Differential Galois Theory Through Riemann Hilbert Correspondence

Author : Jacques Sauloy
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-07
Category : Galois theory
ISBN : 9781470430955

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Differential Galois Theory through Riemann-Hilbert Correspondence by Jacques Sauloy Pdf

Differential Galois theory is an important, fast developing area which appears more and more in graduate courses since it mixes fundamental objects from many different areas of mathematics in a stimulating context. For a long time, the dominant approach, usually called Picard-Vessiot Theory, was purely algebraic. This approach has been extensively developed and is well covered in the literature. An alternative approach consists in tagging algebraic objects with transcendental information which enriches the understanding and brings not only new points of view but also new solutions. It is very powerful and can be applied in situations where the Picard-Vessiot approach is not easily extended. This book offers a hands-on transcendental approach to differential Galois theory, based on the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. Along the way, it provides a smooth, down-to-earth introduction to algebraic geometry, category theory and tannakian duality. Since the book studies only complex analytic linear differential equations, the main prerequisites are complex function theory, linear algebra, and an elementary knowledge of groups and of polynomials in many variables. A large variety of examples, exercises, and theoretical constructions, often via explicit computations, offers first-year graduate students an accessible entry into this exciting area.

Author : Alain Connes,Matilde Marcolli
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 785 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781470450458

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Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives by Alain Connes,Matilde Marcolli Pdf

The unifying theme of this book is the interplay among noncommutative geometry, physics, and number theory. The two main objects of investigation are spaces where both the noncommutative and the motivic aspects come to play a role: space-time, where the guiding principle is the problem of developing a quantum theory of gravity, and the space of primes, where one can regard the Riemann Hypothesis as a long-standing problem motivating the development of new geometric tools. The book stresses the relevance of noncommutative geometry in dealing with these two spaces. The first part of the book deals with quantum field theory and the geometric structure of renormalization as a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. It also presents a model of elementary particle physics based on noncommutative geometry. The main result is a complete derivation of the full Standard Model Lagrangian from a very simple mathematical input. Other topics covered in the first part of the book are a noncommutative geometry model of dimensional regularization and its role in anomaly computations, and a brief introduction to motives and their conjectural relation to quantum field theory. The second part of the book gives an interpretation of the Weil explicit formula as a trace formula and a spectral realization of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. This is based on the noncommutative geometry of the adèle class space, which is also described as the space of commensurability classes of Q-lattices, and is dual to a noncommutative motive (endomotive) whose cyclic homology provides a general setting for spectral realizations of zeros of L-functions. The quantum statistical mechanics of the space of Q-lattices, in one and two dimensions, exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the low-temperature regime, the equilibrium states of the corresponding systems are related to points of classical moduli spaces and the symmetries to the class field theory of the field of rational numbers and of imaginary quadratic fields, as well as to the automorphisms of the field of modular functions. The book ends with a set of analogies between the noncommutative geometries underlying the mathematical formulation of the Standard Model minimally coupled to gravity and the moduli spaces of Q-lattices used in the study of the zeta function.

Author : Alin Bostan,Kilian Raschel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030843045

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Transcendence in Algebra, Combinatorics, Geometry and Number Theory by Alin Bostan,Kilian Raschel Pdf

This proceedings volume gathers together original articles and survey works that originate from presentations given at the conference Transient Transcendence in Transylvania, held in Brașov, Romania, from May 13th to 17th, 2019. The conference gathered international experts from various fields of mathematics and computer science, with diverse interests and viewpoints on transcendence. The covered topics are related to algebraic and transcendental aspects of special functions and special numbers arising in algebra, combinatorics, geometry and number theory. Besides contributions on key topics from invited speakers, this volume also brings selected papers from attendees.

Author : Charlotte Hardouin,Jacques Sauloy,Michael F. Singer
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-27
Category : Difference and functional equations -- Difference equations -- Linear equations
ISBN : 9781470426552

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Galois Theories of Linear Difference Equations: An Introduction by Charlotte Hardouin,Jacques Sauloy,Michael F. Singer Pdf

This book is a collection of three introductory tutorials coming out of three courses given at the CIMPA Research School “Galois Theory of Difference Equations” in Santa Marta, Columbia, July 23–August 1, 2012. The aim of these tutorials is to introduce the reader to three Galois theories of linear difference equations and their interrelations. Each of the three articles addresses a different galoisian aspect of linear difference equations. The authors motivate and give elementary examples of the basic ideas and techniques, providing the reader with an entry to current research. In addition each article contains an extensive bibliography that includes recent papers; the authors have provided pointers to these articles allowing the interested reader to explore further.

Author : Marcelo Viana,José M. Espinar
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470465407

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Differential Equations by Marcelo Viana,José M. Espinar Pdf

This graduate-level introduction to ordinary differential equations combines both qualitative and numerical analysis of solutions, in line with Poincaré's vision for the field over a century ago. Taking into account the remarkable development of dynamical systems since then, the authors present the core topics that every young mathematician of our time—pure and applied alike—ought to learn. The book features a dynamical perspective that drives the motivating questions, the style of exposition, and the arguments and proof techniques. The text is organized in six cycles. The first cycle deals with the foundational questions of existence and uniqueness of solutions. The second introduces the basic tools, both theoretical and practical, for treating concrete problems. The third cycle presents autonomous and non-autonomous linear theory. Lyapunov stability theory forms the fourth cycle. The fifth one deals with the local theory, including the Grobman–Hartman theorem and the stable manifold theorem. The last cycle discusses global issues in the broader setting of differential equations on manifolds, culminating in the Poincaré–Hopf index theorem. The book is appropriate for use in a course or for self-study. The reader is assumed to have a basic knowledge of general topology, linear algebra, and analysis at the undergraduate level. Each chapter ends with a computational experiment, a diverse list of exercises, and detailed historical, biographical, and bibliographic notes seeking to help the reader form a clearer view of how the ideas in this field unfolded over time.

Author : Giovanni Leoni
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
Page : 759 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470477028

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A First Course in Sobolev Spaces by Giovanni Leoni Pdf

This book is about differentiation of functions. It is divided into two parts, which can be used as different textbooks, one for an advanced undergraduate course in functions of one variable and one for a graduate course on Sobolev functions. The first part develops the theory of monotone, absolutely continuous, and bounded variation functions of one variable and their relationship with Lebesgue–Stieltjes measures and Sobolev functions. It also studies decreasing rearrangement and curves. The second edition includes a chapter on functions mapping time into Banach spaces. The second part of the book studies functions of several variables. It begins with an overview of classical results such as Rademacher's and Stepanoff's differentiability theorems, Whitney's extension theorem, Brouwer's fixed point theorem, and the divergence theorem for Lipschitz domains. It then moves to distributions, Fourier transforms and tempered distributions. The remaining chapters are a treatise on Sobolev functions. The second edition focuses more on higher order derivatives and it includes the interpolation theorems of Gagliardo and Nirenberg. It studies embedding theorems, extension domains, chain rule, superposition, Poincaré's inequalities and traces. A major change compared to the first edition is the chapter on Besov spaces, which are now treated using interpolation theory.

Author : Douglas J. LaFountain,William W. Menasco
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-20
Category : Braid theory
ISBN : 9781470436605

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Braid Foliations in Low-Dimensional Topology by Douglas J. LaFountain,William W. Menasco Pdf

Author : Riccardo Benedetti
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781470466749

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Lectures on Differential Topology by Riccardo Benedetti Pdf

This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the theory of smooth manifolds, maps, and fundamental associated structures with an emphasis on “bare hands” approaches, combining differential-topological cut-and-paste procedures and applications of transversality. In particular, the smooth cobordism cup-product is defined from scratch and used as the main tool in a variety of settings. After establishing the fundamentals, the book proceeds to a broad range of more advanced topics in differential topology, including degree theory, the Poincaré-Hopf index theorem, bordism-characteristic numbers, and the Pontryagin-Thom construction. Cobordism intersection forms are used to classify compact surfaces; their quadratic enhancements are developed and applied to studying the homotopy groups of spheres, the bordism group of immersed surfaces in a 3-manifold, and congruences mod 16 for the signature of intersection forms of 4-manifolds. Other topics include the high-dimensional h h-cobordism theorem stressing the role of the “Whitney trick”, a determination of the singleton bordism modules in low dimensions, and proofs of parallelizability of orientable 3-manifolds and the Lickorish-Wallace theorem. Nash manifolds and Nash's questions on the existence of real algebraic models are also discussed. This book will be useful as a textbook for beginning masters and doctoral students interested in differential topology, who have finished a standard undergraduate mathematics curriculum. It emphasizes an active learning approach, and exercises are included within the text as part of the flow of ideas. Experienced readers may use this book as a source of alternative, constructive approaches to results commonly presented in more advanced contexts with specialized techniques.

Author : Timothy J. Ford
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 637 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-26
Category : Associative rings
ISBN : 9781470437701

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Separable Algebras by Timothy J. Ford Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the theory of separable algebras over commutative rings. After a thorough introduction to the general theory, the fundamental roles played by separable algebras are explored. For example, Azumaya algebras, the henselization of local rings, and Galois theory are rigorously introduced and treated. Interwoven throughout these applications is the important notion of étale algebras. Essential connections are drawn between the theory of separable algebras and Morita theory, the theory of faithfully flat descent, cohomology, derivations, differentials, reflexive lattices, maximal orders, and class groups. The text is accessible to graduate students who have finished a first course in algebra, and it includes necessary foundational material, useful exercises, and many nontrivial examples.

Author : Marius van der Put,Michael F. Singer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642557507

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Galois Theory of Linear Differential Equations by Marius van der Put,Michael F. Singer Pdf

From the reviews: "This is a great book, which will hopefully become a classic in the subject of differential Galois theory. [...] the specialist, as well as the novice, have long been missing an introductory book covering also specific and advanced research topics. This gap is filled by the volume under review, and more than satisfactorily." Mathematical Reviews

Author : Xiang-dong Hou
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-07
Category : Finite fields (Algebra)
ISBN : 9781470442897

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Lectures on Finite Fields by Xiang-dong Hou Pdf

The theory of finite fields encompasses algebra, combinatorics, and number theory and has furnished widespread applications in other areas of mathematics and computer science. This book is a collection of selected topics in the theory of finite fields and related areas. The topics include basic facts about finite fields, polynomials over finite fields, Gauss sums, algebraic number theory and cyclotomic fields, zeros of polynomials over finite fields, and classical groups over finite fields. The book is mostly self-contained, and the material covered is accessible to readers with the knowledge of graduate algebra; the only exception is a section on function fields. Each chapter is supplied with a set of exercises. The book can be adopted as a text for a second year graduate course or used as a reference by researchers.

Author : Jeanne N. Clelland
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-29
Category : Differential geometry -- Classical differential geometry -- Affine differential geometry
ISBN : 9781470429522

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From Frenet to Cartan: The Method of Moving Frames by Jeanne N. Clelland Pdf

The method of moving frames originated in the early nineteenth century with the notion of the Frenet frame along a curve in Euclidean space. Later, Darboux expanded this idea to the study of surfaces. The method was brought to its full power in the early twentieth century by Elie Cartan, and its development continues today with the work of Fels, Olver, and others. This book is an introduction to the method of moving frames as developed by Cartan, at a level suitable for beginning graduate students familiar with the geometry of curves and surfaces in Euclidean space. The main focus is on the use of this method to compute local geometric invariants for curves and surfaces in various 3-dimensional homogeneous spaces, including Euclidean, Minkowski, equi-affine, and projective spaces. Later chapters include applications to several classical problems in differential geometry, as well as an introduction to the nonhomogeneous case via moving frames on Riemannian manifolds. The book is written in a reader-friendly style, building on already familiar concepts from curves and surfaces in Euclidean space. A special feature of this book is the inclusion of detailed guidance regarding the use of the computer algebra system Maple™ to perform many of the computations involved in the exercises.

Author : John Douglas Moore
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-15
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9781470429508

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Introduction to Global Analysis: Minimal Surfaces in Riemannian Manifolds by John Douglas Moore Pdf

During the last century, global analysis was one of the main sources of interaction between geometry and topology. One might argue that the core of this subject is Morse theory, according to which the critical points of a generic smooth proper function on a manifold determine the homology of the manifold. Morse envisioned applying this idea to the calculus of variations, including the theory of periodic motion in classical mechanics, by approximating the space of loops on by a finite-dimensional manifold of high dimension. Palais and Smale reformulated Morse's calculus of variations in terms of infinite-dimensional manifolds, and these infinite-dimensional manifolds were found useful for studying a wide variety of nonlinear PDEs. This book applies infinite-dimensional manifold theory to the Morse theory of closed geodesics in a Riemannian manifold. It then describes the problems encountered when extending this theory to maps from surfaces instead of curves. It treats critical point theory for closed parametrized minimal surfaces in a compact Riemannian manifold, establishing Morse inequalities for perturbed versions of the energy function on the mapping space. It studies the bubbling which occurs when the perturbation is turned off, together with applications to the existence of closed minimal surfaces. The Morse-Sard theorem is used to develop transversality theory for both closed geodesics and closed minimal surfaces. This book is based on lecture notes for graduate courses on “Topics in Differential Geometry”, taught by the author over several years. The reader is assumed to have taken basic graduate courses in differential geometry and algebraic topology.

Author : Bjorn Poonen
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470474584

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Rational Points on Varieties by Bjorn Poonen Pdf

This book is motivated by the problem of determining the set of rational points on a variety, but its true goal is to equip readers with a broad range of tools essential for current research in algebraic geometry and number theory. The book is unconventional in that it provides concise accounts of many topics instead of a comprehensive account of just one—this is intentionally designed to bring readers up to speed rapidly. Among the topics included are Brauer groups, faithfully flat descent, algebraic groups, torsors, étale and fppf cohomology, the Weil conjectures, and the Brauer-Manin and descent obstructions. A final chapter applies all these to study the arithmetic of surfaces. The down-to-earth explanations and the over 100 exercises make the book suitable for use as a graduate-level textbook, but even experts will appreciate having a single source covering many aspects of geometry over an unrestricted ground field and containing some material that cannot be found elsewhere. The origins of arithmetic (or Diophantine) geometry can be traced back to antiquity, and it remains a lively and wide research domain up to our days. The book by Bjorn Poonen, a leading expert in the field, opens doors to this vast field for many readers with different experiences and backgrounds. It leads through various algebraic geometric constructions towards its central subject: obstructions to existence of rational points. —Yuri Manin, Max-Planck-Institute, Bonn It is clear that my mathematical life would have been very different if a book like this had been around at the time I was a student. —Hendrik Lenstra, University Leiden Understanding rational points on arbitrary algebraic varieties is the ultimate challenge. We have conjectures but few results. Poonen's book, with its mixture of basic constructions and openings into current research, will attract new generations to the Queen of Mathematics. —Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène, Université Paris-Sud A beautiful subject, handled by a master. —Joseph Silverman, Brown University

Author : Mikhail Shubin
Publisher : American Mathematical Society
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-08
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470464967

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Invitation to Partial Differential Equations by Mikhail Shubin Pdf

This book is based on notes from a beginning graduate course on partial differential equations. Prerequisites for using the book are a solid undergraduate course in real analysis. There are more than 100 exercises in the book. Some of them are just exercises, whereas others, even though they may require new ideas to solve them, provide additional important information about the subject. It is a great pleasure to see this book—written by a great master of the subject—finally in print. This treatment of a core part of mathematics and its applications offers the student both a solid foundation in basic calculations techniques in the subject, as well as a basic introduction to the more general machinery, e.g., distributions, Sobolev spaces, etc., which are such a key part of any modern treatment. As such this book is ideal for more advanced undergraduates as well as mathematically inclined students from engineering or the natural sciences. Shubin has a lovely intuitive writing style which provides a gentle introduction to this beautiful subject. Many good exercises (and solutions) are provided! —Rafe Mazzeo, Stanford University This text provides an excellent semester's introduction to classical and modern topics in linear PDE, suitable for students with a background in advanced calculus and Lebesgue integration. The author intersperses treatments of the Laplace, heat, and wave equations with developments of various functional analytic tools, particularly distribution theory and spectral theory, introducing key concepts while deftly avoiding heavy technicalities. —Michael Taylor, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill