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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1738 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Disarmament
ISBN : COLUMBIA:CU02072670
Author : David Tal
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815631669
the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 quickly ushered in a popular and political movement toward nuclear disarmament. Across the globe, heads of state, high-ranking ministers, and bureaucrats led intense efforts to achieve effective disarmament agreements. Ultimately these efforts failed. In The American Nuclear Disarmament Dilemma, David Tal offers a detailed analysis of U.S. policy from 1945 to the summer of 1963, exploring the reasons for failure and revealing the complex motivations that eventually led to the Limited Test Ban Treaty. While previous books have focused on the policies of specific administrations, Tal’s is the first to consider negotiations as an evolving phenomenon that preoccupied three presidents, from Truman to Kennedy. Drawing on extensive archival research, the author examines the profound dilemma faced by leaders on all sides—forced by political pressure to engage in negotiations whose success they saw as injurious to national interests. Far from believing that the nuclear arms race would inevitably lead to war, the United States regarded nuclear weapons as the greatest guarantee that war would not happen.
Author : United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : Disarmament
ISBN : UOM:39015011480723
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Disarmament
ISBN : UCBK:C109456355
Author : Henry D. Sokolski,Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher : Department of the Army
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015075659907
As currently interpreted, it is difficult to see why the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) warrants much support as a nonproliferation convention. Most foreign ministries, including that of Iran and the United States, insist that Article IV of the NPT recognizes the "inalienable right" of all states to develop "peaceful nuclear energy." This includes money-losing activities, such as nuclear fuel reprocessing, which can bring countries to the very brink of acquiring nuclear weapons. If the NPT is intended to ensure that states share peaceful "benefits" of nuclear energy and to prevent the spread of nuclear bomb making technologies, it is difficult to see how it can accomplish either if the interpretation identified above is correct. Some argue, however, that the NPT clearly proscribes proliferation by requiring international nuclear safeguards against military diversions of fissile material. Unfortunately, these procedures, which are required of all non-nuclear weapons state members of the NPT under Article III, are rickety at best. Each chapter of this book is dedicated to clarifying the NPT's key ambiguities, and the chapters are roughly structured to trace the NPT's text, article by article. The analysis set forth here was mostly written or commissioned by the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. Much more, of course, could have been included in this book. But rather than seeking to be comprehensive, the aim throughout is to provide a guide for both policymakers and security analysts. This guide should assist in navigating the most important debates over how best to read and implement the NPT and, in the process, spotlighting alternative views of the NPT that are sound and supportable. Related products: Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, 2016 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/044-000-02684-8 The Warsaw Pact, Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance: Soviet-East European Military Relations in Historical Perspective: Sources and Reassessments can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/041-015-00306-2 Moving Beyond Pretense: Nuclear Power and Nonproliferation can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01098-6
Author : Allan S. Krass,Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000200553
Originally published in 1985, the level of anxiety and suspicion between the USA and the USSR had rarely been higher. Many advocates of arms control believed that effective verification would reduce tensions and lessen the risk of war. This book analyses the two main issues of verification. One is technological: what are the present capabilities of various verification techniques and what is their potential? The devices and methods currently employed by the two major nuclear powers and by international organizations to monitor the compliance of states with arms control or disarmament treaties are examined. The second issue is political: how do US and Soviet approaches compare, what are the roles of domestic and bureaucratic politics, and on what criteria can a workable standard of adequacy be based? In short, how much is enough? Although the study concludes that a number of significant arms control measures can already be adequately verified, modern weapons are becoming more mobile and it is becoming easier to conceal them. There is a danger that the ability to hide weapons will outstrip the ability to find them. Verification cannot promise to detect all violations; a workable standard of adequacy in verification must derive from the ability to detect militarily significant violations.
Author : John Van Oudenaren
Publisher : Guides to European Diplomatic
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015021978294
The monumental events in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union must be understood, Jan Van Oudenaren argues, in the context of a process of East-West détente begun in 1953 in the aftermath of Stalin's death. Van Oudenaren's comprehensive and timely study examines the development of Soviet-Western détente from the death of Stalin to the unification of Germany. In redefining détente as a process, rather than a code of conduct, Van Oudenaren looks to its origins in Soviet policy earlier than previously identified and analyzes both its history and character. His study explores the restoration of four-power negotiations in Germany and Austria in the mid-1950s, their subsequent breakdown in the Berlin crisis, their unexpected revival in 1990 in the form of "two plus four" talks on German unity, and the future of the Soviet Union as a European power. Among the key elements of détente discussed are diplomacy, particularly the role of summit conferences; cooperation among parliaments, political parties, and trade unions; arms control; economic relations; and links among cultural institutions, churches, and peace movements.
Author : Glen Segell,James Edward King
Publisher : Glen Segell Publishers
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Nuclear arms control
ISBN : 9781901414288
Lawrence Freedman wrote in his acclaimed book The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, 'James King permitted me to read a copy of his own masterly unpublished study entitled The New Strategy', (London. Macmillan in association with the International Institute for Strategic Studies. 1981) p.xii. There were in fact nine drafts of the manuscript written by James E. King Jr (Jim) from 1948 to 1988. Correspondence indicates that Lawrence Freedman probably read a copy in 1976 of a version given by Jim King to Ken Booth in 1973. Eight of these drafts are provided in their original unaltered form on a CD to accompany this volume. The ninth draft is not enclosed as it remains classified as 'Top Secret'. A declassified paper entitled 'The Intellectuals and the Bombs presented in 1982' provides insight for a likely reasoning of such a classification despite a publication contract with The Free Press.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Arms control
ISBN : HARVARD:32044061198313
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1042 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015078310672
Author : Marjorie Millace Whiteman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1042 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : International law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105062406876
Author : Alfred Goldberg,Steven L. Rearden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1084 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : National security
ISBN : UIUC:30112027357653
Author : United States. Department of State. Historical Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 930 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Berlin (Germany)
ISBN : UIUC:30112041804771
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1468 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Berlin (Germany)
ISBN : UCR:31210006132573
Author : Sean N. Kalic
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781603446976
In the clash of ideologies represented by the Cold War, even the heavens were not immune to militarization. Satellites and space programs became critical elements among the national security objectives of both the United States and the Soviet Union. According to US Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946–1967, three American presidents in succession shared a fundamental objective of preserving space as a weapons-free frontier for the benefit of all humanity. Between 1953 and 1967 Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson all saw nonaggressive military satellite development, as well as the civilian space program, as means to favorably shape the international community’s opinion of the scientific, technological, and military capabilities of the United States. Sean N. Kalic’s reinterpretation of the development of US space policy, based on documents declassified in the past decade, demonstrates that a single vision for the appropriate uses of space characterized American strategies across parties and administrations during this period. Significantly, Kalic’s findings contradict the popular opinion that the United States sought to weaponize space and calls into question the traditional interpretation of the space race as a simple action/reaction paradigm. Indeed, beyond serving as a symbol and ambassador of US technological capability, its satellite program provided the United States with advanced, nonaggressive military intelligence-gathering platforms that proved critical in assessing the strategic nuclear balance between the United States and the Soviet Union. It also aided the three administrations in countering the Soviet Union’s increasing international prestige after its series of space firsts, beginning with the launch of Sputnik in 1957.