Democracy And Deterrence Foundations For An Enduring World Peace
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Democracy and Deterrence: Foundations for an Enduring World Peace by Walter Gary Sharp Pdf
Two fundamental strategies are necessary to create lasting peace in the world: facilitating the spread of democracy and maintaining comprehensive deterrence mechanisms targeted at individual world leaders. Sharp surveys conventional approaches to avoiding war and presents evidence to validate the democratic peace principle (the notion that democracies are inherently more peaceful than non-democracies) and the incentive theory of war avoidance, formulated by John Norton Moore. Sharp proposes a mathematical formula that can be used to predict the probability of peace for a given nation. Comprehensive tables collate data from multiple sources on freedom and human development in nations around the world.
Dr. Sharp argues that two fundamental strategies are necessary to create lasting peace in the world: facilitating the spread of democracy and maintaining comprehensive deterrence mechanisms targeted at individual world leaders. He surveys conventional approaches to avoiding war and presents evidence to validate the democratic peace principle (the notion that democracies are inherently more peaceful than nondemocracies) and the incentive theory of war avoidance, formulated by John Norton Moore. Dr. Sharp proposes a mathematical formula that can be used to predict the probability of peace for a given nation. Comprehensive tables collate data from multiple sources on freedom and human development in nations around the world.
Democracy and Deterrence by Air University Press,Walter Gary Sharp Pdf
Dr. Sharp argues that two fundamental strategies are necessary to create lasting peace in the world: facilitating the spread of democracy and maintaining comprehensive deterrence mechanisms targeted at individual world leaders. He surveys conventional approaches to avoiding war and presents evidence to validate the democratic peace principle (the notion that democracies are inherently more peaceful than nondemocracies) and the incentive theory of war avoidance, formulated by John Norton Moore. Dr. Sharp proposes a mathematical formula that can be used to predict the probability of peace for a given nation. Comprehensive tables collate data from multiple sources on freedom and human development in nations around the world.
Democracy and Deterrence by Walter Gary Sharp Sr. Pdf
The causes of armed conflict have historically been viewed in primarily sociological terms, with political, religious, economic, and military factors sharing primacy. Few have examined the causes of warfare in the context of a deterrence model or, specifically, the deterrence factors inherent in the checks and balances of a democratic state and the absence of such factors in the nondemocratic state. More significantly, none before Prof. John Norton Moore has argued the value of democratic principles in deterrence and conflict avoidance. In this important book, Dr. Gary Sharp analyzes the concepts in Moore's seminal work The War Puzzle (2005), which describes Moore's incentive theory of war avoidance. Sharp carefully dissects Moore's deterrence model and examines those incentives that discourage nondemocratic governments from pursuing violent conflicts. Arguing that existing democracies must make an active effort to foster the political environment in which new democracies can develop, Sharp discusses the elements critical to promoting democratization and thus strengthening systemwide deterrence at the state and international levels. Sharp also examines the incentives for conflict avoidance (internal checks and balances) inherent in the democratic state and their relationship to war avoidance. In examining current democracies and comparing them statistically to nondemocratic states, Sharp calculates an aggregated index value of democracy based upon respected databases that rank the jurisdictions of the world on political rights, civil liberties, media independence, religious freedom, economic freedom, and human development. Demonstrating through his analysis that democracies are inherently more peaceful because of the internal checks and balances on the aggressive use of force, Sharp similarly demonstrates how nondemocracies require external checks and balances to preclude aggression. Sharp's analysis and validation of Moore's incentive theory of war avoidance is critical to an understanding of those foreign policy strategies that the United States and other democratic nations must embrace as they attempt to reverse a course of history in which 38.5 million war deaths were recorded in the twentieth century alone. By demonstrating how democracy, economic freedom, and the rule of law provide essential mechanisms to deter leaders from precipitous decisions concerning the use of force, Sharp has provided an invaluable service to the statesman and international lawyer alike.
Hegemony and Democracy is constructed around the question of whether hegemony is sustainable, especially when the hegemon is a democratic state. The book draws on earlier publications over Bruce Russett’s long career and features new chapters that show the continuing relevance of his scholarship. In examining hegemony during and after the Cold War, it addresses: The importance of domestic politics in the formulation of foreign policy; The benefits and costs of seeking security through military power at the expense of expanding networks of shared national and transnational institutions; The incentives of other states to bandwagon with a strong but unthreatening hegemon and 'free-ride' on benefits it may provide rather than to balance against a powerful hegemon. The degree to which hegemony and democracy undermine or support each other. By applying theories of collective action and foreign policy, Russett explores the development of American hegemony and the prospects for a democratic hegemon to retain its influence during the coming decades. This collection is an essential volume for students and scholars of International Relations, American Politics, and US Foreign Policy.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Barack Obama, 2009, Book 1 by Anonim Pdf
Each Public Papers volume contains the papers and speeches of the President of the United States issued by the Office of the Press Secretary during the specified time period. The material is presented in chronological order, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the text note. The appendixes in each Public Papers volume provide listings of a digest of the Presdient's daily schedule and meetings, when announced, and other items of general interest issed by the Officeof the Press Secretary; The President's nominations submitted to the Senate; A checklist of materials released by the Office of the Press Secretary that are not printed full-text in the book; and a table of Proclamations, Executive orders, and other Presidential documents released by the Office of the Press Secretary and published in the Federal Register.
Examining War and Conflict around the World by David Jerome Ph.D. Pdf
This volume addresses 10 issues pertaining to war and conflict, such as ethics of war, national security, and refugees, and examines how countries around the world are facing these issues. To truly explore war and conflict, one must consider why the peoples and the leaders of the world behave the way that they do toward one another. For instance, why are refugees, in a variety of circumstances, treated so inhumanely in times of conflict and unrest through no fault of their own? How are women and those in the LGBTQ community treated in terms of service to their country? Examining War and Conflict around World includes ten chapters, each addressing a specific issue relating to war and conflict as it pertains to a variety of countries, including anti-Americanism, military robots and drones, nuclear weapons and proliferation, and torture. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the issue. Following the chapter introduction, each chapter highlights that issue in eight countries. Chapters provide historical perspective, but the book addresses each of the issues in a contemporary context. This work will provide an overview for all readers of ten very important topics that address matters relating to war and conflict in the twenty-first century.
Africa's Quiet Revolution Observed from Nigeri by Dominic Okereke Pdf
This book prescribes rapid revolution in principal sectors of this African economy through radical paradigm changes. And the resultant comprehensive transformation will guarantee significantly higher productivities and double digit annual economic growth. Included in this paradigm shift is the joint reindustrialization of the African economy and the US ailing industries via a new Strategic trans-Atlantic Alliance modeled on the balanced Euro-US cooperation after World War II. But it first takes readers through a thorough evaluation of the familiar subject - corruption - which haunts Nigeria, the principal economy in the continent. The fundamental difference with other texts on the subject is that this book identifies the most debilitating variant of that corruption. That variant causes massive capital flight from a post-colonial "soft economy" that is neither capitalist nor socialist. The Nigerian corruption thrives on the native Philosophy of Commission hardened by intractable "tribalism" that coagulated and ossified with the imports substitution pattern preferred by European firms since independence. The book then proceeds to earn its priced revolutionary credential by inventing very novel scientific methods that will skillfully turn this insidious source of structural rigidity and arrested development into a force for economic growth. A new apex political leadership culture is recommended and to be fortified with a unifying lingua franca. An inter-ethnic marriage melting-pot is advised for intensified nigerianization of Nigerian youths at birth. Spiritual diversity is envisaged to significantly diminish religious intolerance and sectarian violence. Modern bureaucracy and inward-looking tourism are reformulated to reduce effervescent insecurity and minimize capital flight. The resultant economic stability will enlarge domestic/foreign investment inflow; and will reverse the current dis-industrialization, and massive job loss, and the conditions of under-full employment. Technological Functionalism, Economic pan-Africanism, and the Alternative Policy of Inputs Substitution are among the several brand new blueprints that this book offers for the extensive transformation of Africa's economy into the robust emerging economy that will rival its counterparts in India and China in the immediate future.
A World Safe for Democracy by G. John Ikenberry Pdf
A sweeping account of the rise and evolution of liberal internationalism in the modern era For two hundred years, the grand project of liberal internationalism has been to build a world order that is open, loosely rules-based, and oriented toward progressive ideas. Today this project is in crisis, threatened from the outside by illiberal challengers and from the inside by nationalist-populist movements. This timely book offers the first full account of liberal internationalism’s long journey from its nineteenth-century roots to today’s fractured political moment. Creating an international “space” for liberal democracy, preserving rights and protections within and between countries, and balancing conflicting values such as liberty and equality, openness and social solidarity, and sovereignty and interdependence—these are the guiding aims that have propelled liberal internationalism through the upheavals of the past two centuries. G. John Ikenberry argues that in a twenty-first century marked by rising economic and security interdependence, liberal internationalism—reformed and reimagined—remains the most viable project to protect liberal democracy.
Thinking about Deterrence by Air Univeristy Press Pdf
With many scholars and analysts questioning the relevance of deterrence as a valid strategic concept, this volume moves beyond Cold War nuclear deterrence to show the many ways in which deterrence is applicable to contemporary security. It examines the possibility of applying deterrence theory and practice to space, to cyberspace, and against non-state actors. It also examines the role of nuclear deterrence in the twenty-first century and reaches surprising conclusions.
Congressional Record by United States. Congress Pdf
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
