Digitalization And Child Labour In Agriculture

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Digitalization and child labour in agriculture

Termeer, E.,Vos, B.,Bolchini, A.,Van Ingen, E.,Abrokwa, K.
Digitalization and child labour in agriculture Book PDF

Author : Termeer, E.,Vos, B.,Bolchini, A.,Van Ingen, E.,Abrokwa, K.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251378755

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Digitalization and child labour in agriculture by Termeer, E.,Vos, B.,Bolchini, A.,Van Ingen, E.,Abrokwa, K. Pdf

This paper is the product of a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Wageningen University and Research (WUR) to explore the potential application of innovative technologies to improve data collection and risk estimation of child labour in the cocoa sector. In particular, it assesses the potential role of blockchain technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in collecting and sharing data on cocoa-growing areas in Ghana, and how this could contribute to monitoring and ultimately preventing child labour in those areas. During an inception mission undertaken by FAO in Ghana, open consultations with various stakeholders in the cocoa sector led to the identification of a number of Key Data Elements (KDEs) to inform the design of a blockchain system, with the objective to facilitate real-time, cost-efficient and collaborative monitoring of the risk of child labour in cocoa-growing areas in Ghana. WUR was commissioned by the FAO to further explore the potential application of blockchain technology and GIS to monitor selected KDEs related to the root causes of child labour in Ghana. Despite decades of interventions since the ratification of the Harkin-Engel Protocol in 2001 to eliminate child labour in the cocoa sectors of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, the latest progress report shows child labour in this sector is increasing rather than decreasing (Sadhu et al., 2020). This trend is concerning, given the detrimental effects of child labour on children’s lives, education and health and the perpetuated cycle of poverty as a result. To break this trend, it is necessary to expand and improve current methods of tracking the incidence of child labour (monitoring) and explore more sustainable ways to support rural families to keep children out of child labour (prevention). To that end, technology, digitalization, and digital innovations have a role in poverty reduction and improving living standards in developing countries, however, political and socio-economic problems can hinder these technological fixes. With smallholder cocoa producers being the most vulnerable actors within this value chain, the implementation of technological monitoring systems is not a clear-cut route. Participation and engagement depend not only on the perception of the advantages to farmers and community, but also on issues that impact the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICT). For example, availability, affordability, and literacy and effective use.

FAO framework on ending child labour in agriculture

FAO
FAO framework on ending child labour in agriculture Book PDF

Author : FAO
Publisher : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251328460

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FAO framework on ending child labour in agriculture by FAO Pdf

The purpose of the FAO’s framework is to guide the Organization and its personnel in the integration of measures addressing child labour within FAO’s typical work, programmes and initiatives at global, regional and country levels. It aims to enhance compliance with organization’s operational standards, and strengthen coherence and synergies across the Organization and with partners. The FAO framework is primarily targeted at FAO as an organization, including all personnel in all geographic locations. But the framework is also relevant for FAO’s governing bodies and Member States, and provides guidance and a basis for collaboration with development partners. The framework is also to be used as a key guidance to assess and monitor compliance with FAO’s environmental and social standards addressing prevention and reduction of child labour in FAO’s programming.

Child Labour and Agriculture

M.L. Narasaiah
Child Labour and Agriculture Book PDF

Author : M.L. Narasaiah
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 8171416667

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Child Labour and Agriculture by M.L. Narasaiah Pdf

Contents: Child Labour Targeting the Intolerable, Stop Child Labour, Child Labour in Weaving Industry, Helping your Child Learn, Children s Health and the Environment, Opening Markets for Agriculture, The Future of Agricultural Trade, The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, The Uruguay Round and Agricultural Reforms, Export Subsidies: A Distortion to Free Trade in Agriculture, WTO Agricultural Negotiations Completing the Task, Developing Countries and the WTO Agricultural Negotiations, Population Growth and Cropland, Development of Sericulture, Controlling the Global Tobacco Epidemic, Land Tenure, Can Economic Growth Reduce Poverty?, The Dynamics of Rural Poverty in India, Rural Poverty in India and Development as a Policy Challenge, Trade and Labour Standards, Challenging Traditional Economic Growth, End of Controversy on Large Dams?, A Breakthrough in the Evolution of Large Dams?, Fighting for Equality on All Fronts, Crisis Prevention, The Future of Work, Population Growth and Income, For a Fair Sharing of Time, Development: The People Know Best, An Agenda for Change, Do Men Matter?, Social Development: The Way Forward, Gender-based Violence.

Handbook for monitoring and evaluation of child labour in agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Handbook for monitoring and evaluation of child labour in agriculture Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251087794

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Handbook for monitoring and evaluation of child labour in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The Handbook aims to sensitize agricultural programme staff on the importance of incorporating child labour prevention as a crosscutting issue in their planning, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system and of systematically considering the potential positive and negative impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour. The Handbook furthermore encourages the user to identify good agricultural practices for preventing and reducing child labour in agriculture.

Report of the Global Solutions Forum: Acting together to end child labour in agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Report of the Global Solutions Forum Acting together to end child labour in agriculture Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251358443

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Report of the Global Solutions Forum: Acting together to end child labour in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

On 2–3 November 2021, to mobilize global action and highlight concrete solutions to eradicate child labour in agriculture, FAO, in close collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and in partnership with the International Partnership for Cooperation on Child Labour in Agriculture (IPCCLA) and the Alliance 8.7, organized a high-level virtual event: the Global Solutions Forum (GSF). The objectives of the GSF were to raise the voices and commitment of agricultural stakeholders, share game-changing solutions, and identify ways to step up concerted action to prevent and end child labour in all agricultural subsectors. The outcomes of the event are expected to inform the V Global Conference on Child Labour in 2022, along with other global initiatives such as the United Nations Decade of Family Farming.

Children's Work in African Agriculture

James Sumberg,Rachel Sabates-Wheeler
Children s Work in African Agriculture Book PDF

Author : James Sumberg,Rachel Sabates-Wheeler
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-28
Category : Africa
ISBN : 9781529226058

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Children's Work in African Agriculture by James Sumberg,Rachel Sabates-Wheeler Pdf

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Millions of children throughout Africa undertake many forms of farm and domestic work. Some of this work is for wages, some is on their family's own small plots and some is forced and/or harmful. This book examines children's involvement in such work. It argues that framing all children's engagement in economic activity as 'child labour', with all the associated negative connotations, is problematic. This is particularly the case in Africa where many rural children must work to survive and where, the contributors argue, much of the work undertaken is not harmful. The conceptual and case-based chapters reframe the debate about children's work and harm in rural Africa with the aim of shifting research, public discourse and policy so that they better serve the interest of rural children and their families.

FAO publications catalogue 2023

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAO publications catalogue 2023 Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251380574

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FAO publications catalogue 2023 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This catalogue aims to improve the dissemination and outreach of FAO’s knowledge products and overall publishing programme. By providing information on its key publications in every area of FAO’s work, and catering to a range of audiences, it thereby contributes to all organizational outcomes. From statistical analysis to specialized manuals to children’s books, FAO publications cater to a diverse range of audiences. This catalogue presents a selection of FAO’s main publications, produced in 2023 or earlier, ranging from its global reports and general interest publications to numerous specialized titles. In addition to the major themes of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it also includes thematic sections on climate change, economic and social development, and food safety and nutrition.

Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251315460

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Digital technologies in agriculture and rural areas by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This report aims to identify the different scenarios where the process of digital transformation is taking place in agriculture. This identifies those aspects of basic conditions, such as those of infrastructure and networks, affordability, education and institutional support. In addition, enablers are identified, which are the factors that allow adopting and integrating changes in the production and decision-making processes. Finally identify through cases, existing literature and reports how substantive changes are taking place in the adoption of digital technologies in agriculture.

Towards digital inclusion in rural transformation

Hernandez, K.,Flynn, J.,He, J.,Alsahi, H.
Towards digital inclusion in rural transformation Book PDF

Author : Hernandez, K.,Flynn, J.,He, J.,Alsahi, H.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org. [Author] [Author]
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251386040

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Towards digital inclusion in rural transformation by Hernandez, K.,Flynn, J.,He, J.,Alsahi, H. Pdf

The rapid and ongoing digital transformation of government, economic, and social sectors holds immense potential to improve outcomes across the SDGs for smallholder farmers and rural communities more generally. [Author] However, it is also widely recognized that digitalization alone does not guarantee inclusion. [Author] Rural residents and marginalized groups have the most to gain from digitalization but are also the most at risk of falling further behind due to digital divides. [Author] The resulting paradox may leave rural development actors unsure about how to best approach rural digital transformation. [Author] This report helps rural development practitioners and decision-makers work through this paradox. [Author] It does so by highlighting the factors that lead to digital exclusion, providing evidence regarding how digital divides play out, and providing recommendations on how to improve digital inclusion for rural areas and marginalized groups. [Author]

Ten years of FAO experience on ending child labour in agriculture in Africa

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Ten years of FAO experience on ending child labour in agriculture in Africa Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789251361986

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Ten years of FAO experience on ending child labour in agriculture in Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This compendium is the result of a first-of-its-kind stocktaking exercise looking at FAO activities to address child labour in agriculture in Malawi, Mali, Uganda, the Niger and the United Republic of Tanzania over a decade (2010–2020). It is intended to make a practical contribution to the field of child labour elimination in agriculture, by shedding a light on some of the FAO-supported activities, country processes and practices as well as achievements, and lessons learned. As such, it highlights the general main lessons learned and key messages, outlines and provide details on country processes and related outcomes and achievements on knowledge generation, capacity development, awareness raising, policy advice and promotion of advocacy and partnerships. The contents on these FAO strategies for the elimination of child labour in agriculture are complemented by examples of areas of work such as promoting safe practices and labour-saving technologies and empowering and building the skills of youth aged 15–17 by facilitating school-to-work transition in agriculture.

The relations between climate change and child labour in agriculture

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
The relations between climate change and child labour in agriculture Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-07
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789251379110

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The relations between climate change and child labour in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Pdf

Climate change-related events undermine children’s educational attainment, exposing them to child labour, hazardous work and forced migration. This nexus is particularly relevant for agriculture and its subsectors: indeed, they absorb about 26 percent of the economic impacts of climate change-related disasters and host 70 percent of all child labour. This study aims to identify the extent to which climate change-related events and impacts affect child labour in agriculture by exploring the underlying connection between the two challenges as the initial step towards integrating a child labour lens within the international community’s work on climate change. It showcases the multi-dimensional relationship through a mixed-methods approach in four countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Nepal and Peru. The qualitative and quantitative findings propose a set of policy implications that are in line with the concept that one-size-fits-all policy prescriptions are unlikely to work, as they must be tailored to different communities based on their characteristics.

The COVID-19 consequences on child labour in agrifood systems

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The COVID 19 consequences on child labour in agrifood systems Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251369098

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The COVID-19 consequences on child labour in agrifood systems by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This paper provides insights and evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy responses to curb its spread influence the risk of child labour in agriculture through different pathways. It draws on case studies from seven countries covering different production systems: Côte d’Ivoire (cocoa), Ethiopia (cattle keeping and farming), (Lebanon (horticulture and greenhouse farms), the Philippines (municipal fisheries), and Viet Nam (crop farming, livestock, and citrus fruit chains). Based on these evidence, the document provides concluding reflections and recommendations on priority areas regarding knowledge generation and data collection, policy responses (social protection, education), and household- and community-level responses.

Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries

Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries Book PDF

Author : Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries by Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

Child labour in agriculture remains a global concern. Agriculture is the sector where most child labour is found. Employment of children mostly relates to farm household poverty in developing countries. This raises the question of the extent to which the modernisation of agriculture prevents the use of child labour while also leading to higher productivity. One of the central questions in this context is whether agricultural mechanisation helps limit children’s employment. Available studies have put forward opposing hypotheses, but rigorous empirical evidence is scant. The present study aims to fill some of this void by studying the evidence from comparable farm household survey data in seven developing countries, including three in Asia (India, Nepal, and Vietnam) and four in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania). Various key findings emerge. First, many children are found to engage in productive activities in studied countries. The prevalence is particularly high in African countries, such as in Ethiopia where more than one third of children aged 5-14 years engage in farm or off-farm work. Second, while the prevalence of child labour in agriculture (i.e., when productive engagement is detrimental to schooling and child growth) is much lower (at 10% or less in seven countries), they are still sizable in absolute terms; at least 6 million children in these countries partake in agricultural work at the expense of opportunities in adulthood. Third, agricultural mechanization, reflected in farm household’s use of machinery such as tractors, significantly reduces the likelihood of use of children’s labour and increases school attendance. Fourth, the measured impacts of mechanization are only modest, however, and likely indirect, that is, dependent on the extent to which mechanization helps improve household income and on local conditions (such as quality of rural infrastructure and accessibility of education and other social services). Overall, promotion of agricultural mechanization can help prevent use of child labour. To be truly impactful, however, related support measures should be embedded in broader strategies to enable agricultural productivity growth and improve livelihoods of poor rural households.

Elimination of child labour in agriculture through social protection

Krogh-Poulsen, B., Benammour, O., Yue, K., Genthon, A.
Elimination of child labour in agriculture through social protection Book PDF

Author : Krogh-Poulsen, B., Benammour, O., Yue, K., Genthon, A.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-02-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251376379

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Elimination of child labour in agriculture through social protection by Krogh-Poulsen, B., Benammour, O., Yue, K., Genthon, A. Pdf

The aim of the guidance note on elimination of child labour in agriculture through social protection is to enable practitioners at national, regional and global levels to adapt social protection systems to contribute actively to eliminate child labour in agriculture. Universal social protection can prove an effective means to both address rural poverty and child labour in agriculture, if done right. This requires integrating child labour analysis into social protection policies and programmes, designing social protection programmes that address the underlying drivers of child labour and/or directly target families and communities prone to child labour. This guidance note analyses evidence related to both social assistance and social insurances as well as supportive functions in labour market programmes/livelihood support, social care services and their influence on child labour in agriculture. As a result, the guidance note outlines specific steps to integrate child labour analysis into social protection programmes targeting rural households depending on agriculture for their livelihoods.

Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries

Takeshima, H., Vos, R.
Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, H., Vos, R.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251357323

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Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries by Takeshima, H., Vos, R. Pdf

The FAO-IFPRI study, focuses on the use of tractors because they are among the most versatile farm mechanization tools and are universal power sources for all other driven implements and equipment in agriculture, with significant potential to replace animal draught power and human power, including children’s muscle power. Tractor use is typically also the first type of machine-powered equipment in use at lower levels of agricultural development, the context where most child labour is found. Mechanization is mostly assumed to reduce child labour, as it is expected to be labour saving in general. Yet, this is not always the case, as it has also been observed that the use of tractors and other machinery could increase children’s engagement in farm activities. This may be the case if, for instance, their use allows farms to cultivate larger areas, or if it leads to shifting chores of work from hired labor to family workers, e.g. for weeding edges of farmland not reachable by machinery. Evidence has been scant thus far, but the few available studies have mostly lent greater support to the hypothesis that mechanization reduces children’s productive engagement. Most available studies have focused on specific cases and based on scant data. The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data.