Deep Inequality

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Deep Inequality

Earl Wysong,Robert Perrucci
Deep Inequality Book PDF

Author : Earl Wysong,Robert Perrucci
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781442266469

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Deep Inequality by Earl Wysong,Robert Perrucci Pdf

Forbes reports that the richest 1 percent of the world’s population owns nearly half the world’s wealth, and the gap between the richest and poorest of the world only continues to increase. Deep Inequality looks behind these stark statistics to understand not only wealth inequality but also rising disparities in other elements of life—from education to the media. The authors argue that inequality has become so pervasive that it is the new normal. When we do recognize troubling inequality, we look at individual or small-scale problems without understanding the broader structural issues that shape the economy, the global political system, and more. Only by understanding the structural forces at play can we recognize the deep divisions in our society and work for meaningful change. Deep Inequality explains the changing landscape of inequality to help readers see society in a new way.

Ten Thousand Years of Inequality

Timothy A. Kohler,Michael E. Smith
Ten Thousand Years of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Timothy A. Kohler,Michael E. Smith
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780816539444

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Ten Thousand Years of Inequality by Timothy A. Kohler,Michael E. Smith Pdf

Is wealth inequality a universal feature of human societies, or did early peoples live an egalitarian existence? How did inequality develop before the modern era? Did inequalities in wealth increase as people settled into a way of life dominated by farming and herding? Why in general do such disparities increase, and how recent are the high levels of wealth inequality now experienced in many developed nations? How can archaeologists tell? Ten Thousand Years of Inequality addresses these and other questions by presenting the first set of consistent quantitative measurements of ancient wealth inequality. The authors are archaeologists who have adapted the Gini index, a statistical measure of wealth distribution often used by economists to measure contemporary inequality, and applied it to house-size distributions over time and around the world. Clear descriptions of methods and assumptions serve as a model for other archaeologists and historians who want to document past patterns of wealth disparity. The chapters cover a variety of ancient cases, including early hunter-gatherers, farmer villages, and agrarian states and empires. The final chapter synthesizes and compares the results. Among the new and notable outcomes, the authors report a systematic difference between higher levels of inequality in ancient Old World societies and lower levels in their New World counterparts. For the first time, archaeology allows humanity’s deep past to provide an account of the early manifestations of wealth inequality around the world. Contributors Nicholas Ames Alleen Betzenhauser Amy Bogaard Samuel Bowles Meredith S. Chesson Abhijit Dandekar Timothy J. Dennehy Robert D. Drennan Laura J. Ellyson Deniz Enverova Ronald K. Faulseit Gary M. Feinman Mattia Fochesato Thomas A. Foor Vishwas D. Gogte Timothy A. Kohler Ian Kuijt Chapurukha M. Kusimba Mary-Margaret Murphy Linda M. Nicholas Rahul C. Oka Matthew Pailes Christian E. Peterson Anna Marie Prentiss Michael E. Smith Elizabeth C. Stone Amy Styring Jade Whitlam

Programmed Inequality

Mar Hicks
Programmed Inequality Book PDF

Author : Mar Hicks
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262535182

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Programmed Inequality by Mar Hicks Pdf

This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.

Communities in Action

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Communities in Action Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

What Drives Inequality?

Koen Decancq,Philippe Van Kerm
What Drives Inequality Book PDF

Author : Koen Decancq,Philippe Van Kerm
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781789733792

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What Drives Inequality? by Koen Decancq,Philippe Van Kerm Pdf

There is a great deal of coverage on inequality, and the key determinants of recent trends are increasingly well-documented. However, much less is known about the driving forces behind international differences in inequality.

World Social Report 2020

Department of Economic and Social Affairs
World Social Report 2020 Book PDF

Author : Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210043670

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World Social Report 2020 by Department of Economic and Social Affairs Pdf

This report examines the links between inequality and other major global trends (or megatrends), with a focus on technological change, climate change, urbanization and international migration. The analysis pays particular attention to poverty and labour market trends, as they mediate the distributional impacts of the major trends selected. It also provides policy recommendations to manage these megatrends in an equitable manner and considers the policy implications, so as to reduce inequalities and support their implementation.

The Broken Ladder

Keith Payne
The Broken Ladder Book PDF

Author : Keith Payne
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780698409378

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The Broken Ladder by Keith Payne Pdf

A timely examination by a leading scientist of the physical, psychological, and moral effects of inequality. Today’s inequality is on a scale that none of us has seen in our lifetimes, yet this disparity between rich and poor has ramifications that extend far beyond mere financial means. In The Broken Ladder psychologist Keith Payne examines how inequality divides us not just economically, but has profound consequences for how we think, how our cardiovascular systems respond to stress, how our immune systems function, and how we view moral ideas like justice and fairness. Experiments in psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics have not only revealed important new insights on how inequality changes people in predictable ways, but have provided a corrective to our flawed way of viewing poverty as the result of individual character failings. Among modern, developed societies, economic inequality is not primarily about money, but rather about relative status: where we stand in relation to other people. Regardless of their average income, countries or states with greater levels of income inequality have much higher rates of all the social problems we associate with poverty, including lower average life expectancies, serious health issues, mental illness, and crime. The Broken Ladder explores such issues as why women in poor societies often have more children, and have them younger; why there is little trust among the working class that investing for the future will pay off; why people’s perception of their relative social status affects their political beliefs, and why growing inequality leads to greater political divisions; how poverty raises stress levels in the same way as a physical threat; inequality in the workplace, and how it affects performance; why unequal societies become more religious; and finally offers measures people can take to lessen the harm done by inequality in their own lives and the lives of their children.

The Great Gap

Merike Blofield
The Great Gap Book PDF

Author : Merike Blofield
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271073910

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The Great Gap by Merike Blofield Pdf

The relationship between socioeconomic inequality and democratic politics has been one of the central questions in the social sciences from Aristotle on. Recent waves of democratization, combined with deepened global inequalities, have made understanding this relationship ever more crucial. In The Great Gap, Merike Blofield seeks to contribute to this understanding by analyzing inequality and politics in the region with the highest socioeconomic inequalities in the world: Latin America. The chapters, written by prominent scholars in their fields, address the socioeconomic context and inequality of opportunities; elite culture, public opinion, and media framing; capital mobility, campaign financing, representation, and gender equality policies; and taxation and social policies. Aside from the editor, the contributors are Pablo Alegre, Maurício Bugarin, Daniela Campello, Anna Crespo, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Fernando Filgueira, Liesl Haas, Sallie Hughes, Juan Pablo Luna, James E. Mahon Jr., Juliana Martínez Franzoni, Adriana Cuoco Portugal, Paola Prado, Elisa P. Reis, Luis Reygadas, Sergio Naruhiko Sakurai, and Koen Voorend.

Inequality in Canada

Eric W. Sager
Inequality in Canada Book PDF

Author : Eric W. Sager
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780228005957

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Inequality in Canada by Eric W. Sager Pdf

In Inequality in Canada Eric Sager considers one of the defining – but hardest to define – ideas of our era and traces its different meanings and contexts across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Sager shows how the idea of inequality arose in the long evolution in Britain and the United States from classical economics to the emerging welfare economics of the twentieth century. Within this transatlantic frame, inequality took a distinct form in Canada: different iterations of the idea appear in Protestant critiques of wealth, labour movements, farmer-progressive politics, the social gospel, social Catholicism in Quebec, English-Canadian political economy, and political and intellectual justifications of the social security state. A tradition of idealist thought persisted in the twentieth century, sustaining the idea of inequality despite deep silences among Canadian economists. Sager argues that inequality goes beyond the distribution of income and wealth: it is the idea that there are wide gaps between rich and poor, that the gaps are both an economic problem and a social injustice, and that when inequality appears, it is as a problem that can be either eliminated or reduced. It is precisely because inequality appears in different contexts, and because it changes, Sager reasons, that we can begin to perceive the contours and cleavages of inequality in our time. In our century, a political solution to inequality may rest on the recovery of an ethical ideal and egalitarian politics that have long preoccupied the history of Canadian thought.

Inequality

Carles Lalueza-Fox
Inequality Book PDF

Author : Carles Lalueza-Fox
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262046787

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Inequality by Carles Lalueza-Fox Pdf

How genomics reveals deep histories of inequality, going back many thousands of years. Inequality is an urgent global concern, with pundits, politicians, academics, and best-selling books all taking up its causes and consequences. In Inequality, Carles Lalueza-Fox offers an entirely new perspective on the subject, examining the genetic marks left by inequality on humans throughout history. Lalueza-Fox describes genetic studies, made possible by novel DNA sequencing technologies, that reveal layers of inequality in past societies, manifested in patterns of migration, social structures, and funerary practices. Through their DNA, ancient skeletons have much to tell us, yielding anonymous stories of inequality, bias, and suffering. Lalueza-Fox, a leader in paleogenomics, offers the deep history of inequality. He explores the ancestral shifts associated with migration and describes the gender bias unearthed in these migrations—the brutal sexual asymmetries, for example, between male European explorers and the women of Latin America that are revealed by DNA analysis. He considers social structures, and the evidence that high social standing was inherited—the ancient world was not a meritocracy. He untangles social and genetic factors to consider whether wealth is an advantage in reproduction, showing why we are more likely to be descended from a king than a peasant. And he explores the effects of ancient inequality on the human gene pool. Marshaling a range of evidence, Lalueza-Fox shows that understanding past inequalities is key to understanding present ones.

The Inner Level

Richard Wilkinson,Kate Pickett
The Inner Level Book PDF

Author : Richard Wilkinson,Kate Pickett
Publisher : Penguin UK
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780141975405

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The Inner Level by Richard Wilkinson,Kate Pickett Pdf

Why is the incidence of mental illness in the UK twice that in Germany? Why are Americans three times more likely than the Dutch to develop gambling problems? Why is child well-being so much worse in New Zealand than Japan? As this groundbreaking study demonstrates, the answer to all these hinges on inequality. In The Spirit Level Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett put inequality at the centre of public debate by showing conclusively that less-equal societies fare worse than more equal ones across everything from education to life expectancy. The Inner Level now explains how inequality affects us individually, how it alters how we think, feel and behave. It sets out the overwhelming evidence that material inequalities have powerful psychological effects: when the gap between rich and poor increases, so does the tendency to defi ne and value ourselves and others in terms of superiority and inferiority. A deep well of data and analysis is drawn upon to empirically show, for example, that low social status is associated with elevated levels of stress, and how rates of anxiety and depression are intimately related to the inequality which makes that status paramount. Wilkinson and Pickett describe how these responses to hierarchies evolved, and why the impacts of inequality on us are so severe. In doing so, they challenge the conception that humans are innately competitive and self-interested. They undermine, too, the idea that inequality is the product of 'natural' differences in individual ability. This book sheds new light on many of the most urgent problems facing societies today, but it is not just an index of our ills. It demonstrates that societies based on fundamental equalities, sharing and reciprocity generate much higher levels of well-being, and lays out the path towards them.

Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress

Ona Gražina Rakauskienė,Dalia Štreimikienė,Lina Volodzkienė
Excessive Inequality and Socio Economic Progress Book PDF

Author : Ona Gražina Rakauskienė,Dalia Štreimikienė,Lina Volodzkienė
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000612875

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Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress by Ona Gražina Rakauskienė,Dalia Štreimikienė,Lina Volodzkienė Pdf

The growing inequality in the global economy across the planet is reaching unprecedented levels. This book seeks to develop frameworks for the assessment of excessive inequality and its impact on social-economic progress and sustainable development. It begins by summarizing the theoretical approaches of economic inequality, its specificity, and questioning what economic inequality really is and how it progresses. Next, the book explores issues of methodology for addressing the growing excessive economic inequality. It then applies these concepts to examine inequality across a range of the European Union (EU) countries. A variety of factors are considered, such as the impact of economic inequality on socio-economic progress, when normal inequality turns into excessive inequality, and its impact on economic growth, quality of life, and the environmental sustainability across different groups.

Macroeconomic Inequality from Reagan to Trump

Lance Taylor
Macroeconomic Inequality from Reagan to Trump Book PDF

Author : Lance Taylor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108494632

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Macroeconomic Inequality from Reagan to Trump by Lance Taylor Pdf

An innovative approach to measuring inequality providing the first full integration of distributional and macro level data for the US.

Unbound

Heather Boushey
Unbound Book PDF

Author : Heather Boushey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674919310

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Unbound by Heather Boushey Pdf

Many fear that efforts to address inequality will undermine the economy as a whole. But the opposite is true: rising inequality has become a drag on growth and an impediment to market competition. Heather Boushey breaks down the problem and argues that we can preserve our nation's economic traditions while promoting shared economic growth.

Putting Inequality in Context

Christopher Ellis
Putting Inequality in Context Book PDF

Author : Christopher Ellis
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780472130498

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Putting Inequality in Context by Christopher Ellis Pdf

Thinking about political inequality -- Context and inequality in American politics -- Context and political participation -- Class politics and American public opinion -- Political inequality in the United States -- Understanding economic biases in representation -- Political inequality over time -- Putting inequality in context