Diagnostic Controversy

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Diagnostic Controversy

Carolyn Smith-Morris
Diagnostic Controversy Book PDF

Author : Carolyn Smith-Morris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317383062

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Diagnostic Controversy by Carolyn Smith-Morris Pdf

This collection is dedicated to the diagnostic moment and its unrivaled influence on encompassment and exclusion in health care. Diagnosis is seen as both an expression and a vehicle of biomedical hegemony, yet it is also a necessary and speculative tool for the identification of and response to suffering in any healing system. Social scientific studies of medicalization and the production of medical knowledge have revealed tremendous controversy within, and factitiousness at the outer parameters of, diagnosable conditions. Yet the ethnographically rich and theoretically complex history of such studies has not yet congealed into a coherent structural critique of the process and broader implications of diagnosis. This volume meets that challenge, directing attention to three distinctive realms of diagnostic conflict: in the role of diagnosis to grant access to care, in processes of medicalization and resistance, and in the transforming and transformative position of diagnosis for 21st-century global health. Smith-Morris’s framework repositions diagnosis as central to critical global health inquiry. The collected authors question specific diagnoses (e.g., Lyme disease, Parkinson's, andropause, psychosis) as well as the structural and epistemological factors behind a disease’s naming and experience.

Improving Diagnosis in Health Care

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care
Improving Diagnosis in Health Care Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309377720

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Improving Diagnosis in Health Care by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care Pdf

Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

Rare Conditions, Diagnostic Challenges, and Controversies in Clinical Neuropsychology

Jessica Fish,Shai Betteridge,Barbara A. Wilson
Rare Conditions Diagnostic Challenges and Controversies in Clinical Neuropsychology Book PDF

Author : Jessica Fish,Shai Betteridge,Barbara A. Wilson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000885644

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Rare Conditions, Diagnostic Challenges, and Controversies in Clinical Neuropsychology by Jessica Fish,Shai Betteridge,Barbara A. Wilson Pdf

This book highlights those rare, difficult to diagnose or controversial cases in contemporary clinical neuropsychology. The evidence base relevant to this type of work is almost by definition insufficient to guide practice, but most clinicians will encounter such cases at some point in their careers. By documenting the experiences and learning of clinicians who have worked with cases that are ‘out of the ordinary’, the book addresses an important gap in the literature. The book discusses 23 challenging and fascinating cases that fall outside what can be considered routine practice. Divided into three sections, the text begins by addressing rare and unusual conditions, defined as either conditions with a low incidence, or cases with an atypical presentation of a condition. It goes on to examine circumstances where an accurate diagnosis and/or coherent case formulation has been difficult to reach. The final section addresses controversial conditions in neuropsychology, including those where there is ongoing scientific debate, disagreement between important stakeholders, or an associated high-stakes decision. This text covers practice across lifespan and offers crucial information on specific conditions as well as implications for practice in rare disorders. This book will be beneficial for clinical neuropsychologists and applied psychologists working with people with complex neurological conditions, along with individuals from medical, nursing, allied health and social work backgrounds. It will further be of appeal to educators, researchers and students of these professions and disciplines.

Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders

Benjamin Wolman
Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Wolman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 922 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468424904

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Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders by Benjamin Wolman Pdf

For centuries the "treatment" of mentally disturbed individuals was quite simple. They were accused of collusion with evil spirits, hunted, and persecuted. The last "witch" was killed as late as 1782 in Switzerland. Mentally disturbed people did not fare much better even when the witchhunting days were gone. John Christian Reil gave the following description of mental pa tients at the crossroads of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: We incarcerate these miserable creatures as if they were criminals in abandoned jails, near to the lairs of owls in barren canyons beyond the city gates, or in damp dungeons of prisons, where never a pitying look of a humanitarian penetrates; and we let them, in chains, rot in their own excrement. Their fetters have eaten off the flesh of their bones, and their emaciated pale faces look expectantly toward the graves which will end their misery and cover up our shamefulness. (1803) The great reforms introduced by Philippe Pinel at Bicetre in 1793 augured the beginning of a new approach. Pinel ascribed the "sick role," and called for compas sion and help. One does not need to know much about those he wants to hurt, but one must know a lot in order to help. Pinel's reform was followed by a rapid develop ment in research of causes, symptoms, and remedies of mental disorders. There are two main prerequisites for planning a treatment strategy.

Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Sanziana A. Roman,Wen T. Shen,Julie Ann Sosa
Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Book PDF

Author : Sanziana A. Roman,Wen T. Shen,Julie Ann Sosa
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031371356

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Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer by Sanziana A. Roman,Wen T. Shen,Julie Ann Sosa Pdf

This book provides a practical, evidence-based approach to controversies in the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Thyroid nodules are a commonly encountered clinical entity, identified in 2-6% of the population by palpation, and 20-35% by ultrasound. DTC is the solid organ cancer with the most rapidly increasing incidence (>50,000 new cases in the U.S. annually). Despite extensive research and multiple published comprehensive practice guidelines, numerous controversies remain within this field covering a wide range of issues, including incidence and epidemiology, radiographic evaluation, criteria for needle biopsy, cytopathologic and molecular diagnostics, active surveillance vs. operation for low-risk tumors, extent of surgery, indications for radioactive iodine treatment and external beam radiation, and optimal protocols for follow-up. The book takes a case-based approach: each chapter will begin with a patient presentation highlighting a particular controversial subject in thyroid nodules and DTC. The remainder of the chapter discusses the controversy within the context of current scientific understanding and clinical practice, using the latest evidence-based practice guidelines. Chapters conclude with a final review and discussion of the opening case, with options and recommendations for next steps provided. The recommendations are evidence-based and practical, intended to help guide practitioners in their ongoing care of patients with thyroid nodules and DTC. Each chapter was written by a recognized expert in the area of controversy, including endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, radiologists, medical oncologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. Controversies in Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Based Approach is an excellent guide for oncologists, endocrinologists, otorhinolaryngologists, surgeons, and practitioners of all types that care for patients with thyroid nodules and DTC.

The Neurasthenia-Depression Controversy

Donald McLawhorn
The Neurasthenia Depression Controversy Book PDF

Author : Donald McLawhorn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000372038

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The Neurasthenia-Depression Controversy by Donald McLawhorn Pdf

This book is about the largest debate that has occurred in the field of cultural psychiatry and its impact on diagnosing, theorizing, and clinical practice. It is also about the role of culture in psychopathology specifically in relation to China. This book is the first comprehensive and critical assessment of the anthropological psychiatry that has provided Western physicians with their ideas about somatization and culture. It is argued that psychiatric nosology and the broader cultural milieu interact in a fascinating way and co-facilitate individual conformity to culturally salient categories, consciously or unconsciously, through a process of belief, expectation, and learning. The result is that codified experiences can be translated from the mind to the body and back again. Through a critical evaluation of the Neurasthenia-Depression controversy, we can gain a view of the contested and shifting nature of psychiatric nosology, and thereby attempt to introduce the beginnings of a model that elucidates how psychiatric distress varies across cultures. This timely book challenges conventional wisdom about neurasthenia and depression in Chinese societies. Its findings will be of value to anyone who works with Chinese people with these mental illnesses across the global diaspora.

Making the DSM-5

Joel Paris,James Phillips
Making the DSM 5 Book PDF

Author : Joel Paris,James Phillips
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461465041

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Making the DSM-5 by Joel Paris,James Phillips Pdf

In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association published the 5th edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Often referred to as the “bible” of psychiatry, the manual only classifies mental disorders and does not explain them or guide their treatment. While science should be the basis of any diagnostic system, to date, there is no knowledge on whether most conditions listed in the manual are true diseases. Moreover, in DSM-5 the overall definition of mental disorder is weak, failing to distinguish psychopathology from normality. In spite of all the progress that has been made in neuroscience over the last few decades, the psychiatric community is no closer to understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of mental disorders than it was fifty years ago. In Making the DSM-5, prominent experts delve into the debate about psychiatric nosology and examine the conceptual and pragmatic issues underlying the new manual. While retracing the historic controversy over DSM, considering the political context and economic impact of the manual, and focusing on what was revised or left unchanged in the new edition, this timely volume addresses the main concerns of the future of psychiatry and questions whether the DSM legacy can truly improve the specialty and advance its goals.

The Case-Control Study Consensus and Controversy

Michel A. Ibrahim
The Case Control Study Consensus and Controversy Book PDF

Author : Michel A. Ibrahim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-20
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781483189307

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The Case-Control Study Consensus and Controversy by Michel A. Ibrahim Pdf

The Case-Control Study: Consensus and Controversy focuses on the history and the evolution of the case-control study, addresses the methodological issues discussed in this book, and presents illustrative studies to examine the problems and opportunities inherent in the method. This text first discusses the progress and evolution of case-control studies. This book then explains methodologic problems and standards in case-control research, which is followed by a discussion on bias in analytic research. Before this book gives the highlights of the conference it documents, it first tackles the confidence intervals for the odds ratio in case-control studies; case-control studies on the effect of sex steroids on women and their offspring; and methodologic variation in case-control studies of reserpine and breast cancer. This text also looks into the questions frequently asked regarding case-control studies, such as on the selection of appropriate controls, publication of research findings, and type of research needs to be done on case-control studies to improve them. This book concludes by explaining the development of standards for case control studies, as well as other problems and prospect regarding this study. This publication will be invaluable to those interested in case-control studies.

Modern Paleopathology, The Study of Diagnostic Approach to Ancient Diseases, their Pathology and Epidemiology

Bruce M. Rothschild,Dawid Surmik,Filippo Bertozzo
Modern Paleopathology The Study of Diagnostic Approach to Ancient Diseases their Pathology and Epidemiology Book PDF

Author : Bruce M. Rothschild,Dawid Surmik,Filippo Bertozzo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 873 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031286247

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Modern Paleopathology, The Study of Diagnostic Approach to Ancient Diseases, their Pathology and Epidemiology by Bruce M. Rothschild,Dawid Surmik,Filippo Bertozzo Pdf

The study of paleopathology has two very different constituencies, the medical scientist and the zoologist/paleontologist/anthropologist. Their investigative procedures and professional jargon are different, sometimes to the point of mutual incomprehensibility. Paleontologists/anthropologists/zoologists have a limited data base for the characterization and interpretation of pathology. This must come from the human and veterinary medical experience. What, beyond intellectual satisfaction, can the health care community expect from this relationship? The past history of the appearance and dispersal of infectious disease and cancer is of considerable theoretical importance and leads to new insights on the nature and transmission of diseases that are otherwise ambiguous. The discovery of rheumatoid arthritis in pre-Columbian North America exemplifies insights gained. The current effort delineates osseous impact of disease (as manifest in clinical populations diagnosed in life), representation in the zoologic, paleontologic and anthropologic record, and assessment techniques that can be confidently applied. The chapters form “columns” that provide the foundation for scientific critical thinking. The actual integration of the information is in its application. Our purpose is to provide a data base and atlas of actually documented skeletal impact of diseases (as population phenomenon), an initial data base of reported skeletal pathology, and a methodology for expanding this to new arenas. The first section of the book examines the scientific basis of paleopathology, its transition from speculation-based musings, resolution of misconceptions and the denouement of paleo-epidemiology. The second section provides holistic analysis of the gamut of pathology/diseases with significant skeletal impact, with a validated archeologic/zoological/paleontological record. The third section provides a glossary to resolve the semantic challenges inherent to interdisciplinary efforts. The fourth section provides an atlas of pathology representation in the fossil record. Ultimately, this book intends to present a scientifically-validated approach to recognition of disease in the archeological, zoological and paleontological record, superseding previous speculation-based offerings.

Controversy and Psychology

Philip Banyard
Controversy and Psychology Book PDF

Author : Philip Banyard
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-06-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000605976

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Controversy and Psychology by Philip Banyard Pdf

Controversy and Psychology examines a range of areas studied in psychology which have sparked controversy, encouraging readers to think critically about the research they engage with in order to develop their own opinions by recognising biases in this discipline. Author Phil Banyard investigates the popular, mainstream subject of psychology through a critical eye, presenting a researched account of how the discipline, practice, research methods, and theories of psychology have focused on a narrow group of people and in so doing brought harm to others. The controversies addressed in the text include methods in psychology, the history and ongoing acceptance of racism in psychology, the categorisation and quantification of people, the excessive and unhelpful use of diagnostic categories, the involvement of psychologists in warfare, and finally the role of psychologists in persuasive messaging. This illuminating text explores the history of these controversies and highlights how they continue to affect the profession and its interactions with people. Controversy and Psychology is an essential read for undergraduate and pre-undergraduate students studying psychology and for anyone in related fields looking to gain a broader knowledge of the more contentious aspects of the discipline and enhance their critical thinking skills. Professionals and researchers looking to re-examine their working methods can also benefit from the book.

The Selling of DSM

Stuart A. Kirk
The Selling of DSM Book PDF

Author : Stuart A. Kirk
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351474337

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The Selling of DSM by Stuart A. Kirk Pdf

When it was first published in 1980, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition—univer-sally known as DSM-III—embodied a radical new method for identifying psychiatric illness. Kirk and Kutchins challenge the general understanding about the research data and the pro-cess that led to the peer acceptance of DSM-III. Their original and controversial reconstruction of that moment concen-trates on how a small group of researchers interpreted their findings about a specific problem—psychiatric reliability—to promote their beliefs about mental illness and to challenge the then-dominant Freudian paradigm.

Teaching Clinical Reasoning

Robert L. Trowbridge,Joseph J. Rencic,Steven J. Durning
Teaching Clinical Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Robert L. Trowbridge,Joseph J. Rencic,Steven J. Durning
Publisher : American College
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Clinical medicine
ISBN : 1938921054

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Teaching Clinical Reasoning by Robert L. Trowbridge,Joseph J. Rencic,Steven J. Durning Pdf

Chapter topics include: Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Error Theoretical Concepts to Consider in Providing Clinical Reasoning Instruction Developing a Curriculum in Clinical Reasoning Educational Approaches to Common Cognitive Errors General Teaching Techniques Assessment of Clinical Reasoning Faculty Development and Dissemination Lifelong Learning in Clinical Reasoning Remediation of Clinical Reasoning Novel Approaches and Future Directions Teaching Clinical Reasoning: Where do we go from here?

DSM-IV-TR in Action

Sophia F. Dziegielewski
DSM IV TR in Action Book PDF

Author : Sophia F. Dziegielewski
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2002-06-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0471414417

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DSM-IV-TR in Action by Sophia F. Dziegielewski Pdf

Includes specific applications of diagnostic and psychotherapeutic considerations for the spectrum of disorders included in the DSMTM. * Uses a "person-in-environment" context unique among books about the DSM-IV-TRTM. * Written by a professor who has taught thousands of students and clinicians across the country the basics of DSMTM in preparation for the licensing exam.

The Diagnostic System

Jason Schnittker
The Diagnostic System Book PDF

Author : Jason Schnittker
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780231544597

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The Diagnostic System by Jason Schnittker Pdf

Mental illness is many things at once: It is a natural phenomenon that is also shaped by society and culture. It is biological but also behavioral and social. Mental illness is a problem of both the brain and the mind, and this ambiguity presents a challenge for those who seek to accurately classify psychiatric disorders. The leading resource we have for doing so is the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, but no edition of the manual has provided a decisive solution, and all have created controversy. In The Diagnostic System, the sociologist Jason Schnittker looks at the multiple actors involved in crafting the DSM and the many interests that the manual hopes to serve. Is the DSM the best tool for defining mental illness? Can we insure against a misleading approach? Schnittker shows that the classification of psychiatric disorders is best understood within the context of a system that involves diverse parties with differing interests. The public wants a better understanding of personal suffering. Mental-health professionals seek reliable and treatable diagnostic categories. Scientists want definitions that correspond as closely as possible to nature. And all parties seek definitive insight into what they regard as the right target. Yet even the best classification system cannot satisfy all of these interests simultaneously. Progress toward an ideal is difficult, and revisions to diagnostic criteria often serve the interests of one group at the expense of another. Schnittker urges us to become comfortable with the socially constructed nature of categorization and accept that a perfect taxonomy of mental-health disorders will remain elusive. Decision making based on evolving though fluid understandings is not a weakness but an adaptive strength of the mental-health profession, even if it is not a solid foundation for scientific discovery or a reassuring framework for patients.

Personality Disorders

William O'Donohue,Katherine A. Fowler,Scott O. Lilienfeld
Personality Disorders Book PDF

Author : William O'Donohue,Katherine A. Fowler,Scott O. Lilienfeld
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781412904223

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Personality Disorders by William O'Donohue,Katherine A. Fowler,Scott O. Lilienfeld Pdf

This work offers an evaluation of competing theoretical perspectives and nosological systems for personality disorders. The editors have brought together recognized authorities in the field to offer a synthesis of competing perspectives that provide readers with an assessment for each disorder. The result is a comprehensive, current, and critical summary of research and practice guidelines related to the personality disorders. Key Features focuses on controversies and alternative conceptualizations; separate chapters are dedicated to each personality disorder and considered from various points of view. It presents authoritative perspectives; leading scholars and researchers in the field provide a critical evaluation of alternative perspectives on each personality disorder. And it frames the current state of personality disorder research and practice issues; cutting edge and streamlined research is presented to be used in courses on diagnosis, assessment, psychopathology and abnormal psychology, especially those that include the DSM IV. It also offers an integrative understanding of elusive personality categorizations; wherever possible, case examples are offered as illustrations of each disorders clinical presentation. The use of technical terms are minimized; each contributor takes the approach of a user friendly summary and integration of major trends, findings, and future directions.