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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1096904138
Author : William Ross Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Cerebro
ISBN : OCLC:1018114623
Author : W. Ashby
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401513203
THE book is not a treatise on aIl cerebral mechanisms but a pro poscd solution of a specific problem: the origin of the nervous system's unique ability to produce adaptive behaviour. The work has as basis the fact that the nervous system behaves adap tively and the hypothesis that it is essentiaIly mechanistic; it proceeds on the assumption that these two data are not irrecon cilable. It attempts to deduce from the observed facts what sort of a mechanism it must be that behaves so differently from any machinc made so far. Other proposed solutions have usuaIly left open the question whether so me different theory might not fit the facts equaIly weIl: I have attempted to deduce what is necessary, what properties the nervous system must have if it is to behave at once mechanisticaIly and adaptively. For the deduction to be rigorous, an adequately developed logic of mechanism is essential. Until recently, discussions of mechan ism were carried on almost entirely in terms of so me particular embodiment-the mechanical, the electronic, the neuronie, and so on. Those days are past. There now exists a weIl-developed logic of pure mechanism, rigorous as geometry, and likely to play the same fundamental part, in our understanding of the complex systems of biology, that geometry does in astronomy. Only by the dcvelopment of this basic logic has thc work in this book been made possible.
Author : W. Ross Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1614277567
2014 Reprint of 1960 Second and Revised Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. W. Ross Ashby was an English psychiatrist and a pioneer in cybernetics, the study of complex systems. His two books, "Design for a Brain" and "An Introduction to Cybernetics," were landmark works. They introduced exact and logical thinking into the nascent discipline and were highly influential. This work begins with the premise that the nervous system behaves adaptively and the hypothesis that it is essentially mechanistic; it assumes that these two data are not irreconcilable. It proceeds by first developing an adequately rigorous logic of mechanism, considering such topics as dynamic systems, stability and homeostasis. It then applies this logic to the behaviors of living organisms, and shows that we may deduce that certain types of behavior must be produced by certain types of mechanism.
Author : W. Ross Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Brain
ISBN : 0412049309
Author : William Ross Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Brain
ISBN : OCLC:427840811
Author : William Ross Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Brain
ISBN : 0412049309
Author : Margaret A. Boden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1705 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780199241446
Cognitive science is among the most fascinating intellectual achievements of the modern era. The quest to understand the mind is an ancient one. But modern science has offered new insights and techniques that have revolutionized this enquiry. Oxford University Press now presents a masterlyhistory of the field, told by one of its most eminent practitioners.Psychology is the thematic heart of cognitive science, which aims to understand human (and animal) minds. But its core theoretical ideas are drawn from cybernetics and artificial intelligence, and many cognitive scientists try to build functioning models of how the mind works. In that sense,Margaret Boden suggests, its key insight is that mind is a (very special) machine. Because the mind has many different aspects, the field is highly interdisciplinary. It integrates psychology not only with cybernetics/AI, but also with neuroscience and clinical neurology; with the philosophy ofmind, language, and logic; with linguistic work on grammar, semantics, and communication; with anthropological studies of cultures; and with biological (and A-Life) research on animal behaviour, evolution, and life itself. Each of these disciplines, in its own way, asks what the mind is, what itdoes, how it works, how it develops---and how it is even possible.Boden traces the key questions back to Descartes's revolutionary writings, and to the ideas of his followers--and his radical critics--through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Her story shows how controversies in the development of experimental physiology, neurophysiology, psychology,evolutionary biology, embryology, and logic are still relevant today. Then she guides the reader through the complex interlinked paths along which the study of mind developed in the twentieth century. Cognitive science covers all mental phenomena: not just 'cognition' (knowledge), but also emotion,personality, psychopathology, social communication, religion, motor action, and consciousness. In each area, Boden introduces the key ideas and researchers and discusses those philosophical critics who see cognitive science as fundamentally misguided. And she sketches the waves of resistance andacceptance on the part of the media and general public, showing how these have affected the development of the field.No one else could tell this story as Boden can: she has been a member of the cognitive science community since the late-1950s, and has known many of its key figures personally. Her narrative is written in a lively, swift-moving style, enriched by the personal touch of someone who knows the story atfirst hand. Her history looks forward as well as back: besides asking how state-of-the-art research compares with the hopes of the early pioneers, she identifies the most promising current work. Mind as Machine will be a rich resource for anyone working on the mind, in any academic discipline, whowants to know how our understanding of mental capacities has advanced over the years.
Author : Daniel Belgrad
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226652672
When we want advice from others, we often casually speak of “getting some feedback.” But how many of us give a thought to what this phrase means? The idea of feedback actually dates to World War II, when the term was developed to describe the dynamics of self-regulating systems, which correct their actions by feeding their effects back into themselves. By the early 1970s, feedback had become the governing trope for a counterculture that was reoriented and reinvigorated by ecological thinking. The Culture of Feedback digs deep into a dazzling variety of left-of-center experiences and attitudes from this misunderstood period, bringing us a new look at the wild side of the 1970s. Belgrad shows us how ideas from systems theory were taken up by the counterculture and the environmental movement, eventually influencing a wide range of beliefs and behaviors, particularly related to the question of what is and is not intelligence. He tells the story of a generation of Americans who were struck by a newfound interest in—and respect for—plants, animals, indigenous populations, and the very sounds around them, threading his tapestry with cogent insights on environmentalism, feminism, systems theory, and psychedelics. The Culture of Feedback repaints the familiar image of the ’70s as a time of Me Generation malaise to reveal an era of revolutionary and hopeful social currents, driven by desires to radically improve—and feed back into—the systems that had come before.
Author : Guanglun Michael Mu
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000626698
In this book, Mu crafts a sociology of resilience through his multi-year research with Australian students. The content is not merely concerned with individual achievements in precarious conditions but also ponders over transformative, reflexive, and power-rejective everyday practices that make social change possible, probable, and even inevitable. Since Emmy Werner and her colleagues discovered the "self-righting" and "invincible" children on the Hawaiian island of Kauai who fared well despite exposure to significant household risks, positive psychology has markedly advanced the knowledge about child and youth resilience to adversities. Yet, many children and adolescents continue to slide through system cracks. This fact does not invalidate psychology of resilience; rather, it urges new frameworks to break the reproductive circle of inequality. Reframing the traditional psychological notion of resilience through recourse to Bourdieu’s relational and reflexive sociology, the book moves beyond individual adaptation to adverse conditions and takes a deep dive into sociological resilience to structural problems. It offers school professionals and educational researchers an epistemological tool to reapproach resilience and reappropriate Bourdieu for social change. Offering scholarship that will interest researchers in the areas of child and youth resilience, sociology of resilience, and sociology of education, the volume is written to engage with the intellectual work of both established scholars and emerging researchers within Australia and beyond. The empirical analyses also provide useful insights for educational professionals in schools and resilience researchers in universities.
Author : Gordon Richard
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 1932 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1999-07-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814500395
Over the past few decades numerous scientists have called for a unification of the fields of embryo development, genetics, and evolution. Each field has glaring holes in its ability to explain the fundamental phenomena of life. In this book, the author shows how the phenomenon of cell differentiation, considered in its temporal and spatial aspects during embryogenesis, provides a starting point for a unified theory of multicellular organisms (plants, fungi and animals), including their evolution and genetics. This unification is based on the recent discovery of differentiation waves by the author and his colleagues, described in the appendices, and illustrated by a flip movie prepared by a medical artist. To help the reader through the many fields covered, a glossary is included.This book will be of great value to the researcher and practicing doctors/scientists alike. The research students will receive an in-depth tutorial on the topics covered. The seasoned researcher will appreciate the applications and the gold mine of other possibilities for novel research topics.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Agricultural extension work
ISBN : MINN:31951002883217P
Author : Charles C. Doane,Michael L. McManus
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 786 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Gypsy moth
ISBN : MINN:31951D023986779
Author : Norbert Wiener,David Jerison,Isadore Manuel Singer,Daniel W. Stroock
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780821804155
This book contains lectures presented at the MIT symposium on the 100th anniversary of Norbert Wiener's birth held in October 1994. The topics reflect Wiener's main interests while emphasizing current developments. In addition to lectures dealing directly with problems on which Wiener worked, such as potential theory, harmonic analysis, Wiener-Hopf theory, and Paley-Wiener theory, the book discusses the following topics: BLFourier integral operators with complex phase (a contemporary successor to the Paley-Wiener theory) BLstatistical aspects of quantum mechanics and of liquid crystals BLfinancial markets, including the new trading strategies for options based on Wiener processes BLstatistical methods of genetic research BLmodels of the nervous system, pattern recognition, and the nature of intelligence The volume includes reviews on Norbert Wiener's contributions from historical and current perspectives. This book gives mathematical researchers an overview of new mathematical problems presented by other areas and gives researchers in other fields a broad overview of the ways in which advanced mathematics might be useful to them.
Author : John Cunningham Wood,Michael C. Wood
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0415248302
This two-volume collection looks at the life and work of Alfred Pritchard Sloan, Jr. (1875-1966), chief executive of General Motors from 1923 to 1946, whose unique and ahead-of-its-time management style left an indelible mark on business and management studies.Also featuring an extensive bibliography, this set will prove valuable to business students and researchers alike.