Discovering The Human Connectome

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Discovering the Human Connectome

Olaf Sporns
Discovering the Human Connectome Book PDF

Author : Olaf Sporns
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262304801

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Discovering the Human Connectome by Olaf Sporns Pdf

A pioneer in the field outlines new empirical and computational approaches to mapping the neural connections of the human brain. Crucial to understanding how the brain works is connectivity, and the centerpiece of brain connectivity is the connectome, a comprehensive description of how neurons and brain regions are connected. In this book, Olaf Sporns surveys current efforts to chart these connections—to map the human connectome. He argues that the nascent field of connectomics has already begun to influence the way many neuroscientists collect, analyze, and think about their data. Moreover, the idea of mapping the connections of the human brain in their entirety has captured the imaginations of researchers across several disciplines including human cognition, brain and mental disorders, and complex systems and networks. Discovering the Human Connectome offers the first comprehensive overview of current empirical and computational approaches in this rapidly developing field.

Discovering the Human Connectome

Olaf Sporns
Discovering the Human Connectome Book PDF

Author : Olaf Sporns
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262017909

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Discovering the Human Connectome by Olaf Sporns Pdf

A pioneer in the field outlines new empirical and computational approaches to mapping the neural connections of the human brain. Crucial to understanding how the brain works is connectivity, and the centerpiece of brain connectivity is the connectome, a comprehensive description of how neurons and brain regions are connected. In this book, Olaf Sporns surveys current efforts to chart these connections—to map the human connectome. He argues that the nascent field of connectomics has already begun to influence the way many neuroscientists collect, analyze, and think about their data. Moreover, the idea of mapping the connections of the human brain in their entirety has captured the imaginations of researchers across several disciplines including human cognition, brain and mental disorders, and complex systems and networks. Discovering the Human Connectome offers the first comprehensive overview of current empirical and computational approaches in this rapidly developing field.

Connectome

Sebastian Seung
Connectome Book PDF

Author : Sebastian Seung
Publisher : HMH
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780547508177

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Connectome by Sebastian Seung Pdf

“Accessible, witty . . . an important new researcher, philosopher and popularizer of brain science . . . on par with cosmology’s Brian Greene and the late Carl Sagan” (The Plain Dealer). One of the Wall Street Journal’s 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year and a Publishers Weekly “Top Ten in Science” Title Every person is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, that uniqueness resides. Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our character. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: How? Sebastian Seung is at the forefront of a revolution in neuroscience. He believes that our identity lies not in our genes, but in the connections between our brain cells—our particular wiring. Seung and a dedicated group of researchers are leading the effort to map these connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It’s a monumental effort, but if they succeed, they will uncover the basis of personality, identity, intelligence, memory, and perhaps disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story offering a daring scientific and technological vision for understanding what makes us who we are, as individuals and as a species. “This is complicated stuff, and it is a testament to Dr. Seung’s remarkable clarity of exposition that the reader is swept along with his enthusiasm, as he moves from the basics of neuroscience out to the farthest regions of the hypothetical, sketching out a spectacularly illustrated giant map of the universe of man.” —TheNew York Times “An elegant primer on what’s known about how the brain is organized and how it grows, wires its neurons, perceives its environment, modifies or repairs itself, and stores information. Seung is a clear, lively writer who chooses vivid examples.” —TheWashington Post

Networks of the Brain

Olaf Sporns
Networks of the Brain Book PDF

Author : Olaf Sporns
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262528986

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Networks of the Brain by Olaf Sporns Pdf

An integrative overview of network approaches to neuroscience explores the origins of brain complexity and the link between brain structure and function. Over the last decade, the study of complex networks has expanded across diverse scientific fields. Increasingly, science is concerned with the structure, behavior, and evolution of complex systems ranging from cells to ecosystems. In Networks of the Brain, Olaf Sporns describes how the integrative nature of brain function can be illuminated from a complex network perspective. Highlighting the many emerging points of contact between neuroscience and network science, the book serves to introduce network theory to neuroscientists and neuroscience to those working on theoretical network models. Sporns emphasizes how networks connect levels of organization in the brain and how they link structure to function, offering an informal and nonmathematical treatment of the subject. Networks of the Brain provides a synthesis of the sciences of complex networks and the brain that will be an essential foundation for future research.

Connectome Analysis

Markus D. Schirmer,Tomoki Arichi,Ai Wern Chung
Connectome Analysis Book PDF

Author : Markus D. Schirmer,Tomoki Arichi,Ai Wern Chung
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323852814

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Connectome Analysis by Markus D. Schirmer,Tomoki Arichi,Ai Wern Chung Pdf

Connectome Analysis: Characterization, Methods, and Analysis is a comprehensive companion for the analysis of brain networks, or connectomes. The book provides sources of constituent structural and functional MRI signals, network construction and practices for analysis, cutting-edge methods that address the latest challenges in neuroscience, and the fundamentals of network theory in the context of giving practical methods for building connectomes for analysis. Emphasis is placed on quality control of the individual analysis steps. Subsequent chapters discuss networks in neuroscience in clinical and general populations, including how findings are related to underlying neurophysiology and neuropsychology. This book is aimed at students and early-career researchers in brain connectomics and neuroimaging who have a background in computer science, mathematics and physics, as well as more broadly to neuroscientists and psychologists who want to start incorporating connectomics into their research. Provides practical recommendations on how to construct, assess and analyze brain networks Gives an understanding of all the technical methods for connectome analysis Presents the basic network theoretical principles typically used in neuroscience Covers the latest tools and data repositories that are freely available for the reader to carry out connectomic analyses

Mind Mapping and Artificial Intelligence

Jose Maria Guerrero
Mind Mapping and Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Jose Maria Guerrero
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128202425

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Mind Mapping and Artificial Intelligence by Jose Maria Guerrero Pdf

In the near future, we will see an increase in the development and use of all sorts of AI applications. Some of the more promising areas will be Finance, Healthcare, IoT, Manufacturing, Journalism, and Cybersecurity. Many of these applications generate a great amount of complex information. Natural Language Understanding is one of the most clear examples. Traditional ways of visualizing complex information, namely linear text, web pages and hyperlink-based applications, have serious productivity problems. Users need a lot of time to visualize the information and have problems seeing the whole picture of the results. Mind mapping is probably the only way of reducing the problems inherent in these traditional ways of visualizing complex information. Most people have no clear idea about the advantages of mind mapping or the problems created by the traditional ways of visualizing complex information. The goal of Mind Mapping and Artificial Intelligence is to provide readers with an introduction to mind mapping and artificial intelligence, to the problems of using traditional ways of visualizing complex information and as an introduction to mind mapping automation and its integration into Artificial Intelligence applications such as NLU and others. As more applications of Artificial Intelligence are developed in the near future, the need for the improvement of the visualization of the information generated will increase exponentially. Information overload will soon also happen in AI applications. This will diminish the advantages of using AI. Author José Maria Guerrero is a long-time expert in mind mapping and visualization techniques. In this book he also introduces readers to MindManager mind mapping software, which can considerably reduce the problems associated with the interpretation of complex information generated by Artificial Intelligence software. Provides coverage of the fundamentals of mind mapping and visualization applied to Artificial Intelligence applications Includes coverage of the scientific bases for mind mapping for the visualization of complex information Introduces MindManager software for mind mapping Introduces the author's MindManager toolkit for the readers to use in development of new mind mapping applications Includes case studies and real-world applications of MindManager for AI applications, including examples using IBM Watson NLU

Localization and Its Discontents

Katja Guenther
Localization and Its Discontents Book PDF

Author : Katja Guenther
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780226288345

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Localization and Its Discontents by Katja Guenther Pdf

Psychoanalysis and neurological medicine have promoted contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable notions of the modern self. Since Freud, psychoanalysts have relied on the spoken word in a therapeutic practice that has revolutionized our understanding of the mind. Neurologists and neurosurgeons, meanwhile, have used material apparatus—the scalpel, the electrode—to probe the workings of the nervous system, and in so doing have radically reshaped our understanding of the brain. Both operate in vastly different institutional and cultural contexts. Given these differences, it is remarkable that both fields found resources for their development in the same tradition of late nineteenth-century German medicine: neuropsychiatry. In Localization and Its Discontents, Katja Guenther investigates the significance of this common history, drawing on extensive archival research in seven countries, institutional analysis, and close examination of the practical conditions of scientific and clinical work. Her remarkable accomplishment not only reframes the history of psychoanalysis and the neuro disciplines, but also offers us new ways of thinking about their future.

Neurophenotypes

Vinoth Jagaroo,Susan L. Santangelo
Neurophenotypes Book PDF

Author : Vinoth Jagaroo,Susan L. Santangelo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461438465

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Neurophenotypes by Vinoth Jagaroo,Susan L. Santangelo Pdf

The interest in ‘biomarkers’ seen across a spectrum of biomedical disciplines reflects the rise of molecular biology and genetics. A host of ‘omics’ disciplines in addition to genomics, marked by multidimensional data and complex analyses, and enabled by bioinformatics, have pushed the trajectory of biomarker development even further. They have also made more tractable the complex mappings of genotypes to phenotypes – genome-to-phenome mapping – to which the concept of a biomarker is central. Genomic investigations of the brain are beginning to reveal spectacular associations between genes and neural systems. Neural and cognitive phenomics are considered a necessary complement to genomics of the brain. Other major omics developments such as connectomics, the comprehensive mapping of neurons and neural networks, are heralding brain maps of unprecedented detail. Such developments are defining a new era of brain science. And in this new research environment, neural systems and cognitive operations are pressed for new kinds of definitions – that facilitate brain-behavioral alignment in an omics operating environment. This volume explores the topic of markers framed around the constructs of cognitive and neural systems. ‘Neurophenotype’ is a term adopted to describe a neural or cognitive marker that can be scientifically described within an associative framework – and while the genome-to-phenome framework is the most recognized of these, epigenetics and non-gene-regulated neural dynamics also suggest other frameworks. In either case, the term neurophenotype defines operational constructs of brain-behavioral domains that serve the integration of these domains with neuroscientific and omics models of the brain. The topic is critically important to psychiatry and neuropsychology: Neurophenotypes offer a ‘format’ and a ‘language’ by which psychiatry and neuropsychology can be in step with the brain sciences. They also bring a new challenge to the clinical neurosciences in terms of construct validation and refinement. Topics covered in the volume include: Brain and cognition in the omics era Phenomics, connectomics, and Research Domain Criteria Circuit-based neurophenotypes, and complications posed by non-gene regulated factors The legacy of the endophenotype concept – its utility and limitations Various potential neurophenotypes of relevance to clinical neuroscience, including Response Inhibition, Fear Conditioning and Extinction, Error Processing, Reward Dependence and Reward Deficiency, Face Perception, and Language Phenotypes Dynamic (electrophysiological) and computational neurophenotypes The challenge of a cultural shift for psychiatry and neuropsychology The volume may be especially relevant to researchers and clinical practitioners in psychiatry and neuropsychology and to cognitive neuroscientists interested in the intersection of neuroscience with genomics, phenomics and other omics disciplines.

Clinical Neuroembryology

Hans J. ten Donkelaar,Martin Lammens,Akira Hori
Clinical Neuroembryology Book PDF

Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar,Martin Lammens,Akira Hori
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 926 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031260988

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Clinical Neuroembryology by Hans J. ten Donkelaar,Martin Lammens,Akira Hori Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human central nervous system (CNS) in the context of its many developmental disorders due to genetic, environmental and hypoxic/ischaemic causes. The book contains three general, introductory chapters in which an overview of the development of the human brain and spinal cord, a summary of mechanisms of development as obtained in experimental studies in various invertebrates and vertebrates, and an overview of the causes of congenital malformations are presented. The developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord are presented in a regional, more or less segmental way, starting with neurulation and neural tube defects, and ending with developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex. These chapters are abundantly illustrated in colour with carefully chosen clinical case studies with imaging data, and when available, postmortem verification of the developmental disorders involved. In the third edition, more emphasis has been given to the developmental ontology based on the prosomeric approach, and fetal development. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound, MRI and DTI, and classifications of developmental disorders have been updated. A number of new Clinical Cases have been included. Several new co-authors participate in various chapters. The book is intended for advanced medical students, and all those clinicians working with children and adults with developmental disorders of the CNS. Unique to the book is the integration of data from human embryology, experimental and molecular findings in mice in particular, imaging and developmental neuropathology.

Diffusion MRI

Heidi Johansen-Berg,Timothy E.J. Behrens
Diffusion MRI Book PDF

Author : Heidi Johansen-Berg,Timothy E.J. Behrens
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 627 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780124055094

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Diffusion MRI by Heidi Johansen-Berg,Timothy E.J. Behrens Pdf

Diffusion MRI remains the most comprehensive reference for understanding this rapidly evolving and powerful technology and is an essential handbook for designing, analyzing, and interpreting diffusion MR experiments. Diffusion imaging provides a unique window on human brain anatomy. This non-invasive technique continues to grow in popularity as a way to study brain pathways that could never before be investigated in vivo. This book covers the fundamental theory of diffusion imaging, discusses its most promising applications to basic and clinical neuroscience, and introduces cutting-edge methodological developments that will shape the field in coming years. Written by leading experts in the field, it places the exciting new results emerging from diffusion imaging in the context of classical anatomical techniques to show where diffusion studies might offer unique insights and where potential limitations lie. Fully revised and updated edition of the first comprehensive reference on a powerful technique in brain imaging Covers all aspects of a diffusion MRI study from acquisition through analysis to interpretation, and from fundamental theory to cutting-edge developments New chapters covering connectomics, advanced diffusion acquisition, artifact removal, and applications to the neonatal brain Provides practical advice on running an experiment Includes discussion of applications in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, and basic neuroscience Full color throughout

Changing Connectomes

Marcus Kaiser
Changing Connectomes Book PDF

Author : Marcus Kaiser
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262360814

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Changing Connectomes by Marcus Kaiser Pdf

An up-to-date overview of the field of connectomics, introducing concepts and mechanisms underlying brain network change at different stages. The human brain undergoes massive changes during its development, from early childhood and the teenage years to adulthood and old age. Across a wide range of species, from C. elegans and fruit flies to mice, monkeys, and humans, information about brain connectivity (connectomes) at different stages is now becoming available. New approaches in network neuroscience can be used to analyze the topological, spatial, and dynamical organization of such connectomes. In Changing Connectomes, Marcus Kaiser provides an up-to-date overview of the field of connectomics and introduces concepts and mechanisms underlying brain network changes during evolution and development.

The Secret Body

Daniel M. Davis
The Secret Body Book PDF

Author : Daniel M. Davis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691242125

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The Secret Body by Daniel M. Davis Pdf

“A perfect blend of cutting-edge science and compelling storytelling.”—Bill Bryson A revolutionary new vision of human biology and the scientific breakthroughs that will transform our lives Imagine knowing years in advance whether you are likely to get cancer or having a personalized understanding of your individual genes, organs, and cells. Imagine being able to monitor your body's well-being, or have a diet tailored to your microbiome. The Secret Body reveals how these and other stunning breakthroughs and technologies are transforming our understanding of how the human body works, what it is capable of, how to protect it from disease, and how we might manipulate it in the future. Taking readers to the cutting edge of research, Daniel Davis shows how radical new possibilities are becoming realities thanks to the visionary efforts of scientists who are revealing the invisible and secret universe within each of us. Focusing on six important frontiers, Davis describes what we are learning about cells, the development of the fetus, the body's immune system, the brain, the microbiome, and the genome—areas of human biology that are usually understood in isolation. Bringing them together here for the first time, Davis offers a new vision of the human body as a biological wonder of dizzying complexity and possibility. Written by an award-winning scientist at the forefront of this adventure, The Secret Body is a gripping drama of discovery and a landmark account of the dawning revolution in human health.

The Cognitive Neurosciences, fifth edition

Michael S. Gazzaniga,George R. Mangun
The Cognitive Neurosciences fifth edition Book PDF

Author : Michael S. Gazzaniga,George R. Mangun
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1187 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262027779

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The Cognitive Neurosciences, fifth edition by Michael S. Gazzaniga,George R. Mangun Pdf

The fifth edition of a work that defines the field of cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that reflects recent advances in the field. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The fifth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biological underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. It offers entirely new material, reflecting recent advances in the field. Many of the developments in cognitive neuroscience have been shaped by the introduction of novel tools and methodologies, and a new section is devoted to methods that promise to guide the field into the future—from sophisticated models of causality in brain function to the application of network theory to massive data sets. Another new section treats neuroscience and society, considering some of the moral and political quandaries posed by current neuroscientific methods. Other sections describe, among other things, new research that draws on developmental imaging to study the changing structure and function of the brain over the lifespan; progress in establishing increasingly precise models of memory; research that confirms the study of emotion and social cognition as a core area in cognitive neuroscience; and new findings that cast doubt on the so-called neural correlates of consciousness.

Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence

P. Hitzler,M.K. Sarker,A. Eberhart
Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : P. Hitzler,M.K. Sarker,A. Eberhart
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781643684079

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Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence by P. Hitzler,M.K. Sarker,A. Eberhart Pdf

If only it were possible to develop automated and trainable neural systems that could justify their behavior in a way that could be interpreted by humans like a symbolic system. The field of Neurosymbolic AI aims to combine two disparate approaches to AI; symbolic reasoning and neural or connectionist approaches such as Deep Learning. The quest to unite these two types of AI has led to the development of many innovative techniques which extend the boundaries of both disciplines. This book, Compendium of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence, presents 30 invited papers which explore various approaches to defining and developing a successful system to combine these two methods. Each strategy has clear advantages and disadvantages, with the aim of most being to find some useful middle ground between the rigid transparency of symbolic systems and the more flexible yet highly opaque neural applications. The papers are organized by theme, with the first four being overviews or surveys of the field. These are followed by papers covering neurosymbolic reasoning; neurosymbolic architectures; various aspects of Deep Learning; and finally two chapters on natural language processing. All papers were reviewed internally before publication. The book is intended to follow and extend the work of the previous book, Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence: The state of the art (IOS Press; 2021) which laid out the breadth of the field at that time. Neurosymbolic AI is a young field which is still being actively defined and explored, and this book will be of interest to those working in AI research and development.

Bioinspired Devices

Eugene C. Goldfield
Bioinspired Devices Book PDF

Author : Eugene C. Goldfield
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780674981935

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Bioinspired Devices by Eugene C. Goldfield Pdf

Eugene Goldfield lays out principles of engineering found in the natural world, with a focus on how components of coordinated structures organize themselves into autonomous functional systems. This self-organizing capacity is one of many qualities which can be harnessed to design technologies that can interact seamlessly with human bodies.