Dispositionalism

Author : Anne Sophie Meincke
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030287221

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Dispositionalism by Anne Sophie Meincke Pdf

According to dispositional realism, or dispositionalism, the entities inhabiting our world possess irreducibly dispositional properties – often called ‘powers’ – by means of which they are sources of change. Dispositionalism has become increasingly popular among metaphysicians in the last three decades as it offers a realist account of causation and provides novel avenues for understanding modality, laws of nature, agency, free will and other key concepts in metaphysics. At the same time, it is receiving growing interest among philosophers of science. This reflects the substantial role scientific findings play in arguments for dispositionalism which, as a metaphysics of science, aims to unveil the very foundations of science. The present collection of essays brings together both strands of interest. It elucidates the ontological profile of dispositionalism by exploring its ontological commitments, and it discusses these from the perspective of the philosophy of science. The essays are written by both proponents of dispositionalism and sceptics so as to initiate an open-minded, constructive dialogue.

Author : Travis Dumsday
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108480130

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Dispositionalism and the Metaphysics of Science by Travis Dumsday Pdf

Establishes new connections between dispositionalism and a variety of debates in contemporary analytic metaphysics and philosophy of science.

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199809066

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Rule-Following: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by Oxford University Press Pdf

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of social work find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Philosophy, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study Philosophy. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.oxfordbibligraphies.com.

Author : Katherine Puddifoot
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192845559

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How Stereotypes Deceive Us by Katherine Puddifoot Pdf

Stereotypes sometimes lead us to make poor judgements of other people, but they also have the potential to facilitate quick, efficient, and accurate judgements. How can we discern whether any individual act of stereotyping will have the positive or negative effect? How Stereotypes Deceive Us addresses this question. It identifies various factors that determine whether or not the application of a stereotype to an individual in a specific context will facilitate or impede correct judgements and perceptions of the individual. It challenges the thought that stereotyping only and always impedes correct judgement when the stereotypes that are applied are inaccurate, failing to reflect social realities. It argues instead that stereotypes that reflect social realities can lead to misperceptions and misjudgements, and that inaccurate but egalitarian social attitudes can therefore facilitate correct judgements and accurate perceptions. The arguments presented in this book have important implications for those who might engage in stereotyping and those who are at risk of being stereotyped. They have implications for those who work in healthcare and those who have mental health conditions. How Stereotypes Deceive Us provides a new conceptual framework-evaluative dispositionalism-that captures the epistemic faults of stereotypes and stereotyping, providing conceptual resources that can be used to improve our own thinking by avoiding the pitfalls of stereotyping, and to challenge other people's stereotyping where it is likely to lead to misperception and misjudgement.

Author : Markus Schrenk
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317273066

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Metaphysics of Science by Markus Schrenk Pdf

Metaphysics and science have a long but troubled relationship. In the twentieth century the Logical Positivists argued metaphysics was irrelevant and that philosophy should be guided by science. However, metaphysics and science attempt to answer many of the same, fundamental questions: What are laws of nature? What is causation? What are natural kinds? In this book, Markus Schrenk examines and explains the central questions and problems in the metaphysics of science. He reviews the development of the field from the early modern period through to the latest research, systematically assessing key topics including: dispositions counterfactual conditionals laws of nature causation properties natural kinds essence necessity. With the addition of chapter summaries and annotated further reading, Metaphysics of Science is a much-needed, clear and informative survey of this exciting area of philosophical research. It is essential reading for students and scholars of philosophy of science and metaphysics.

Author : Zed Adams
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317401896

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On the Genealogy of Color by Zed Adams Pdf

In On the Genealogy of Color, Zed Adams argues for a historicized approach to conceptual analysis, by exploring the relevance of the history of color science for contemporary philosophical debates about color realism. Adams contends that two prominent positions in these debates, Cartesian anti-realism and Oxford realism, are both predicated on the assumption that the concept of color is ahistorical and unrevisable. Adams takes issue with this premise by offering a philosophical genealogy of the concept of color. This book makes a significant contribution to recent debates on philosophical methodology by demonstrating the efficacy of using the genealogical method to explore philosophical concepts, and will appeal to philosophers of perception, philosophers of mind, and metaphysicians.

Author : Lawrence Nolan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011-04-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199556151

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Primary and Secondary Qualities by Lawrence Nolan Pdf

Fourteen new essays trace the historical development of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, a key topic in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of perception. The volume starts with the ancient Greeks, discusses virtually all major figures of the early modern era, and reflects on the place of the topic in philosophy today.

Author : Berit Brogaard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780199810291

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Color: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by Berit Brogaard Pdf

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of social work find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Philosophy, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study Philosophy. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.oxfordbibligraphies.com.

Author : Alexander Bird,Brian Ellis,Howard Sankey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136345722

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Properties, Powers and Structures by Alexander Bird,Brian Ellis,Howard Sankey Pdf

While the phrase "metaphysics of science" has been used from time to time, it has only recently begun to denote a specific research area where metaphysics meets philosophy of science—and the sciences themselves. The essays in this volume demonstrate that metaphysics of science is an innovative field of research in its own right. The principle areas covered are: The modal metaphysics of properties: What is the essential nature of natural properties? Are all properties essentially categorical? Are they all essentially dispositions, or are some categorical and others dispositional? Realism in mathematics and its relation to science: What does a naturalistic commitment of scientific realism tell us about our commitments to mathematical entities? Can this question be framed in something other than a Quinean philosophy? Dispositions and their relation to causation: Can we generate an account of causation that takes dispositionality as fundamental? And if we take dispositions as fundamental (and hence not having a categorical causal basis), what is the ontological ground of dispositions? Pandispositionalism: Could all properties be dispositional in nature? Natural kinds: Are there natural kinds, and if so what account of their nature should we give? For example, do they have essences? Here we consider how these issues may be illuminated by considering examples from reals science, in particular biochemistry and neurobiology.

Author : Alex Byrne,David R. Hilbert
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Color
ISBN : 0262522306

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Readings on Color: The philosophy of color by Alex Byrne,David R. Hilbert Pdf

Author : Martin Kusch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781315478845

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A Sceptical Guide to Meaning and Rules by Martin Kusch Pdf

No other recent book in Anglophone philosophy has attracted as much criticism and has found so few friends as Saul Kripke's "Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language". Amongst its critics, one finds the very top of the philosophical profession. Yet, it is rightly counted amongst the books that students of philosophy, at least in the Anglo-American world, have to read at some point in their education. Enormously influential, it has given rise to debates that strike at the very heart of contemporary philosophy of mind and language. In this major new interpretation, Martin Kusch defends Kripke's account against the numerous weighty objections that have been put forward over the past twenty years and argues that none of them is decisive. He shows that many critiques are based on misunderstandings of Kripke's reasoning; that many attacks can be blocked by refining and developing Kripke's position; and that many alternative proposals turn out either to be unworkable or to be disguised variants of the view they are meant to replace. Kusch argues that the apparent simplicity of Kripke's text is deceptive and that a fresh reading gives Kripke's overall argument a new strength.

Author : Jonathan Cohen
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009-06-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199556168

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The Red and the Real by Jonathan Cohen Pdf

The Red and the Real offers a new approach to longstanding philosophical puzzles about what colors are and how they fit into the natural world. Jonathan Cohen argues for a role-functionalist treatment of color - a view according to which colors are identical to certain functional roles involving perceptual effects on subjects. Cohen first argues (on broadly empirical grounds) for the more general relationalist view that colors are constituted in terms of relations betweenobjects, perceivers, and viewing conditions. He responds to semantic, ontological, and phenomenological objections against this thesis, and argues that relationalism offers the best hope of respecting both empirical results and ordinary belief about color. He then defends the more specific rolefunctionalist-account by contending that the latter is the most plausible form of color relationalism.

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Springer
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319334059

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The Nature of Scientific Knowledge by Kevin McCain Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the epistemology of science. It not only introduces readers to the general epistemological discussion of the nature of knowledge, but also provides key insights into the particular nuances of scientific knowledge. No prior knowledge of philosophy or science is assumed by The Nature of Scientific Knowledge. Nevertheless, the reader is taken on a journey through several core concepts of epistemology and philosophy of science that not only explores the characteristics of the scientific knowledge of individuals but also the way that the development of scientific knowledge is a particularly social endeavor. The topics covered in this book are of keen interest to students of epistemology and philosophy of science as well as science educators interested in the nature of scientific knowledge. In fact, as a result of its clear and engaging approach to understanding scientific knowledge The Nature of Scientific Knowledge is a book that anyone interested in scientific knowledge, knowledge in general, and any of a myriad of related concepts would be well advised to study closely.

Author : William A. Bauer,Anna Marmodoro
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350336131

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Artificial Dispositions by William A. Bauer,Anna Marmodoro Pdf

We inhabit a world not only full of natural dispositions independent of human design, but also artificial dispositions created by our technological prowess. How do these dispositions, found in automation, computation, and artificial intelligence applications, differ metaphysically from their natural counterparts? This collection investigates artificial dispositions: what they are, the roles they play in artificial systems, and how they impact our understanding of the nature of reality, the structure of minds, and the ethics of emerging technologies. It is divided into four parts covering the following interconnected themes: (i) Artificial and Natural Dispositions, (ii) Artificial Systems and Their Dispositions, (iii) Agency, Mind, and Artificial Dispositions, and (iv) Artificial Moral Dispositions. This is a groundbreaking and thought-provoking resource for any student or scholar of philosophy of science, contemporary metaphysics, applied ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of technology.

Author : Max Kistler,Bruno Gnassounou
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0754654257

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Dispositions and Causal Powers by Max Kistler,Bruno Gnassounou Pdf

Dispositions are everywhere. We say that a wall is hard, that water quenches thirst and is transparent, that dogs can swim and oak trees can let their leaves fall, and that acid has the power to corrode metals. All these statements express attributions of dispositions, be they physical, physiological or psychological, yet there is much philosophical debate about how far, if at all, dispositional predicates can have complete meaning or figure in causal explanations. This collection of essays, by leading international researchers, examine the case for realism with respect to dispositions and causal powers in both metaphysics and science. Among the issues debated in this book is whether dispositions can be analyzed in terms of conditionals, whether all dispositions have a so-called categorical basis and, if they do, what is the relation between the disposition and its basis.