Developing Grammars

Author : Willemijn M. Klein,N. Dittmar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783642673856

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Developing Grammars by Willemijn M. Klein,N. Dittmar Pdf

This study deals with variation in grammar both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. In Part I (Chaps. 1-4), an attempt is made to char acterize this phenomenon within the broader context of what might be called the "fluctuating character of natu'ral language", and to develop suitable and precise descriptive techniques that account for it. The method which is pro posed here is called "variety grammar" - roughly speaking, this is a formal grammar with probabilistic weighting for an ordered set of varieties, such as dialects, sociolects, registers, or developmental stages. In Part II (Chaps. 5-8), this technique is applied to an important area of grammatical variation - to the process of second language acquisition in social context, based on a large investigation of the language behavior of foreign migrant workers acquiring German through everyday contacts. We have tried to characterize their "developing grammars" and to relate this complex developmental process to social and individual factors that determine it.

Author : Elaine C. Klein,Gita Martohardjono
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1999-05-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027299147

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The Development of Second Language Grammars by Elaine C. Klein,Gita Martohardjono Pdf

This volume is a collection of state-of-the-art papers in generative studies of second language (L2) acquisition bringing together an unusually broad range of interests and inquiry. Selected papers report on controlled experimental studies within specific areas of research investigating the development of L2 grammars; others formulate exciting new proposals for methodology and learnability in both first and second language acquisition. Following an introduction which argues for new research strategies that focus on the process of acquisition along with its product, the book is divided into two sections: Current Perspectives includes compelling new work on the development of functional categories within a parameter-setting model of L2 acquisition; the second section, New Directions, introduces research and discussion on topics which reflect the latest developments in the field, including syntax-semantics correspondences, L2 processing research, code-switching from a UG perspective, and applications of Chomsky’s (1995) Minimalist Program to second language acquisition studies.

Author : Esther Rinke,Tanja Kupisch
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027287113

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The Development of Grammar by Esther Rinke,Tanja Kupisch Pdf

This volume focuses on different aspects of language development. The contributions are concerned with similarities and differences between first and second language acquisition, the acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories, cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition as well as the relation between language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change. The recurrent topic of the volume is the link between linguistic variation and the limitation of structural variability in the framework of a well-defined theory of language. In this respect, the volume opens up new perspectives for future research.

Author : Wolfgang Klein,Clive Perdue
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1992-08-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027282880

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Utterance Structure by Wolfgang Klein,Clive Perdue Pdf

This volume presents the results of part of the ESF project 'Second language acquisition by adult immigrants'. The present study deals specifically with structure of utterances in learner varieties. The authors have attempted to find general principles which determine the form of utterances from the very beginning to relatively advanced stages. Chapter 1 and 2 provide the framework for the study and here the guiding hypotheses are sketched on the basis of a pilot analysis. The empirical part of the study is contained in Chapters 3-6, in which data are given for the acquisition of, respectively, English (by Punjabi and Italian learners), German (Italian and Turkish learners), Dutch (Turkish and Moroccon learners) and French (Moroccon and Spanish learners), thus allowing for crosslinguistic comparisons in various ways. For each data-set the learner's linguistic repertoire is established, and then the utterance patterns recurrent in his/her production and the constraints these patterns are subject to. In Chapter 7 the general and theoretical implications are discussed.

Author : Monica Gordon-Pershey
Publisher : Plural Publishing
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781944883560

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Grammar and Syntax by Monica Gordon-Pershey Pdf

Grammar and Syntax: Developing School-Age Children's Oral and Written Language Skills provides insight for clinical speech-language pathologists (SLPs) as well as students and faculty in communication sciences and disorders programs. Offering a practicing speech-language pathologist’s perspective on school-age language development, this professional reference book focuses on later language development and the crucial role oral grammar and syntax plays in successful academic performance. This resource synthesizes the four main components of professional expertise for SLPs: academic and theoretical knowledge, strategies for gathering diagnostic evidence, the ability to seek, understand, and apply evolving scientific evidence, and the application of therapeutic strategies. Designed to encourage creative approaches to curriculum-based speech-language therapy practices, Grammar and Syntax: Developing School-Age Children's Oral and Written Language Skills provides the foundation SLPs need to help children and adolescents achieve academic success. Key Features: * Anticipation guides at the beginning of each chapter stimulate readers to prepare for reading * Bolded key terms and a comprehensive glossary improve retention of material * Related resources in addition to cited sources provide jumping off points for deeper understanding * Tables of language development references to use at-a-glance * An evidence-based approach that references many primary and historical sources, including the “big names” in each content area * A unique combination of the perspectives of language development and language disorders with literacy development and literacy difficulties

Author : Evelyn Rothstein,Andrew S. Rothstein
Publisher : Corwin Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008-11-11
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781452295510

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English Grammar Instruction That Works! by Evelyn Rothstein,Andrew S. Rothstein Pdf

"Andrew and Evelyn Rothstein have given teachers a model for teaching the structure of our language with fun and interesting strategies that can be used at all grade levels. They show teachers how to take grammar instruction from a stand-alone subject to an integral part of a complete literacy program." —Kim Whitling, Fifth-Grade Inclusion Teacher Franklinville Central School, NY Build strong grammar skills to help students become better readers, writers, and communicators! With today′s diverse and standards-driven classroom environment, teachers are eager for a new approach to grammar instruction—one that builds understanding of the structure and nuances of English. This practical guide points the way to fun, engaging, and effective grammar teaching for Grades K–12. Designed for classroom teachers, this resource covers grammar fundamentals that support vocabulary and writing skills. Readers will discover teaching strategies that encourage creativity and critical thought, based on a realistic approach to children′s language development. This guide provides: Clear explanations of grammatical terms as a refresher for teachers Easy-to-implement classroom activities, including examples and word play from children′s literature Appropriate techniques for a broad audience of students, with specific suggestions for English language learners Background on the development of English as a global language, promoting students′ respect for diverse cultures A teaching approach that supports the National Council of Teachers of English standards for English language arts Help your students develop a deep understanding of English grammar and build a solid foundation for academic achievement and lifelong communications skills.

Author : Conor Ryan,Michael O'Neill,JJ Collins
Publisher : Springer
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319787176

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Handbook of Grammatical Evolution by Conor Ryan,Michael O'Neill,JJ Collins Pdf

This handbook offers a comprehensive treatise on Grammatical Evolution (GE), a grammar-based Evolutionary Algorithm that employs a function to map binary strings into higher-level structures such as programs. GE's simplicity and modular nature make it a very flexible tool. Since its introduction almost twenty years ago, researchers have applied it to a vast range of problem domains, including financial modelling, parallel programming and genetics. Similarly, much work has been conducted to exploit and understand the nature of its mapping scheme, triggering additional research on everything from different grammars to alternative mappers to initialization. The book first introduces GE to the novice, providing a thorough description of GE along with historical key advances. Two sections follow, each composed of chapters from international leading researchers in the field. The first section concentrates on analysis of GE and its operation, giving valuable insight into set up and deployment. The second section consists of seven chapters describing radically different applications of GE. The contributions in this volume are beneficial to both novices and experts alike, as they detail the results and researcher experiences of applying GE to large scale and difficult problems. Topics include: • Grammar design • Bias in GE • Mapping in GE • Theory of disruption in GE · Structured GE · Geometric semantic GE · GE and semantics · Multi- and Many-core heterogeneous parallel GE · Comparing methods to creating constants in GE · Financial modelling with GE · Synthesis of parallel programs on multi-cores · Design, architecture and engineering with GE · Computational creativity and GE · GE in the prediction of glucose for diabetes · GE approaches to bioinformatics and system genomics · GE with coevolutionary algorithms in cybersecurity · Evolving behaviour trees with GE for platform games · Business analytics and GE for the prediction of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials

Author : Mark Nettle,Diana Hopkins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2003-07-17
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0521627125

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Developing Grammar in Context Intermediate with Answers by Mark Nettle,Diana Hopkins Pdf

This book offers a learner-centred approach to grammar study for intermediate level students. Developing Grammar in Context provides clear explanations and lively practice focusing on key grammar areas. Using spoken and written examples drawn from the Cambridge International Corpus, Developing Grammar in Context will help learners consolidate and deepen their understanding of how English really works. This edition, with answers, is ideal for self-study.

Author : Mei Deming,Tong Helong
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781040085448

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The Development of Chomskyan Generative Grammar by Mei Deming,Tong Helong Pdf

This book explores the major theories of generative grammar from a historical perspective, providing an overview of the evolution of this linguistic framework. Generative grammar is widely recognized for its major contributions to the study of theoretical linguistics in the twentieth century and has had a profound impact on the fields of linguistics, psychology, computer science, and cognitive science. This book consists of eight chapters that trace the development of generative grammar from its beginnings to its current focus on minimalism. The first chapter outlines the major stages of generative grammar, namely Classical Theory, Standard Theory, Extended Standard Theory, Revised Extended Standard Theory, Government and Binding Theory, and the Minimalist Program. The second chapter reviews the development of the C‐command relation and illustrates its use in syntactic analysis. Each of the following six chapters focuses on a specific area of generative grammar, including phrase structure, movement, Case, argument structure, binding, and raising and control. The volume will be an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and students in the fields of generative grammar, syntax, formal linguistics, and the social and cognitive sciences.

Author : Hiroe Tsubaki,Ken Nishina,Shu Yamada
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9784431752325

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The Grammar of Technology Development by Hiroe Tsubaki,Ken Nishina,Shu Yamada Pdf

This book includes the keynote lecture and fourteen selected papers that - scribe a general guideline and supporting concepts and tools for conceiving technology development as a grammar. Recent advances in scienti?c and - gineering ?elds call for new disciplines, tools, and concepts. For example, advances in computer simulation require new approaches to statistical te- niques to utilize computer simulation e?ciently for technology development. Thepaperscollectedinthisbookfocusonsuchnewapproachesbasedonthese practicalrequirements.Theeditorsarecon?dentthiscollectionwillcontribute to the acceleration of technology development through the application of the grammar of technology presented here. The title of this book is in?uenced by Karl Pearson’s book The Grammar of Science, published in 1892, which brought him recognition as a giant and pioneer of statistics. His book introduced a grammar of science with a - scription of the roles of statistical treatments. While science at times has been misunderstood as not being amenable to a standardized approach, one of the contributions of Pearson’s book was that it o?ered a standardized - proach to science. As his book demonstrated, behind the great innovations of science, there exists a universal approach.

Author : Samuel Ransom
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1843
Category : Hebrew language
ISBN : BL:A0019427065

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A Hebrew Grammar, containing a copious and systematic development of the etymology and punctuation of that language by Samuel Ransom Pdf

Author : Ms. Chitra S
Publisher : HONEYGOLD Publications
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-23
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9789385967108

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25 Fun Grammar Games to Develop Writing by Ms. Chitra S Pdf

This book entitled, “25 Fun Grammar Games to Develop Writing – A Handbook for Teachers”, intends to make children familiar with grammatical structures like parts of speech, articles, affixes, voices and tenses. These grammatical structures forms the basis for writing. When the students get familiar with these concepts at their upper primary stage, their grammatical mistakes can be eliminated to a greater extent. This book is designed by integrating multiple approaches and methods for various kinds of games like Direct method, Lexical approach, Silent way, Multiple intelligence, Task Based Language learning, Content based instruction and co-operative language learning.

Author : Jessica Habib
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-02
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000596076

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Supporting Grammar and Language Development in Children by Jessica Habib Pdf

This guidebook has been created to accompany the Grammar Tales story books, a collection of beautifully illustrated picture books designed to support grammar and language development in children. Including accessible activities and ideas to help children use grammar forms expressively, the guidebook discusses the specific grammatical form focused on in each story, and offers support in using the storybooks effectively. Photocopiable and downloadable handouts for parents and carers allow therapy work to continue beyond the therapy session. This guidebook is an essential accompaniment to the Grammar Tales storybooks for Speech and Language therapists working with children.

Author : Geoffrey Horrocks
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317887782

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Generative Grammar by Geoffrey Horrocks Pdf

This book provides a critical review of the development of generative grammar, both transformational and non-transformational, from the early 1960s to the present, and presents contemporary results in the context of an overall evaluation of recent research in the field. Geoffrey Horrocks compares Chomsky's approach to the study of grammar, culminating in Government and Binding theory, with two other theories which are deliberate reactions to this framework: Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar and Lexical-Functional Grammar. Whilst proponents of all three models regard themselves as generative grammarians, and share many of the same objectives, the differences between them nevertheless account for much of the recent debate in this subject. By presenting these different theories in the context of the issues that unite and divide them, the book highlights the problems which arise in any attempt to establish an adequate theory of grammatical representation.

Author : Eduardo D. Faingold
Publisher : Springer
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2003-09-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780230006218

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The Development of Grammar in Spanish and The Romance Languages by Eduardo D. Faingold Pdf

Researchers in Romance languages will find this book a stimulating and broad-ranging treatment of the development of grammar, demonstrating the relevance of markedness for both linguistic theory and language teaching. A substantial and original account of a unique body of data, across first and second language acquisition, creolization and historical linguistics and across a wide range of languages and contact varieties, demonstrates a new impetus and predictive force for markedness theory.