealing with quantifier expressions and syllogisms. An appendix covers truth-functional logic.
Author : Richard L. Trammell
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1535230770
This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled "optional" as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to [email protected], and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach.
Author : Gary Iseminger
Publisher : Ardent Media
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Logic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : John Alan Robinson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Form (Logic).
ISBN : UCAL:B3942358
Author : Douglas Cannon
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2002-11-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1551114453
This text offers an innovative approach to the teaching of logic, which is rigorous but entirely non-symbolic. By introducing students to deductive inferences in natural language, the book breaks new ground pedagogically. Cannon focuses on such topics as using a tableaux technique to assess inconsistency; using generative grammar; employing logical analyses of sentences; and dealing with quantifier expressions and syllogisms. An appendix covers truth-functional logic.
Author : David S. Clarke,Richard Behling
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0761809228
Deductive Logic is designed as an intermediate-level text directed at upper-division students from philosophy and the humanities. Its focus is exclusively on deductive logic, avoiding altogether topics such as informal reasoning and scientific method normally included in introductory logic courses. Its exposition of logical topics is informal, with emphasis on explaining the basic concepts and procedures of modern symbolic logic in the simplest and most intuitive manner possible rather than on developing a rigorous formal system and providing proofs of its properties. The fact that the text presupposes a course offered to philosophy students and serves to introduce them to logic as the "language of philosophy" has strongly influenced the selection of topics. The topics here are controversial, and the problems not easily resolved, but this text strives to relate the formal logical structures introduced to issues of philosophic interest.
Author : Adam Leroy Jones
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-23
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9783382816919
Reprint of the original, first published in 1873. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
Author : P. K. Ray,Prasanna K. Ray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1886
Category : Logic
ISBN : WISC:89094313053