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Author : D. E. Campbell
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9251024804
Author : D. E. Campbell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Agricultural development projects
ISBN : UOM:39015055712072
Author : D. E. Campbell
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821329952
World Bank Technical Paper No. 256. World Bank lending contributes substantially to financing irrigation investments around the world. Asia has been the chief recipient of such World Bank lending, receiving 70 percent. India alone accounts for 27 p
Author : International Rice Research Institute
Publisher : Int. Rice Res. Inst.
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Agriculture and state
ISBN : 9789711040260
Planning and design of irrigation systems; management, operation, and maintenance of irrigation systems;economic analyses of irrigation; organization of irrigation activities and behavior of irrigators.
Author : Randolph Barker
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Irrigation
ISBN : 9789290905608
Author : D. E. Campbell
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : RUTGERS:39030033037930
Author : B. Albinson,C. J. Perry
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Farms, Small
ISBN : 9789290904717
Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand†schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured†system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.
Author : Jean-Philippe Venot,Marcel Kuper,Margreet Zwarteveen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781134989829
Initially associated with hi-tech irrigated agriculture, drip irrigation is now being used by a much wider range of farmers in emerging and developing countries. This book documents the enthusiasm, spread and use of drip irrigation systems by smallholders but also some disappointments and disillusion faced in the global South. It explores and explains under which conditions it works, for whom and with what effects. The book deals with drip irrigation 'behind the scenes', showcasing what largely remain 'untold stories'. Most research on drip irrigation use plot-level studies to demonstrate the technology’s ability to save water or improve efficiencies and use a narrow and rather prescriptive engineering or economic language. They tend to be grounded in a firm belief in the technology and focus on the identification of ways to improve or better realize its potential. The technology also figures prominently in poverty alleviation or agricultural modernization narratives, figuring as a tool to help smallholders become more innovative, entrepreneurial and business minded. Instead of focusing on its potential, this book looks at drip irrigation-in-use, making sense of what it does from the perspectives of the farmers who use it, and of the development workers and agencies, policymakers, private companies, local craftsmen, engineers, extension agents or researchers who engage with it for a diversity of reasons and to realize a multiplicity of objectives. While anchored in a sound engineering understanding of the design and operating principles of the technology, the book extends the analysis beyond engineering and hydraulics to understand drip irrigation as a sociotechnical phenomenon that not only changes the way water is supplied to crops but also transforms agricultural farming systems and even how society is organized. The book provides field evidence from a diversity of interdisciplinary case studies in sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, and South Asia, thus revealing some of the untold stories of drip irrigation.
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251032653
Author : Elinor Ostrom,W. F. Lam,Prachanda Pradhan
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780857938022
'A unique and significant longitudinal study of irrigation intervention in FMIS in Nepal that revives important debates on how irrigation management evolves and how this can be investigated. This concise and accessible book can inform and challenge agencies and donors to reflect on policies and researchers to argue further the study of collective action and political theory in irrigation management.' – Linden Vincent, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 'Improving Irrigation in Asia by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues is grounded in intimate detail on water management experience in Nepal while being informed by broadly-applicable concepts and behavioral theories. It greatly advances our understanding of management options and effects. As the water resources available for agriculture become more limited and unreliable, the efficiency and productivity with which irrigation water is used must be increased. While better technology can assist in this quest, the greatest potential gains lie in the social and organizational domains.' – Norman Uphoff, Cornell University, US 'Governance of irrigation systems is complex, needing social, technical and financial actions that support farming. Few people have as much knowledge of self-governing irrigation systems as these authors, and few countries have as many of these systems as Nepal. Lessons from these small irrigation systems can be adapted to much larger units, and to other kinds of activity. External assistance on a modest scale could generate practical benefit, by encouraging self-reliance in communities.' – Charles Abernethy, International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo (1987–94) and Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand (1996–99) Improving Irrigation in Asia is based on a longitudinal study over two decades on innovative intervention for sustained performance of irrigation systems. The work identifies key factors that can help explain the performance of interventions, and explicates lessons for resource management and the management of development assistance. In 1985, the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat of Nepal and the International Irrigation Management Institute developed an ingenious intervention program for nineteen irrigation systems located in the middle hills of Nepal in an attempt to overcome the prevailing 'best-practices' traps, in regard to assisting irrigation systems. This book highlights the innovativeness of the project lay in its provision of ample opportunities for farmers to make decisions regarding the operation of the irrigation system based on their local knowledge and creativity. The authors of this work, Elinor Ostrom, Wai Fung Lam, Prachanda Pradhan and Ganesh P. Shivakoti provide detailed analysis of these interventions and support the conclusion that farmers can build on an innovative intervention that not only provides physical improvements but also enhances farmers' problem-solving capacity. They argue that to achieve sustainable improvements in performance, the farmers themselves need to engage in collective action over time and support local entrepreneurs who provide leadership and stimulate adjustments to change. Providing practical policy solutions, this study will prove a fascinating and invaluable read for academics and scholars of development studies, resource management, and irrigation studies, as well as development specialists in international agencies, policymakers in governments and international donor agencies.
Author : Robert Chambers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521347882
A challenge to re-examine beliefs, biases and actions is presented through the exposure of misleading research and faulty diagnosis in the current policies and pratices of canal irrigation.
Author : William E. Doolittle
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780292772137
Prehistoric farmers in Mexico invented irrigation, developed it into a science, and used it widely. Indeed, many of the canal systems still in use in Mexico today were originally begun well before the discovery of the New World. In this comprehensive study, William E. Doolittle synthesizes and extensively analyzes all that is currently known about the development and use of irrigation technology in prehistoric Mexico from about 1200 B.C. until the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century A.D. Unlike authors of previous studies who have focused on the political, economic, and social implications of irrigation, Doolittle considers it in a developmental context. He examines virtually all the known systems, from small canals that diverted runoff from ephemeral mountain streams to elaborate networks that involved numerous large canals to irrigate broad valley floors with water from perennial rivers. Throughout the discussion, he gives special emphasis to the technological elaborations that distinguish each system from its predecessors. He also traces the spread of canal technology into and through different ecological settings. This research substantially clarifies the relationship between irrigation technology in Mexico and the American Southwest and argues persuasively that much of the technology that has been attributed to the Spaniards was actually developed in Mexico by indigenous people. These findings will be important not only for archaeologists working in this area but also for geographers, historians, and engineers interested in agriculture, technology, and arid lands.
Author : Shah, T., Scott, C., Kishore, A., Sharma, A.
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Energy consumption
ISBN : 9789290905882
In the highly populated South Asian region, where pump irrigation has gained predominance over gravity-flow irrigation in recent decades, the fortunes of groundwater and energy economies are closely tied. Little can be done in the groundwater economy that will not affect the energy economy, and the struggle to make the energy economy viable is frustrated by the often violent opposition from the farming community to the rationalization of energy prices. As a result, the region's groundwater economy has boomed at the expense of the development of the energy economy. This report suggests that this does not have to be so; and the first step to evolving approaches to sustaining a prosperous groundwater economy with a viable power sector is for the decision makers in the two sectors to talk to each other, and jointly explore better options for energy-groundwater co-management which, the authors suggest, have so far been overlooked.
Author : Tushaar Shah,Barbara van Koppen,Douglas Merrey Marna de Lange and, Madar Samad
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Farms, Small
ISBN : 9789290904816
This report reviews several decades of global experience in transferring management of government-run irrigation systems to farmer associations or other nongovernmental agencies in an attempt to apply the lessons of success to the African smallholder irrigation context.
Author : Shah, Tushaar,Namara, R.,Rajan, Abhishek
Publisher : IWMI
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX