Demographic Dividends Emerging Challenges And Policy Implications

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Demographic Dividends: Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications

Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande
Demographic Dividends Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications Book PDF

Author : Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande
Publisher : Springer
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319327099

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Demographic Dividends: Emerging Challenges and Policy Implications by Roberta Pace,Roberto Ham-Chande Pdf

This book examines potential economic opportunities that countries can experience when fertility rates fall and the average life expectancy of the working age population increases. It presents detailed demographic and economic analysis of middle-income countries throughout the world in order to show how these countries can take advantage of this demographic bonus. The book first traces the common link between policies that contribute to fertility transition as well as create the right kind of environment for reaping the benefit of demographic dividend. Next, it explores different countries and regions who are at different levels of development. It assesses the long term impact of gender equality on economic growth and development in Latin America; describes the life-cycle saving patterns of Mexican households; and examines demographic determinants of economic growth in BRICS. The book also offers demographic and economic analysis of the Mediterranean area, Sub-Saharan Africa, and New Zealand. The comparison between the different territorial contexts allow for the identification of three typologies of demographic dividend: the first dividend, when the working population grows faster than total population, the second dividend, as active generations get older and invest their savings in the production system of their country, and the third dividend, based on the coexistence of two populations age structure strongly contrasting. Overall, this book argues for the need to capitalize on the opportunities that come from the demographic dividend by investing heavily in education programs, training programs for the population working age, health programs, the creation of health insurance systems as well as programs to reduce or increase fertility levels.

The Demographic Dividend

David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
The Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003-02-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780833033734

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The Demographic Dividend by David Bloom,David Canning,Jaypee Sevilla Pdf

There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

Towards a Better Global Economy

Franklin Allen,Jere R. Behrman,Nancy Birdsall,Shahrokh Fardoust,Dani Rodrik,Andrew Steer,Arvind Subramanian
Towards a Better Global Economy Book PDF

Author : Franklin Allen,Jere R. Behrman,Nancy Birdsall,Shahrokh Fardoust,Dani Rodrik,Andrew Steer,Arvind Subramanian
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191035135

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Towards a Better Global Economy by Franklin Allen,Jere R. Behrman,Nancy Birdsall,Shahrokh Fardoust,Dani Rodrik,Andrew Steer,Arvind Subramanian Pdf

Substantial progress in the fight against extreme poverty was made in the last two decades. But the slowdown in global economic growth and significant increases in income inequality in many developed and developing countries raise serious concerns about the continuation of this trend into the 21st century. The time has come to seriously think about how improvements in official global governance, coupled with and reinforced by rising activism of 'global citizens' can lead to welfare-enhancing and more equitable results for global citizens through better national and international policies. This book examines the factors that are most likely to facilitate the process of beneficial economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It examines past, present, and future economic growth; demographic changes; the hyperglobalization of trade; the effect of finance on growth; climate change and resource depletion; and the sense of global citizenship and the need for global governance in order to draw longer-term implications, identify policy options for improving the lives of average citizens around the world, and make the case for the need to confront new challenges with truly global policy responses. The book documents how demographic changes, convergence, and competition are likely to bring about massive shifts in the sectoral and geographical composition of global output and employment, as the center of gravity of the global economy moves toward Asia and emerging economies elsewhere. It shows that the legacies of the 2008-09 crisis-high unemployment levels, massive excess capacities, and high debt levels-are likely to reduce the standard of living of millions of people in many countries over a long period of adjustment and that fluctuations in international trade, financial markets, and commodity prices, as well as the tendency of institutions at both the national and international level to favor the interests of the better-off and more powerful pose substantial risks for citizens of all countries. The chapters and their policy implications are intended to stimulate public interest and facilitate the exchange of ideas and policy dialogue.

Realising the Demographic Dividend

Santosh Mehrotra
Realising the Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : Santosh Mehrotra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781316843314

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Realising the Demographic Dividend by Santosh Mehrotra Pdf

This book discusses policies to achieve inclusive growth in India and realise the demographic dividend, which will end by 2040 when India will become an aging society. India is the world's fastest growing large economy, but jobs are not growing equally rapidly. The size of India's youth workforce is worrying, and the largely informal workforce is not covered by social insurance. Universal elementary education, despite the Right to Education Act 2009, is yet to be achieved. Health outcomes have improved only slowly over the years. Furthermore, sanitation still remains a very serious problem. As an economist and former policy-maker, the author discusses specific policies to address these problems, well beyond what is currently being practised. The book also deals with the governance issues that need to be addressed before inclusive growth can be attained.

Mediterranean Migration and the Labour Markets

Salvatore Capasso,Eugenia Ferragina
Mediterranean Migration and the Labour Markets Book PDF

Author : Salvatore Capasso,Eugenia Ferragina
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351365963

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Mediterranean Migration and the Labour Markets by Salvatore Capasso,Eugenia Ferragina Pdf

This book focuses on issues that are relevant for the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. The depth and the extension of the current political crisis in the area have changed the perspectives of conventional Euro-Mediterranean integration policies. The book provides the grounds for new patterns of analysis and addresses policy guidelines which are able to respond to the dramatic challenges that Mediterranean regions are facing. By implementing a multidisciplinary approach, the volume uncovers the structural determinants of migrations in the area: territorial and social imbalances, climate change, unemployment, weak institutions, poor governance, lack of efficient redistributive policies. Each chapter proposes innovative and rich analyses of the socio-economic conditions of all Mediterranean countries. The prevailing evidence suggests that while the North-South imbalances still persist inside the basin, the recent world economic and financial crises have deepened social, intergenerational and gender inequalities. These inequalities cross all territories both nationally and internationally and affect the living conditions of large segments of population in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. To bridge these gaps it is necessary to strengthen territorial cohesion, reduce income differentials, and improve the access of marginal areas to basic infrastructure. These long term goals can be achieved through an inclusive development model for which young people and women can enjoy the same opportunities of education and work. Offering innovative and practical guidelines for future programs and policies, this book is essential reading for policy makers, researchers at policy think tanks as well as academics and post graduate students of Mediterranean studies and Economic Policy. The general policy recipes, provided to govern migration flows, make useful reading for national and international research centres and major governmental agencies interested in migration issues.

Labor Markets, Migration, and Mobility

William Cochrane,Michael P. Cameron,Omoniyi Alimi
Labor Markets Migration and Mobility Book PDF

Author : William Cochrane,Michael P. Cameron,Omoniyi Alimi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811592751

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Labor Markets, Migration, and Mobility by William Cochrane,Michael P. Cameron,Omoniyi Alimi Pdf

This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.

GIS and Machine Learning for Small Area Classifications in Developing Countries

Adegbola Ojo
GIS and Machine Learning for Small Area Classifications in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Adegbola Ojo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000289398

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GIS and Machine Learning for Small Area Classifications in Developing Countries by Adegbola Ojo Pdf

Since the emergence of contemporary area classifications, population geography has witnessed a renaissance in the area of policy related spatial analysis. Area classifications subsume geodemographic systems which often use data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms to simplify large and complex bodies of information about people and the places in which they live, work and undertake other social activities. Outputs developed from the grouping of small geographical areas on the basis of multi- dimensional data have proved beneficial particularly for decision-making in the commercial sectors of a vast number of countries in the northern hemisphere. This book argues that small area classifications offer countries in the Global South a distinct opportunity to address human population policy related challenges in novel ways using area-based initiatives and evidence-based methods. This book exposes researchers, practitioners, and students to small area segmentation techniques for understanding, interpreting, and visualizing the configuration, dynamics, and correlates of development policy challenges at small spatial scales. It presents strategic and operational responses to these challenges in cost effective ways. Using two developing countries as case studies, the book connects new transdisciplinary ways of thinking about social and spatial inequalities from a scientific perspective with GIS and Data Science. This offers all stakeholders a framework for engaging in practical dialogue on development policy within urban and rural settings, based on real-world examples. Features: The first book to address the huge potential of small area segmentation for sustainable development, combining explanations of concepts, a range of techniques, and current applications. Includes case studies focused on core challenges that confront developing countries and provides thorough analytical appraisal of issues that resonate with audiences from the Global South. Combines GIS and machine learning methods for studying interrelated disciplines such as Demography, Urban Science, Sociology, Statistics, Sustainable Development and Public Policy. Uses a multi-method approach and analytical techniques of primary and secondary data. Embraces a balanced, chronological, and well sequenced presentation of information, which is very practical for readers.

When We're Sixty-Four

Rafael Rofman,Ignacio Apella
When We re Sixty Four Book PDF

Author : Rafael Rofman,Ignacio Apella
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781464816055

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When We're Sixty-Four by Rafael Rofman,Ignacio Apella Pdf

Latin American countries are in the midst of a demographic transition and, as a consequence, a population-aging process. Over the next few decades, the number of children will decline relative to the number of older adults. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality rates, given increases in life expectancy and fertility. These trends reflect welcome long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. But this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions—including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations—are designed for a different demographic context and will need to be adapted. When We’re Sixty-Four discusses public policies aimed at overcoming the two main challenges facing Latin American countries concerning the changing demographics. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services, such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other, population aging produces shifts in the proportion of the population that is working age, which may affect long-term economic growth. Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower savings rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates creates a period in which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term because the higher savings may result in increases in capital endowment per worker and productivity. For that to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, accelerating per capita economic growth in a sustainable way.

Youth Participation in the Caribbean

Terri-Ann Gilbert-Roberts
Youth Participation in the Caribbean Book PDF

Author : Terri-Ann Gilbert-Roberts
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000550054

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Youth Participation in the Caribbean by Terri-Ann Gilbert-Roberts Pdf

Critically examining narratives of participation in governance and development, this volume adds Caribbean voices and experiences to the global discourse on youth participation. The essays provide empirical case studies of institutions, practices and processes of youth engagement in the politics of Caribbean development, orienting the reader to the political culture of the Caribbean and the position of youth within small societies. Covering experiences at intergovernmental, national and local levels, as well as formal and informal modes of participation, it examines how young people have organised themselves or have been organised to engage with the state and with community agents in politics, public policy and activism. It illustrates the heterogeneity of youth political participation, employing multi- disciplinary, multi- level and mixed- method analyses from the fields of demography, political science, social policy, development studies and youth development. Critical themes addressed include regional governance, democratic representation, online engagement, local governance and community development. In exploring these themes, the book discusses the legitimacy and inclusiveness of governance in relation to age, gender, race, geography and socio-economic status. The findings will be useful to students, researchers and policymakers alike who are keen to improve governance and contribute to inclusive sustainable development in the Caribbean.

Political Demography

Jack A. Goldstone,Eric P. Kaufmann,Monica Duffy Toft
Political Demography Book PDF

Author : Jack A. Goldstone,Eric P. Kaufmann,Monica Duffy Toft
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199945962

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Political Demography by Jack A. Goldstone,Eric P. Kaufmann,Monica Duffy Toft Pdf

The field of political demography - the politics of population change - is dramatically underrepresented in political science. At a time when demographic changes - aging in the rich world, youth bulges in the developing world, ethnic and religious shifts, migration, and urbanization - are waxing as never before, this neglect is especially glaring and starkly contrasts with the enormous interest coming from policymakers and the media. "Ten years ago, [demography] was hardly on the radar screen," remarks Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, two contributors to this volume. "Today," they continue, "it dominates almost any discussion of America's long-term fiscal, economic, or foreign-policy direction." Demography is the most predictable of the social sciences: children born in the last five years will be the new workers, voters, soldiers, and potential insurgents of 2025 and the political elites of the 2050s. Whether in the West or the developing world, political scientists urgently need to understand the tectonics of demography in order to grasp the full context of today's political developments. This book begins to fill the gap from a global and historical perspective and with the hope that scholars and policymakers will take its insights on board to develop enlightened policies for our collective future.

The Demographic Dividend

Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mr.Ashoka Mody
The Demographic Dividend Book PDF

Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mr.Ashoka Mody
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781455217885

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The Demographic Dividend by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar,Mr.Ashoka Mody Pdf

Large cohorts of young adults are poised to add to the working-age population of developing economies. Despite much interest in the consequent growth dividend, the size and circumstances of the potential gains remain under-explored. This study makes progress by focusing on India, which will be the largest individual contributor to the global demographic transition ahead. It exploits the variation in the age structure of the population across Indian states to identify the demographic dividend. The main finding is that there is a large and significant growth impact of both the level and growth rate of the working age ratio. This result is robust to a variety of empirical strategies, including a correction for inter-state migration. The results imply that a substantial fraction of the growth acceleration that India has experienced since the 1980s - sometimes ascribed exclusively to economic reforms - is attributable to changes in the country’s age structure. Moreover, the demographic dividend could add about 2 percentage points per annum to India’s per capita GDP growth over the next two decades. With the future expansion of the working age ratio concentrated in some of India’s poorest states, income convergence may well speed up, a theme likely to recur on the global stage.

Africa's Demographic Transition

David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck
Africa s Demographic Transition Book PDF

Author : David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464804908

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Africa's Demographic Transition by David Canning,Sangeeta Raja,Abdo S. Yazbeck Pdf

Africa is poised on the edge of a potential takeoff to sustained economic growth. This takeoff can be abetted by a demographic dividend from the changes in population age structure. Declines in child mortality, followed by declines in fertility, produce a 'bulge' generation and a large number of working age people, giving a boost to the economy. In the short run lower fertility leads to lower youth dependency rates and greater female labor force participation outside the home. Smaller family sizes also mean more resources to invest in the health and education per child boosting worker productivity. In the long run increased life spans from health improvements mean that this large, high-earning cohort will also want to save for retirement, creating higher savings and investments, leading to further productivity gains. Two things are required for the demographic dividend to generate an African economic takeoff. The first is to speed up the fertility decline that is currently slow or stalled in many countries. The second is economic policies that take advantage of the opportunity offered by demography. While demographic change can produce more, and high quality, workers, this potential workforce needs to be productively employed if Africa is to reap the dividend. However, once underway, the relationship between demographic change and human development works in both directions, creating a virtuous cycle that can accelerate fertility decline, social development, and economic growth. Empirical evidence points to three key factors for speeding the fertility transition: child health, female education, and women's empowerment, particularly through access to family planning. Harnessing the dividend requires job creation for the large youth cohorts entering working age, and encouraging foreign investment until domestic savings and investment increase. The appropriate mix of policies in each country depends on their stage of the demographic transition.

The 21st Century Singularity and Global Futures

Andrey V. Korotayev,David J. LePoire
The 21st Century Singularity and Global Futures Book PDF

Author : Andrey V. Korotayev,David J. LePoire
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030337308

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The 21st Century Singularity and Global Futures by Andrey V. Korotayev,David J. LePoire Pdf

This book introduces a 'Big History' perspective to understand the acceleration of social, technological and economic trends towards a near-term singularity, marking a radical turning point in the evolution of our planet. It traces the emergence of accelerating innovation rates through global history and highlights major historical transformations throughout the evolution of life, humans, and civilization. The authors pursue an interdisciplinary approach, also drawing on concepts from physics and evolutionary biology, to offer potential models of the underlying mechanisms driving this acceleration, along with potential clues on how it might progress. The contributions gathered here are divided into five parts, the first of which studies historical mega-trends in relation to a variety of aspects including technology, population, energy, and information. The second part is dedicated to a variety of models that can help understand the potential mechanisms, and support extrapolation. In turn, the third part explores various potential future scenarios, along with the paths and decisions that are required. The fourth part presents philosophical perspectives on the potential deeper meaning and implications of the trend towards singularity, while the fifth and last part discusses the implications of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars from various disciplines interested in historical trends, technological change and evolutionary processes.

World Population to 2300

Anonim
World Population to 2300 Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : New York : United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015061385798

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World Population to 2300 by Anonim Pdf

Based on the 2002 Revision, the Population Division has adopted 2 major innovations for this new set of long-range population projections. For the first time the long-range projections are made at the national level and the time horizon for the projections is extended to 2300.

Finance & Development, June 2020

International Monetary Fund
Finance Development June 2020 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513543666

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Finance & Development, June 2020 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Finance & Development, June 2020