Defining Personhood

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Defining Personhood

Sarah Bishop Merrill
Defining Personhood Book PDF

Author : Sarah Bishop Merrill
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004494008

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Defining Personhood by Sarah Bishop Merrill Pdf

Many debates in biomedical ethics today involve inconsistencies in defining the key term, person. Both sides of the abortion debate, for instance, beg the question about what constitutes personhood. This book explores the arguments concerning definitions of personhood in the history of modern philosophy, and then constructs a superior model, defined in terms of distinctive features (a theoretical concept borrowed from linguistics). This model is shown to have distinct advantages over the necessary and sufficient condition models of personhood launched by essentialists. Philosophers historically have been correct about what some of the pivotal distinctive features of personhood are, e.q., rationality, communications and self-consciousness, but they have been wrong about the methods of recognizing and asserting personhood, and about the relative importance of feelings. In clinical care, complaints often surface that care is not personal. This book aims to improve care through providing a method of attending to patients as people. Charts in the Appendices show that where physicians attended to personal features important to their patients, sometimes the patients rated the care even higher than the physician did. The book will be useful to health-care providers whose goals include improving quality of care, listening to patients, and preventing malpractice.

Theory of Legal Personhood

Visa A. J. Kurki
Theory of Legal Personhood Book PDF

Author : Visa A. J. Kurki
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780198844037

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Theory of Legal Personhood by Visa A. J. Kurki Pdf

Présentation de l'éditeur: "This work offers a new theory of what it means to be a legal person and suggests that it is best understood as a cluster property. The book explores the origins of legal personhood, the issues afflicting a traditional understanding of the concept, and the numerous debates surrounding the topic."

Personhood

Gary Wiener
Personhood Book PDF

Author : Gary Wiener
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-15
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 1534507655

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Personhood by Gary Wiener Pdf

It might seem unnecessary to define what a person is, but the issue of personhood has been a longstanding source of debate. The scope of personhood has been questioned in many applications, including human slavery, right to life and right to end life, animal rights, bioethics, corporate rights, and theology. It is believed the question will arise again as robots and artificial intelligence become more sophisticated and ingrained in our culture. What makes a person, and who gets to define personhood? Viewpoints in this volume address this fascinating topic from a number of angles.

Personhood in Science Fiction

Juli L. Gittinger
Personhood in Science Fiction Book PDF

Author : Juli L. Gittinger
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030300623

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Personhood in Science Fiction by Juli L. Gittinger Pdf

This book addresses the topic of personhood—who is a “person” or “human,” and what rights or dignities does that include—as it has been addressed through the lens of science fiction. Chapters include discussions of consciousness and the soul, artificial intelligence, dehumanization and othering, and free will. Classic and modern sci-fi texts are engaged, as well as film and television. This book argues that science fiction allows us to examine the profound question of personhood through its speculative and imaginative nature, highlighting issues that are already visible in our present world.

Corporate Personhood

Susanna Kim Ripken
Corporate Personhood Book PDF

Author : Susanna Kim Ripken
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108416528

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Corporate Personhood by Susanna Kim Ripken Pdf

Explores the nature of corporate personhood and how it affects the rights, powers, and influence of corporations in society.

Assaulted Personhood

Craig C. Malbon
Assaulted Personhood Book PDF

Author : Craig C. Malbon
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-14
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780761872443

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Assaulted Personhood by Craig C. Malbon Pdf

In 21st century America, personhood is under daily assault, sometimes with dire consequences. Scientist, ethicist, and ordained minister Craig C. Malbon encourages the reader to consider such assaults on personhood endured by victims of abortion, ageism, Alzheimer’s disease, drug addiction, mental and physical disabilities, gender, gender orientation, racism, sexual preference, identity politics, and our will-to-power over the “other.” In exploring personhood status, Malbon poses difficult questions for us. Is personhood assigned as all-or-nothing, or is it a sliding scale based upon criteria arbitrarily aimed at our vulnerabilities? Does the voiceless embryo and fetus have advocates who can speak to the moral question of abortion? Is the personhood of an economically insecure pregnant woman degraded to the point where lack of access to early termination of pregnancy results in “coercive childbearing?” Does being a member of the LGBTQI+ community target one for assaults on personhood, to the extreme of being killed? In delving into the biology and psychology of assaults of “self” upon the “other,” Malbon sees powerful linkages of everyday assaults on personhood to darker, profound “original sins” that are foundational to the rise of the American empire, i.e., assaults on the indigenous Native Americans and assaults derivative to the institution of slavery upon Africans, African Americans, and their descendants.

Consciousness and the Self

JeeLoo Liu,John Perry
Consciousness and the Self Book PDF

Author : JeeLoo Liu,John Perry
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781107000759

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Consciousness and the Self by JeeLoo Liu,John Perry Pdf

New essays connecting recent scientific studies with traditional issues about the self explored by Descartes, Locke and Hume. Leading philosophers offer contrasting perspectives on the relation between consciousness and self-awareness, and the notion of personhood. Essential reading for philosophers, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists and psychologists.

The Psychology of Personhood

Jack Martin,Mark H. Bickhard
The Psychology of Personhood Book PDF

Author : Jack Martin,Mark H. Bickhard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107018082

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The Psychology of Personhood by Jack Martin,Mark H. Bickhard Pdf

A new examination of the psychology of personhood, which views persons as irreducibly embodied and socially situated beings.

What Does it Mean to be Human? Life, Death, Personhood and the Transhumanist Movement

D. John Doyle
What Does it Mean to be Human Life Death Personhood and the Transhumanist Movement Book PDF

Author : D. John Doyle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319949505

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What Does it Mean to be Human? Life, Death, Personhood and the Transhumanist Movement by D. John Doyle Pdf

This book is a critical examination of the philosophical and moral issues in relation to human enhancement and the various related medical developments that are now rapidly moving from the laboratory into the clinical realm. In the book, the author critically examines technologies such as genetic engineering, neural implants, pharmacologic enhancement, and cryonic suspension from transhumanist and bioconservative positions, focusing primarily on moral issues and what it means to be a human in a setting where technological interventions sometimes impact strongly on our humanity. The author also introduces the notion that death is a process rather than an event, as well as identifies philosophical and clinical limitations in the contemporary determination of brain death as a precursor to organ procurement for transplantation. The discussion on what exactly it means to be dead is later applied to explore philosophical and clinical issues germane to the cryonics movement. Written by a physician/ scientist and heavily referenced to the peer-reviewed medical and scientific literature, the book is aimed at advanced students and academics but should be readable by any intelligent reader willing to carry out some side-reading. No prior knowledge of moral philosophy is assumed, as the various key approaches to moral philosophy are outlined early in the book.

Impersonations

Sheryl Hamilton
Impersonations Book PDF

Author : Sheryl Hamilton
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781442669642

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Impersonations by Sheryl Hamilton Pdf

Personhood is considered at once a sign of legal-political status and of socio-cultural agency, synonymous with the rational individual, subject, or citizen. Yet, in an era of life-extending technologies, genetic engineering, corporate social responsibility, and smart technology, the definition of the person is neither benign nor uncontested. Boundaries that previously worked to secure our place in the social order are blurring as never before. What does it mean, then, to be a person in the twenty-first century? In Impersonations, Sheryl N. Hamilton uses five different kinds of persons - corporations, women, clones, computers, and celebrities - to discuss the instability of the concept of personhood and to examine some of the ways in which broader social anxieties are expressed in these case studies. She suggests that our investment in personhood is greater now than it has been for years, and that our ongoing struggle to define the term is evident in law and popular culture. Using a cultural studies of law approach, the author examines important issues such as whether the person is a gender-neutral concept based on individual rights, the relationship between personhood and the body, and whether persons can be property. Impersonations is a highly original study that brings together legal, philosophical, and cultural expressions of personhood to enliven current debates about our place in the world.

Undisciplined

Nihad Farooq
Undisciplined Book PDF

Author : Nihad Farooq
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-19
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781479839896

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Undisciplined by Nihad Farooq Pdf

In the 19th century, personhood was a term of regulation and discipline in which slaves, criminals, and others, could be “made and unmade." Yet it was precisely the fraught, uncontainable nature of personhood that necessitated its constant legislation, wherein its meaning could be both contested and controlled. Examining scientific and literary narratives, Nihad M. Farooq’s Undisciplined encourages an alternative consideration of personhood, one that emerges from evolutionary and ethnographic discourse. Moving chronologically from 1830 to 1940, Farooq explores the scientific and cultural entanglements of Atlantic travelers in and beyond the Darwin era, and invites us to attend more closely to the consequences of mobility and contact on disciplines and persons. Bringing together an innovative group of readings—from field journals, diaries, letters, and testimonies to novels, stage plays, and audio recordings—Farooq advocates for a reconsideration of science, personhood, and the priority of race for the field of American studies. Whether expressed as narratives of acculturation, or as acts of resistance against the camera, the pen, or the shackle, these stories of the studied subjects of the Atlantic world add a new chapter to debates about personhood and disciplinarity in this era that actively challenged legal, social, and scientific categorizations.

Spirituality and Personhood in Dementia

Albert Jewell
Spirituality and Personhood in Dementia Book PDF

Author : Albert Jewell
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781849051545

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Spirituality and Personhood in Dementia by Albert Jewell Pdf

Offering an inter-disciplinary approach to spirituality and personhood in dementia care, the contributors to this book are leading practitioners and researchers in the field. They provide both a theoretical structure and a practical understanding of the essential role that spirituality can play in the affirmation of personhood and identity.

The Archaeology of Personhood

Chris Fowler
The Archaeology of Personhood Book PDF

Author : Chris Fowler
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0415317215

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The Archaeology of Personhood by Chris Fowler Pdf

The Archaeology of Personhood discusses what it means to be human and, by drawing on examples from European prehistory, discusses the implications that contemporary understandings of personhood have on archaeological interpretation.

Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death

John P. Lizza
Persons Humanity and the Definition of Death Book PDF

Author : John P. Lizza
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2006-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780801888991

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Persons, Humanity, and the Definition of Death by John P. Lizza Pdf

In this riveting and timely work, John P. Lizza presents the first comprehensive analysis of personhood and humanity in the context of defining death. Rejecting the common assumption that human or personal death is simply a biological phenomenon for biologists or physicians to define, Lizza argues that the definition of death is also a matter for metaphysical reflection, moral choice, and cultural acceptance. Lizza maintains that defining death remains problematic because basic ontological, ethical, and cultural issues have never been adequately addressed. Advances in life-sustaining technology and organ transplantation have led to revision of the legal definition of death. It is generally accepted that death occurs when all functions of the brain have ceased. However, legal and clinical cases involving postmortem pregnancy, individuals in permanent vegetative state, those with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia challenge the neurological criteria. Is "brain death" really death? Should the neurological criteria be expanded to include individuals in permanent vegetative state, with anencephaly, and those with severe dementia? What metaphysical, ethical, and cultural considerations are relevant to answering such questions? Although Lizza accepts a pluralistic approach to the legal definition of death, he proposes a nonreductive, substantive view in which persons are understood as "constituted by" human organisms. This view, he argues, provides the best account of human nature as biological, moral, and cultural and supports a consciousness-related formulation of death. Through an analysis of legal and clinical cases and a discussion of alternative concepts of personhood, Lizza casts greater light on the underlying themes of a complex debate.

On Moral Personhood

Richard Eldridge
On Moral Personhood Book PDF

Author : Richard Eldridge
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1989-12-15
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0226203166

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On Moral Personhood by Richard Eldridge Pdf

In this remarkable blend of sophisticated philosophical analysis and close reading of literary texts, Richard Eldridge presents a convincing argument that literature is the most important and richest source of insights in favor of a historicized Kantian moral philosophy. He effectively demonstrates that only through the interpretation of narratives can we test our capacities as persons for acknowledging the moral laws as a formula of value and for acting according to it. Eldridge presents an extensive new interpretation of Kantian ethics that is deeply informed by Kant's aesthetics. He defends a revised version of Kantian universalism and a Kantian conception of the content of morality. Eldridge then turns to literature armed not with any a priori theory but with an interpretive stance inspired by Hegel's phenomenology of self-understanding, more or less naturalized, and by Wittgenstein's work on self-understanding as ongoing narrative-interpretive activity, a stance that yields Kantian results about the universal demands our nature places on itself. Eldridge goes on to present readings of novels by Conrad and Austen and poetry by Wordsworth and Coleridge. In each text protagonists are seen to be struggling with moral conflicts and for self-understanding as moral persons. The route toward partial resolution of their conflicts is seen to involve multiple and ongoing activities of reading and interpreting. The result of this kind of interpretation is that such literature—literature that portrays protagonists as themselves readers and interpreters of human capacities for morality—is a primary source for the development of morally significant self-understanding. We see in the careers of these protagonists that there can be genuine and fruitful moral deliberation and valuable action, while also seeing how situated and partial any understanding and achievement of value must remain. On Moral Personhood at once delineates the moral nature of persons; shows various conditions of the ongoing, contextualized, partial acknowledgment of that nature and of the exercise of the capacities that define it; and enacts an important way of reading literature in relation to moral problems. Eldridge's work will be important reading for moral philosophers (especially those concerned with Kant, Hegel, and issues dividing moral particularists from moral universalists), literary theorists (especially those concerned with the value of literature and its relation to philosophy and to moral problems), and readers and critics of Conrad, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Austen.