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Author : David M. Kummer Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 208 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 1992-06 Category : History ISBN : 0226461696
Deforestation in the Postwar Philippines by David M. Kummer Pdf
The only quantitative deforestation study to focus on one country, this case analysis of the Philippines since 1946 yields more concrete data than previous cross-national studies. David Kummer's close examination of the interactions among political, economic, and cultural factors and their environmental consequences sheds light on similar situations in other countries.
The Social Dynamics of Deforestation in the Philippines by Gerhard van den Top Pdf
This work offers a detailed case study on the dynamics of forest use, degradation, and loss in Northeast Luzon, Philippines. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the study charts the degradation and loss of forest in this area between 1950 and 1990, as it relates to the social and political context of logging, forest migration, and changes in upland agriculture. Based on ten years of research, the author introduces us to the actions, livelihood options, and motives of all the principal group of actors.
Author : Clark C. Gibson,Margaret A. McKean,Elinor Ostrom Publisher : MIT Press Page : 308 pages File Size : 54,6 Mb Release : 2000 Category : Nature ISBN : 0262571374
People and Forests by Clark C. Gibson,Margaret A. McKean,Elinor Ostrom Pdf
People and Forests explores the complex interactions between local communities and their forests, focusing on the rules by which communities govern and manage their forest resources.
States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World by Colin H. Kahl Pdf
Over the past several decades, civil and ethnic wars have undermined prospects for economic and political development, destabilized entire regions of the globe, and left millions dead. States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World argues that demographic and environmental stress--the interactions among rapid population growth, environmental degradation, inequality, and emerging scarcities of vital natural resources--represents one important source of turmoil in today's world. Kahl contends that this type of stress places enormous strains on both societies and governments in poor countries, increasing their vulnerability to armed conflict. He identifies two pathways whereby this process unfolds: state failure and state exploitation. State failure conflicts occur when population growth, environmental degradation, and resource inequality weaken the capacity, legitimacy, and cohesion of governments, thereby expanding the opportunities and incentives for rebellion and intergroup violence. State exploitation conflicts, in contrast, occur when political leaders themselves capitalize on the opportunities arising from population pressures, natural resource scarcities, and related social grievances to instigate violence that serves their parochial interests. Drawing on a wide array of social science theory, this book argues that demographically and environmentally induced conflicts are most likely to occur in countries that are deeply split along ethnic, religious, regional, or class lines, and which have highly exclusive and discriminatory political systems. The empirical portion of the book evaluates the theoretical argument through in-depth case studies of civil strife in the Philippines, Kenya, and numerous other countries. The book concludes with an analysis of the challenges demographic and environmental change will pose to international security in the decades ahead.
A Computable General Equilibrium Model for Environment Policy Analysis by Luz Centeno Stenberg,Mahinda Siriwardana Pdf
The deterioration of forest resources and poor economic performance in the Philippines calls for a serious rethinking in economic policies addressing both environmental and economic objectives. In order to protect the Philippine forests, the government implemented the Master Plan for Forestry Development covering a 25-year period (i.e. 1991-2015). However, after 16 years of implementation, the Philippine forestry industry has experienced a further reduction in production and in areas devoted to old-growth forests. The annual allowable cut remains excessive as it was prior to 1990. This proves to be an important forestry policy instrument as the findings in this book suggest that the volume of timber or the rate of deforestation is directly affected by the annual allowable cut rather than by population growth and poverty. The recent economic literature suggests the possibility of attaining both macroeconomic growth and sustainability in natural resource use. To examine the economy-wide effects of the Master Plan and the plausibility of attaining sustainable growth, a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is developed with an appended forestry sub-model adopted from Dee (1991). The research found that given steady-state in forestry, the Dee model can serve as a simple representation of forest growth. However, in the context of positive environmental services and non-steady state growth in forestry, the Dee model might be inappropriate. Given the present land use arrangements in the Philippines, the book suggests that the country will meet both objectives of growth and conservation via a combination of a reduction in forestry discount rate and a uniform reduction in sectoral tariffs. Despite the positive effect of uniform tariff reduction on gross domestic product, employment in some sectors is negatively affected particularly that of farmers, fishers and foresters. This indicates the significance of reforestation as an employment generation tool, notwithstanding its benefits towards resource and soil conservation. In general, forest conservation can be achieved with minimal economic sacrifice. Therefore, depending on the capability of the Philippine government to enforce land use policies, a direct set-aside program (national parks) and the implementation of selective logging programs can assist in the regeneration and perpetuation of the Philippine forest. The aim of the book is to illustrate the application of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models in analysing environmental issues, specifically deforestation in countries with limited access to primary/secondary data. It is an outcome of a government funded research project on deforestation in developing economies. We hope that this book will appeal to policy makers, politicians, academics, government officials especially in developing countries, post-graduate students interested in applied general equilibrium research and the like. The book brings into light a state-of-the-art CGE model with empirical applications into forestry policies in a developing Asian economy. Hence the analytical methodology and the empirical policy analysis have a greater applicability to many countries in Asia and beyond where deforestation has become a critical dynamic issue. This book can also be used as a textbook, in advanced courses in economic modeling at graduate level in universities.
The Future of Philippine Agriculture under a Changing Climate by Mark W. Rosegrant,Mercedita A. Sombilla Pdf
The Philippine economy has grown rapidly since 2010, but despite this growth, poverty and inequality remain high. Two-thirds of the poor live in rural areas, and the weak performance of the agriculture sector has contributed to the slow improvement in livelihoods. The challenge for agriculture will further increase, with climate change posing a growing threat to the sector. But agricultural transformation to spur sustained growth and reduce poverty is still possible under climate change with aggressive institutional reforms and implementation of the right mix of policies and programmes. The identification of the suitable policy and programme combination requires an accurate assessment of the key drivers of agricultural growth and food security; the impacts of climate change on agriculture and the overall economy; and the effectiveness of policies for adaptation and growth. This book addresses these big issues, focusing on enhancing the adaptation capacity of the Philippine agriculture sector. It is designed to provide a much-needed base of knowledge and menu of policy options to support decision- and policymaking on agriculture, climate change, and food security. The volume uses newly generated data, modelling outputs, and innovative analyses to provide a scientific basis for a variety of adaptation measures under different sets of climate change scenarios to guide decision-makers in strategic planning and policy formulation. “As we have actually experienced in Leyte, an island province in the Visayas where Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) struck, disasters caused by natural hazards could completely negate economic gains, devastate families and shatter dreams. Our greatest challenge is to make ourselves better prepared for and be more resilient to such disasters. Natural hazards need not always lead to loss of so many lives and properties. This book shows us ways and provides tools to draw up climate change and socioeconomic scenarios at the regional and provincial levels, allowing us to identify strategies for mitigating climate change risks.” — Ernesto M. Pernia, Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning, National Economic and Development Authority, Philippines “This book by top Philippine researchers combines state-of-the-art biophysical and economic modeling of climate impacts and adaptation policies with in-depth synthesis of agriculture, natural resources, climate trends, and policies. It provides a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture and the broader economy to provide important insights for Philippine policymakers.” — Dr Cynthia Rosenzweig, Head, Climate Impacts Group, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Co-Founder of the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP)
Historical Dictionary of the Philippines by Artemio R. Guillermo Pdf
The Historical Dictionary of the Philippines, Third Edition contains a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and several hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries.
Sustainable Forestry Challenges for Developing Countries by Matti Palo,G. Mery Pdf
This book is an outcome of a research project on "Sustainable Forestry and the Environment in Developing Countries". The project has been run by Metsantutki muslaitos METLA -the Finnish Forest Research Institute since 1987 and will be completed this year. A major output by this project has so far been a report in three volumes on "Deforestation or development in the Third World?" The purpose of our multidisciplinary research project is to generate new knowl edge about the causes of deforestation, its scenarios and consequences. More knowledge is needed for more effective, efficient and equitable public policy, both at the national and intemationallevels in supporting sustainable forestry in develop ing countries. Our project has specifically focused on 90 tropical countries as one group and on three subgroups by continents, as well as the three case study countries, the Philippines, Ethiopia and Chile. The University of Joensuu has been our active partner in the Philippine study. We have complemented the three cases by the analyzes of Brazil and Indonesia, the two largest tropical forest-owning countries. Some other interesting country studies were annexed to complement our book both by geography and expertise. The United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, UNUIWIDER in Helsinki Finland has also been partly engaged. Most of the results from its project on "The Forest in the South and North in Context of Global Warming" will, however, be published later in a separate book.
The Philippine Economy by Arsenio M. Balisacan,Hal Hill Pdf
This book examines all major facets of the Philippine economy and development policy. Contributors to this volume look both to the past and to the future, and their approaches are variously descriptive, analytical, interpretive, and comparative. The book assesses trends since the 1980s, identifies major policy issues, and provides a balance sheet of achievements and deficiencies over the past decade and beyond. It highlights future challenges that need to be addressed if the country is to embark on a sustainable, durable, and equitable growth trajectory. The book also offers lessons from the country's development experience which may be relevant for many countries at the present time. The volume has particular relevance for the country's policymakers, academics and the business community, and will also appeal to a broader international audience.
"The Philippines was once famous for the beauty of its reef-ringed islands, white beaches, and lush forests. In less than a half-century, its forests were felled, its oceans over-fished, and its coral reefs destroyed. The rapid harvest of once-abundant resources has brought droughts, deadly flash floods, and the collapse of vital fisheries. As the rural economy weakened and millions migrated to cities, they overwhelmed the urban infrastructure. Today, the Philippines stands as an example of the profound and sweeping consequences of ecological decline. In The Green Tiger, Barbara Goldoftas documents this tragic trajectory. But hers is not a story of hopelessness and inevitable defeat. In lyrical, unflinching prose, she traces the struggle for conservation in the Philippines, from isolated villages to large cities, and in the process illustrates the surprising ways in which conservation and economic growth can effectively co-exist."--Publisher's website.
